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New Plant Care

How to Care for Angel's-wings

Angel's-wings (*Opuntia microdasys*) is a flowering cactus species native to Mexico. Angel's-wings is closely related to Opuntia RFID, which can be differentiated from Opuntia microdasys by its reddish color. Some scientists consider the two cacti to be the same species. This species is also known as the bunny ears cactus, the bunny cactus, or the polka-dot cactus. It is sometimes planted as an ornamental on borders and in gardens.
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Symbolism

Hope
Water
Water
Every 3 weeks
Sunlight
Sunlight
Full sun
Angel's-wings play
Angel's-wings
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Angel's-wings
Angel's-wings
Angel's-wings
care_basic_guide

Basic Care Guide

Cultivation:WaterDetail

Water

Angel's-wings is a drought-tolerant plant that does not require frequent watering. Water thoroughly when the soil is completely dry. When potted, water slowly, wait for water to flow out the bottom, and then pour the excess water from the tray to avoid water accumulation.
Spring, summer, and fall are its growing seasons. Water once or twice a week to keep the soil slightly wet. In winter, water less; just keep the soil from drying excessively; usually once a week. Besides, water with rainwater or distilled water rather than tap water.
Tap water contains a lot of calcium, magnesium, and other mineral salts. Long-term use tends to cause soil compaction. Avoid splashing water on its stem when watering to prevent rotting.
Cultivation:WaterDetail
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What should I do if I water my Angel's-wings too much or too little?
Underwatered Angel's-wings
Angel's-wings and other succulents can endure long periods without water, so it’s unusual to find one of these suffering from underwatering. But, if you somehow forgot about your plant and neglected to water it for a month or more, you’ll probably find your Angel's-wings looking thirsty or with some leaf damage from lack of watering.
It is very easy to identify an underwatered Angel's-wings. The leaves will look shriveled, dry, and flat. Some may have dried up completely, turned brown and crispy, or dropped off the plant, starting with the lower leaves and moving upward as the dry conditions continue. And of course, the soil will be completely dried out.
If your Angel's-wings is thirsty and underwatered, give it plenty of water as soon as possible. Submerging the pot entirely in water for about 5-10 minutes is a good way to make sure the soil and plant are rehydrated properly. When you feel a sense of moisture on the surface of the soil with your finger, it means the watering is done properly. If there are dried out leaves still attached, go ahead and pluck them off to make room for new growth.
Overwatered Angel's-wings
Overwatering is dangerous to Angel's-wings and can be fatal to your plant if you don’t remedy the situation. Too much moisture over time leads to root rot, which prevents the roots from being able to absorb nutrients and water from the soil. Root rot occurs when wet conditions allow fungi and bacteria to flourish in the soil and feed on roots. When you find that it's overwatered, you'd better change the growing conditions, place it somewhere with more air ventilation and adjust water frequency, for example.
The symptoms of overwatering are yellow, swollen, and translucent leaves that may even burst open from being over-full with water. If the problem continues without being treated, leaves might turn brown or black, and fall off the plant at the slightest touch. Be sure to check the soil to determine if overwatering is the culprit, as some other issues can cause similar symptoms.
It’s a bit difficult (but not impossible) to save an overwatered plant. The key is catching it early before a lot of damage has occurred. If the roots become rotten, it is likely to kill the entire plant. If you suspect you have overwatered your Angel's-wings, the first step is to remove it from its pot and check the roots and soil.
After removing the plant from its pot, gently remove wet soil from around the roots and then rinse them clean in room-temperature water. This helps with removing fungus that might be lurking in the soil and allows you to get a better sense of how healthy the roots are. If your plant has already developed root rot, you will see roots that are dark brown or black, soft, mushy, or slimy.
If the majority of the roots are already affected by root rot, it may not be possible to save the plant. In this case, it is best to remove any healthy leaves and try to use these to propagate a new Angel's-wings. Luckily, this plant is easy to propagate even from a single leaf. If, on the other hand, only a portion of the roots have succumbed to rot and other healthy roots still remain, there is a chance it can be saved.
Use a sterilized cutting tool to remove any unhealthy-looking roots. Once you're left with only the firm, pale roots, it’s a good idea to dip them in a fungicide to kill off any remaining spores. After that you can repot your Angel's-wings in fresh, free-draining potting soil. While this does not always work to save a succulent with root rot, in most cases this plant will be able to make a full recovery and will put out new growth starting in the next growing season.
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How often should I water my Angel's-wings?
