Also known as : Common spindletree 'Red Cascade', Spindleberry 'Red Cascade'
An Award of Garden Merit winner, european spindletree 'Red Cascade''s compact size and ornamental, long-lasting red fruits and leaves give this plant its distinct appearance. Hybridized from other spindle tree varieties, european spindletree 'Red Cascade' was named quite literally for its cascading red appearance in the colder months. This is in large part what it's loved for, as well as its appeal to wildlife.
Hardiness Zones
4 to 7
Care Guide for European spindletree 'Red Cascade'
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Watering Care
Average water needs, watering when the top 3 cm of soil has dried out.
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Common Pests & Diseases About European spindletree 'Red Cascade'
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Common issues for European spindletree 'Red Cascade' based on 10 million real cases
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Flower withering
Flower withering is a detrimental disease affecting European spindletree 'Red Cascade', characterized by premature flower drop and decaying blooms. The disease hampers aesthetic appeal and plant vigour, reducing flowering potential and overall health.
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Solutions: Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers. For severe cases: Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects. Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans. Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps. For less severe cases: Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water. Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Underwatering yellow
A lack of water will cause the leaves to gradually turn yellow starting at the base of the branch while the entire plant appears to wilt.
Solutions: Your plant is very thirsty and needs water promptly. You can revive your plant by giving it water. The easiest technique is to slowly pour water into your plant’s soil so that the whole surface is moistened. If you pour the water too quickly, the water will flow directly through rather than diffusing throughout the soil. If your plant’s pot does not have drainage holes, do not give your plant more than about a third of the pot’s volume of water. If your plant’s pot does have drainage holes, you can add water slowly until the soil is thoroughly moistened and the water flows freely through the pot. If you trim off yellow leaves to improve the plant’s appearance, do not remove more than a third of the plant’s leaves. It may be better to wait until leaves have died and fallen off to remove them.
Flower withering
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Flower withering Disease on European spindletree 'Red Cascade'?
Flower withering is a detrimental disease affecting European spindletree 'Red Cascade', characterized by premature flower drop and decaying blooms. The disease hampers aesthetic appeal and plant vigour, reducing flowering potential and overall health.
Symptom Analysis
In European spindletree 'Red Cascade', symptoms include browning and shriveling of petals, premature flower drop, and a visibly weakened state during blooming periods.
What Causes Flower withering Disease on European spindletree 'Red Cascade'?
1
Pathogens
Typically caused by fungal infections like Botrytis or bacterial presence, which thrive in moist conditions.
2
Environmental Stress
Prolonged exposure to either too much water or drought conditions can contribute to flower withering.
How to Treat Flower withering Disease on European spindletree 'Red Cascade'?
1
Non pesticide
Enhanced Air Circulation: Pruning to ensure good air flow around the plants reduces humidity and lowers disease incidence.
Proper Watering Techniques: Avoid overhead watering to reduce leaf and flower wetness, minimizing fungal infection opportunities.
2
Pesticide
Fungicidal Sprays: Apply fungicides as preventive measures during vulnerable periods or at the first sign of disease.
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
Leaf margins may turn yellow.
Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
Partial or complete premature defoliation
Reduced growth
Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
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Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Overview
Caterpillars can cause problems for home gardeners. If not managed, these insects can defoliate a plant in just a matter of days. However, home gardeners face a challenge because these caterpillars eventually turn into beautiful butterflies and moths, which are important for pollination and the general ecosystem.
There are thousands of different species of caterpillars and many will only target certain plants. If caterpillars are posing a problem, they can be removed by hand, or gardeners can use insect-proof netting to protect their valuable plants.
Symptom Analysis
Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. During the warmer months, butterflies and moths that visit gardens will lay their eggs on the underside of leaves.
When the tiny eggs hatch, the young larvae emerge and start feeding on the leaves of the plant. Depending on how many larvae have hatched, they can easily defoliate the plant in a very short period of time. Caterpillars will shed their skin as they grow, around 4 or 5 times during this feeding cycle.
Symptoms of caterpillars eating plants appear as holes in the leaves. The edges of the leaves may be eaten away as well, and flowers can be affected as well.
Some are easy to see, but others need to be searched for. This is because their bodies are often camouflaged to look like part of the plant. Gardeners need to look carefully along the stems of the plant as well as under the leaves. Also, look for tiny white, yellow, or brown eggs that can be found in groups on the underside of leaves.
Once the caterpillar is fully grown, it transforms into a pupa or chrysalis. Then, after a period of time that varies according to the species, a butterfly or moth will emerge from the pupa and the cycle begins again.
