Primary propagation methods for toyon include seeds and cuttings. Key factors for success are good light exposure, moderate temperatures, and well-draining soil. Scarification and stratification may improve seed germination, while rooting hormone can aid cuttings. Propagation is moderately difficult due to slow germination and rooting times. Steps for seeds: scarify, stratify, sow in well-draining soil, and maintain moisture. For cuttings: select semi-hardwood, apply rooting hormone, plant in a mix, and keep consistently moist.