There’s not a hard-and-fast rule for how often to water Angel's-wings. The best way to determine this is to check the soil and only water when it’s bone dry. You can either stick your finger in the pot or use a moisture meter to check the soil below the surface. When you plant it in a deep pot, you can do this with a stick or chopstick. If it feels even a little bit moist, wait a few days and check it again.
Most people will need to water Angel's-wings about every two weeks in summer and once a month in winter, but there are several factors that can change the frequency. The section below lists some considerations that can help you to determine how often to water.
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What should I consider when watering my Angel's-wings?
There are several environmental conditions that will affect how your Angel's-wings needs to be watered, including the container size, soil type, temperature, and humidity.
First off, the container and soil you use will determine how often to water and how much water to use each time. Be sure you use a container with plenty of drainage holes in the bottom so extra water can escape the pot. A small container has less room for soil, meaning it won’t hold as much moisture, while a larger pot will stay wet longer and need to be watered less often. It’s important not to keep your Angel's-wings in an oversized pot as this can easily lead to overwatering. When repotting, move to just one size larger than the current container. A shallow container works better than a deep one, since Angel's-wings has shallow root systems.
Angel's-wings will need to be watered less often in winter and more often in the active growing season in spring and autumn. During the winter, growth slows down considerably and the plant isn’t using much energy or water. There is less water lost to evaporation in cooler winter air, meaning that soil stays wet for much longer than it would in the summer.
This also applies to the general climate around your home. If you live in a humid location with a lot of rain, you will need to water less often than if you live in a dry, arid climate. Remember that conditions at the same geographic location can vary significantly with the season and the use of indoor heating and air conditioning.
Outdoor Planting
If Angel's-wings is planted in the ground, after establishing a root system, it shouldn’t need supplemental water beyond what it receives through precipitation and dew. But if there is a long dry period, you may want to water occasionally. In other areas where Angel's-wings can only be grown in a container, this plant can be moved outside in the spring and summer when the temperature is proper and then brought back inside when temperatures start to drop. A potted Angel's-wings kept outside usually needs more water than the same plant kept indoors, because there is a lot more sun exposure even on a shaded porch.
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How to water Angel's-wings?
The best way to water Angel's-wings is to soak it thoroughly and then allow it to dry out before it gets watered again. Since this plant is somewhat drought tolerant, you can let it get quite dry before watering again. It is always better to give this type of plant too little water over too much.
When you water, make sure the soil gets thoroughly soaked throughout the whole pot. Don’t pour the water in just one spot, but rather try to go around the whole rim of the planter to be sure that it has a chance to get wet on all sides of the plant. The correct amount of water will depend on the size of your container and how much water your soil absorbs. Give your Angel's-wings enough water that it drains out from the drainage holes and then (ideally) leave the drained water in the saucer for about 20-30 minutes to absorb into dry pockets of soil. After that, discard any excess water that’s still in the saucer to avoid the soil getting waterlogged.
Bottom-watering is also an excellent method for the Angel's-wings, as you can be sure that the soil gets thoroughly moistened. This process involves placing the pot into a saucer of water and allowing the soil to absorb moisture through the drainage holes. You will know that the soil has absorbed enough water when the top layer is moist. This takes a bit more time than top-watering, but is almost foolproof in getting an even distribution of water throughout the pot.
The original habitat of Angel's-wings is relatively dry with little rain, but when it rains, the soil will be thoroughly moistened. So you can mimic this situation by bottom-watering your plant when the soil is totally dry. Deep soil bathing is better than frequent light watering for Angel's-wings.
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Cultivation:FertilizerDetail

Fertilizer

In growing seasons (namely spring, summer and fall), fertilize angel's-wings once a month with liquid fertilizer. No fertilizer is required in winter. A small amount of slow-release fertilizer can be well mixed into the soil when repotting in spring or fall.
Use nitrogen fertilizer during seedling and phosphate-potassium fertilizer before and after blooming. The fertilizer concentration should be as low as possible. It would be better to apply low-concentrate fertilizer several times rather than to use a high concentration. If the base is yellow and grows slowly, the cause may be excessive fertilizer, and fertilization should be immediately stopped.