Solutions
Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers.
For severe cases:
Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects.
Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans.
Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps.
For less severe cases:
Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water.
Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Continue reading in our app - it's better
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Scan the QR code with your phone camera to download the app
Underwatering yellow
A lack of water will cause the leaves to gradually turn yellow starting at the base of the branch while the entire plant appears to wilt.
Symptom Analysis
Your plant’s leaves are turning yellow due to underwatering, the oldest leaves turn yellow first. Leaves yellow from the edges towards the middle. Other signs of underwatering include the soil feeling very dry or pulling away from the edge of its pot.
Solutions
Your plant is very thirsty and needs water promptly.
You can revive your plant by giving it water. The easiest technique is to slowly pour water into your plant’s soil so that the whole surface is moistened. If you pour the water too quickly, the water will flow directly through rather than diffusing throughout the soil. If your plant’s pot does not have drainage holes, do not give your plant more than about a third of the pot’s volume of water. If your plant’s pot does have drainage holes, you can add water slowly until the soil is thoroughly moistened and the water flows freely through the pot.
If you trim off yellow leaves to improve the plant’s appearance, do not remove more than a third of the plant’s leaves. It may be better to wait until leaves have died and fallen off to remove them.
Prevention
When you get a new plant, research its specific watering needs. Set reminders so that you remember to water your plants consistently. Not all plants are the same, so make sure to differentiate all of your plants in your watering schedule.
You may wish to purchase a commercial soil water meter which has a long probe that you place near your plant’s roots. Be sure to check it frequently and water your plant when the soil water meter indicates that it needs watering.
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More Info on European Spindletree 'red Cascade' Growth and Care
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Common Pests & Diseases
Flower withering
Flower withering is a detrimental disease affecting European spindletree 'Red Cascade', characterized by premature flower drop and decaying blooms. The disease hampers aesthetic appeal and plant vigour, reducing flowering potential and overall health.
Read More
Dark blotch
Dark blotch is a fungal disease affecting European spindletree 'Red Cascade' by causing necrotic spots on leaves and young branches, potentially leading to premature leaf drop and twig dieback. This significantly impacts the plant's aesthetic and vigor.
Read More
Caterpillar
Caterpillar infestation on 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'' primarily leads to defoliation which can severely impact the aesthetic and health of the plant. Key preventive and control measures are necessary to manage this issue effectively.
Read More
Lichen
Lichen is not a disease but a symbiotic organism comprising fungi and algae. Its growth on the bark of European spindletree 'Red Cascade' can indicate poor vigor but does not harm the plant directly. It thrives in clean air and often points to environmental stresses on the host plant.
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Spider mite
Spider mite infestation affects the plant 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'' by causing leaf discoloration and eventual defoliation, leading to significant visual and health impacts. The infestation is more severe under certain environmental conditions.
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Wounds
Wounds on European spindletree 'Red Cascade' primarily manifest as physical injuries disrupting its aesthetics and health. Such wounds can be caused by improper care, physical damage, or harsh environmental conditions, making the plant more vulnerable to infections and pests.
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Dodder
Dodder is a parasitic plant that adversely affects 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'', hindering its growth and aesthetic value. The disease drains nutrients, leading to wilted, discolored foliage, and potentially stunted growth.
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Leaf white mold
Leaf white mold on 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'' often leads to severe foliage disfigurement and weakening of the plant. This disease, prevalent under moist conditions, results in a whitish, cottony fungal growth which can significantly impact plant health and aesthetics.
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Leaf wilting
Leaf wilting in 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'' significantly affects the plant’s vigor and aesthetic appeal by causing premature leaf drop and stunted growth, potentially leading to plant death if untreated.
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Mealybug
Mealybug is a pest that targets 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'', causing reduced growth and unsightly white cotton-like masses on the plant. This can lead to severe weakening if not managed.
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Spots
Spots on European spindletree 'Red Cascade' are a common fungal disease causing discoloration and defoliation. This leads to aesthetic degradation and weaker plant health. Key issues include leaf spotting and reduced growth.
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Thrips
Thrips are tiny pests affecting European spindletree 'Red Cascade', leading to distorted leaves, silvering of leaf surface, and reduced plant vigor. Immediate action is required to prevent widespread damage.
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Leafhopper
Leafhopper disease significantly impacts 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'', causing yellowing leaves, reduced vigor, and potentially death if untreated. Effective management includes cultural practices and pesticide applications.
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Whitefly
Whitefly is an insect pest that specifically targets European spindletree 'Red Cascade', causing leaf discoloration, wilting, and potential plant death if uncontrolled. It extracts sap, weakening the plant and sometimes transmitting viral diseases.
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Aphid
Aphids, small sap-sucking pests, seriously affect 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'' causing stunted growth, curled leaves, and a black sooty mold from their secretions. Early detection and control are vital to managing their impact.
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Weevil
Weevil disease, primarily caused by beetle larvae, severely affects European spindletree 'Red Cascade'. The larvae burrow into stems and leaves, inhibiting growth and leading to wilting and premature leaf drop.
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Leaf beetle
Leaf beetles are pests that cause significant damage to 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'', featuring defoliation and compromised growth. Early detection and intervention are crucial to manage their impact effectively.
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Moss
Moss disease on European spindletree 'Red Cascade' typically manifests as parasitic mosses overtaking the plant's structure, leading to weakened growth and potential dieback. It's important to manage to conserve aesthetic and plant health.
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Dark spots
Dark spots disease primarily affects the aesthetic value of European spindletree 'Red Cascade', causing unsightly black or brown lesions on leaves and stems. This can progress to leaf drop and weakened overall plant health if not managed promptly.
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Yellow edges
Yellow edges may impact European spindletree 'Red Cascade' by discoloring leaf margins, eventually hampering photosynthesis and plant vitality. It's typically due to infection or environmental factors.
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Scale insect
Scale insects are major pests affecting 'European spindletree 'Red Cascade'', causing discolored leaves, stunted growth, and a sticky residue that encourages sooty mold. Severe infestations can be detrimental to plant health.
Read More
Flower wilting
Flower wilting in 'Euonymus europaeus ‘Red Cascade’' primarily results from inadequate water supply or fungal infections, leading to drooping and discoloration of blooms and foliage, potentially causing severe decline or death if unchecked.
Read More
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About
Care Guide
More Info
Pests & Diseases
More About How-Tos
European spindletree 'Red Cascade'
Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade'
Also known as: Common spindletree 'Red Cascade', Spindleberry 'Red Cascade'
An Award of Garden Merit winner, european spindletree 'Red Cascade''s compact size and ornamental, long-lasting red fruits and leaves give this plant its distinct appearance. Hybridized from other spindle tree varieties, european spindletree 'Red Cascade' was named quite literally for its cascading red appearance in the colder months. This is in large part what it's loved for, as well as its appeal to wildlife.
Hardiness Zones
4 to 7
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Common Pests & Diseases About European spindletree 'Red Cascade'
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Common issues for European spindletree 'Red Cascade' based on 10 million real cases
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Flower withering
Flower withering is a detrimental disease affecting European spindletree 'Red Cascade', characterized by premature flower drop and decaying blooms. The disease hampers aesthetic appeal and plant vigour, reducing flowering potential and overall health.
Learn More About the Flower withering
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Learn More About the Brown spot
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Solutions: Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers. For severe cases: Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects. Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans. Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps. For less severe cases: Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water. Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Learn More About the Caterpillars
Underwatering yellow
A lack of water will cause the leaves to gradually turn yellow starting at the base of the branch while the entire plant appears to wilt.
Solutions: Your plant is very thirsty and needs water promptly. You can revive your plant by giving it water. The easiest technique is to slowly pour water into your plant’s soil so that the whole surface is moistened. If you pour the water too quickly, the water will flow directly through rather than diffusing throughout the soil. If your plant’s pot does not have drainage holes, do not give your plant more than about a third of the pot’s volume of water. If your plant’s pot does have drainage holes, you can add water slowly until the soil is thoroughly moistened and the water flows freely through the pot. If you trim off yellow leaves to improve the plant’s appearance, do not remove more than a third of the plant’s leaves. It may be better to wait until leaves have died and fallen off to remove them.
Learn More About the Underwatering yellow
Flower withering
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Flower withering Disease on European spindletree 'Red Cascade'?
Flower withering is a detrimental disease affecting European spindletree 'Red Cascade', characterized by premature flower drop and decaying blooms. The disease hampers aesthetic appeal and plant vigour, reducing flowering potential and overall health.
Symptom Analysis
In European spindletree 'Red Cascade', symptoms include browning and shriveling of petals, premature flower drop, and a visibly weakened state during blooming periods.
What Causes Flower withering Disease on European spindletree 'Red Cascade'?
1
Pathogens
Typically caused by fungal infections like Botrytis or bacterial presence, which thrive in moist conditions.
2
Environmental Stress
Prolonged exposure to either too much water or drought conditions can contribute to flower withering.
How to Treat Flower withering Disease on European spindletree 'Red Cascade'?