Fertilizer

Often found growing in rock gardens and used in xeriscaping, Angel's-wings adds plenty of interest and texture to the area. It is a slow-growing plant, and this affects its care. Angel's-wings does not require a lot of nutrients to thrive. Knowing when and how to feed your specimen will help ensure you get years of enjoyment from your plant. Fertilizing Angel's-wings adds nutrients to the growing medium. Even though it does store water and nutrients, applying plant food during the growing season helps support healthy growth. Fertilizing can also encourage mature specimens to produce blooms in the growing season.
While all plants benefit from additional nutrients, Angel's-wings only needs a light dose of fertilizer during the growing season. The frequency of fertilization should be 1-2 times a year. It is suggested to fertilize your Angel's-wings in the spring and autumn, but not in winter&summer when it is dormant. Be careful with repotted plants, you will want to reduce the amount of fertilizer. It’s also a good idea to wait a couple of months after repotting before you start applying fertilizer. It’s best to use a liquid plant food formulated for succulents and cacti when you are fertilizing Angel's-wings. Dilute the fertilizer with water to half-strength. You do not want the fertilizer building up in the soil. Apply the fertilizer to the base of the plant and water thoroughly, ensuring any excess moisture drains from the container or seeps into the ground.
It is easier to use liquid plant food when you are fertilizing Angel's-wings, but granules are another option. Follow the directions on the packaging, making sure you dilute liquid fertilizers to half-strength. Whether you are using granules are liquid plant food, always apply it to the soil. Cover the granules with a thin layer of soil and water regardless of the type of plant food you are using.
Over-fertilizing Angel's-wings is a common problem with new and experienced gardeners. The plant has low nutritional needs and it’s easy to apply a little too much fertilizer. Over-fertilizing Angel's-wings can burn the plant’s sensitive roots resulting in its slow decay. Without its root system, the plant cannot absorb nutrients and moisture.
Like most plants, Angel's-wings has a dormancy period and it is when you want to stop the applications of fertilizer. In the summer and winter, the plant ceases growing, and it is when you want to stop applying fertilizer. It’s also a good idea to cease fertilizing for the first couple of months after repotting in the spring.
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Cultivation:FertilizerDetail
Why do I need to fertilize my Angel's-wings?
Fertilizing Angel's-wings adds nutrients to the growing medium. Even though it does store water and nutrients, applying plant food during the growing season helps support healthy growth. Fertilizing can also encourage mature specimens to produce blooms in the growing season.
Read More more
When is the best time to fertilize my Angel's-wings?
While all plants benefit from additional nutrients, Angel's-wings only needs a light dose of fertilizer during the growing season. The frequency of fertilization should be 1-2 times a year. It is suggested to fertilize your Angel's-wings in the spring and autumn, but not in winter&summer when it is dormant. Be careful with repotted plants, you will want to reduce the amount of fertilizer. It’s also a good idea to wait a couple of months after repotting before you start applying fertilizer.
Read More more
When should I avoid fertilizing my Angel's-wings?
Like most plants, Angel's-wings has a dormancy period and it is when you want to stop the applications of fertilizer. In the summer and winter, the plant ceases growing, and it is when you want to stop applying fertilizer. It’s also a good idea to cease fertilizing for the first couple of months after repotting in the spring.
Read More more
What type of fertilizer does my Angel's-wings need?
It’s best to use a liquid plant food formulated for succulents and cacti when you are fertilizing Angel's-wings. Dilute the fertilizer with water to half-strength. You do not want the fertilizer building up in the soil. Apply the fertilizer to the base of the plant and water thoroughly, ensuring any excess moisture drains from the container or seeps into the ground.
Read More more
How do I fertilize my Angel's-wings?
It is easier to use liquid plant food when you are fertilizing Angel's-wings, but granules are another option. Follow the directions on the packaging, making sure you dilute liquid fertilizers to half-strength. Whether you are using granules are liquid plant food, always apply it to the soil. Cover the granules with a thin layer of soil and water regardless of the type of plant food you are using.
Read More more
What happens if I fertilize my Angel's-wings too much?
Over-fertilizing Angel's-wings is a common problem with new and experienced gardeners. The plant has low nutritional needs and it’s easy to apply a little too much fertilizer. Over-fertilizing Angel's-wings can burn the plant’s sensitive roots resulting in its slow decay. Without its root system, the plant cannot absorb nutrients and moisture.
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Cultivation:SunlightDetail