1
Non pesticide
Enhanced Air Circulation: Pruning to ensure good air flow around the plants reduces humidity and lowers disease incidence.
Proper Watering Techniques: Avoid overhead watering to reduce leaf and flower wetness, minimizing fungal infection opportunities.
2
Pesticide
Fungicidal Sprays: Apply fungicides as preventive measures during vulnerable periods or at the first sign of disease.
Continue reading in our app - it's better
A database of 400000+ plants unlimited guides at your fingertips...
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
Leaf margins may turn yellow.
Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
Partial or complete premature defoliation
Reduced growth
Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
Solutions
In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary.
Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading.
Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear.
Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread.
Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Prevention
Like many other diseases, it is easier to prevent brown spot than cure it, and this is done through cultural practices.
Clear fall leaves from the ground before winter to minimize places where fungi and bacteria can overwinter.
Maintain good air movement between plants through proper plant spacing.
Increase air circulation through the center of plants through pruning.
Thoroughly clean all pruning tools after working with diseased plants.
Never dispose of disease plant material in a compost pile.
Avoid overhead watering to keep moisture off of the foliage.
Keep plants healthy by providing adequate sunlight, water, and fertilizer.
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Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Overview
Caterpillars can cause problems for home gardeners. If not managed, these insects can defoliate a plant in just a matter of days. However, home gardeners face a challenge because these caterpillars eventually turn into beautiful butterflies and moths, which are important for pollination and the general ecosystem.
There are thousands of different species of caterpillars and many will only target certain plants. If caterpillars are posing a problem, they can be removed by hand, or gardeners can use insect-proof netting to protect their valuable plants.
Symptom Analysis
Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. During the warmer months, butterflies and moths that visit gardens will lay their eggs on the underside of leaves.
When the tiny eggs hatch, the young larvae emerge and start feeding on the leaves of the plant. Depending on how many larvae have hatched, they can easily defoliate the plant in a very short period of time. Caterpillars will shed their skin as they grow, around 4 or 5 times during this feeding cycle.
Symptoms of caterpillars eating plants appear as holes in the leaves. The edges of the leaves may be eaten away as well, and flowers can be affected as well.
Some are easy to see, but others need to be searched for. This is because their bodies are often camouflaged to look like part of the plant. Gardeners need to look carefully along the stems of the plant as well as under the leaves. Also, look for tiny white, yellow, or brown eggs that can be found in groups on the underside of leaves.
Once the caterpillar is fully grown, it transforms into a pupa or chrysalis. Then, after a period of time that varies according to the species, a butterfly or moth will emerge from the pupa and the cycle begins again.
Solutions
Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers.
For severe cases:
Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects.
Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans.
Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps.
For less severe cases:
Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water.
Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Prevention
Prevention may require less effort than attempts to eradicate infestations that have already begun. Here are our top steps for prevention:
Monitor plants. Check plants regularly for caterpillar eggs on leaves. If they do not belong to an endangered species, they should be squished.
Use insect netting. Cover plants with insect netting to prevent butterflies and moths from laying eggs on plants.
Apply diatomaceous earth. Apply DE to plants early in the season and reapply after rain.
Encourage plant diversity. This will attract predatory insects including parasitic wasps.
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Underwatering yellow
A lack of water will cause the leaves to gradually turn yellow starting at the base of the branch while the entire plant appears to wilt.
Symptom Analysis
Your plant’s leaves are turning yellow due to underwatering, the oldest leaves turn yellow first. Leaves yellow from the edges towards the middle. Other signs of underwatering include the soil feeling very dry or pulling away from the edge of its pot.
Solutions
Your plant is very thirsty and needs water promptly.
You can revive your plant by giving it water. The easiest technique is to slowly pour water into your plant’s soil so that the whole surface is moistened. If you pour the water too quickly, the water will flow directly through rather than diffusing throughout the soil. If your plant’s pot does not have drainage holes, do not give your plant more than about a third of the pot’s volume of water. If your plant’s pot does have drainage holes, you can add water slowly until the soil is thoroughly moistened and the water flows freely through the pot.
If you trim off yellow leaves to improve the plant’s appearance, do not remove more than a third of the plant’s leaves. It may be better to wait until leaves have died and fallen off to remove them.
Prevention
When you get a new plant, research its specific watering needs. Set reminders so that you remember to water your plants consistently. Not all plants are the same, so make sure to differentiate all of your plants in your watering schedule.
You may wish to purchase a commercial soil water meter which has a long probe that you place near your plant’s roots. Be sure to check it frequently and water your plant when the soil water meter indicates that it needs watering.
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