Sunlight

Angel's-wings is a heliophilic plant and needs sufficient sunlight for its growth and blooming. It can be placed on the outdoor balcony or in the garden without shade. However, long-time exposure to blazing sunlight should be avoided in hot summer, when it needs to be shaded or cooled a little to prevent high temperatures from damaging it.
Cultivation:SunlightDetail
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How much sunlight does Angel's-wings need to grow?
Angel's-wings should get at least 6 hours of sun per day, and preferably more. An actual minimum number of hours can vary depending on the intensity of sunlight and other environmental factors, but it is unlikely that the Angel's-wings will get too much sunlight. They do fine with up to 14 hours of sun per day.
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What type of sunlight does Angel's-wings need?
Angel's-wings needs a lot of bright sunlight. As full-sun plants, they can thrive when given direct light or bright indirect sun. Some types may be able to survive with partial sun, but more sunlight is generally better.
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Should I protect Angel's-wings from sun exposure?
Angel's-wings usually grows in some of the hottest, sunniest places in the world and is well adapted to that kind of environment, so it does not need to be protected from the sun. However, you should be careful about making a sudden move into a very sunny location if your Angel's-wings is not used to it. Plants need time to adapt to different conditions, so start by moving this plant into the sun for a couple of hours at a time each day, then gradually lengthen the amount of sun exposure. Once adapted, most types of Angel's-wings will be fine in full sun and don't need protection.
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What will happen if Angel's-wings doesn't get enough sunlight?
Without enough sunlight, Angel's-wings will fail to thrive and grow. Common symptoms of inadequate sunlight include pale coloring, wilting leaves, and leaf drop. Angel's-wings may also exhibit etiolation (also called legginess). This condition occurs as the plant attempts to stretch toward the light source, leading to a sparse appearance and weak stems.
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What will happen if Angel's-wings gets too much sunlight?
Angel's-wings may develop shades of red, pink, or orange as a means of protection from excess sunlight, so many people like to cause mild sun stress to these plants during the summer. This is not harmful, and they will revert to their normal coloring when light levels decrease from autumn to spring.
If moved too quickly into direct sun, Angel's-wings can suffer from sunburn. This looks like white or brown spots on the uppermost leaves that have been exposed to the most sun. A sunburned plant should be moved to a shadier location and watered if needed. Sun-damaged leaves can be removed, and should be replaced by new growth over time.
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Does Angel's-wings need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?
As with most plants, younger Angel's-wings will be more sensitive to strong sunlight and heat than a mature specimen. They should also be protected from direct sun immediately after being transplanted, either by a shade or by keeping the container in a shadier location until the plant is established and putting out new growth.
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Are there any cautions or tips for sunlight and Angel's-wings?
It is best to water Angel's-wings in the morning, particularly during the summer months. If water sits on the leaves or in the crown of the plant, it can burn the plant when the water heats up. It’s also best not to water in the evening, since cooler overnight temperatures slow evaporation and fungi or bacteria can develop in the moist conditions.
Angel's-wings grown in pots should be rotated occasionally to keep them growing symmetrically. Plants will normally grow toward the light source, so they can develop much more quickly on one side than the other if they are not rotated.
If Angel's-wings is allowed to get dusty, it will not be able to access sunlight to create energy. The dust acts as a barrier, so the plant may show signs of inadequate light even if it’s in a sunny location. Keep the leaves and stems clean by wiping them periodically with a damp cloth to avoid this issue.
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Cultivation:PruningDetail

Pruning

Angel's-wings does not require much pruning. Remove withered flowers and branches so the plant uses nutrients on healthy growth.
Cultivation:PruningDetail
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care_advanced_guide

Advanced Care Guide

Cultivation:WaterAndHardinessDetail

Temperature

Angel's-wings is distributed throughout tropical, subtropical, and semi-desert regions with scarce rainfall, intense sunlight, and hot temperatures. The optimum temperature for growth is 20 to 35 ℃. Lower than 10 ℃ or higher than 35 ℃, growth slows and dormancy begins. The air humidity should not be too high and the environment should be well-ventilated. Avoid high humidity and accumulated water.
Cultivation:WaterAndHardinessDetail
What's the ideal temperature for your Angel's-wings?
It is more suitable to keep the Angel's-wings in a particular range of conditions. Temperatures the same as 75-90℉ (25-32℃) are ideal for it. During the early winter season, the temperature shouldn't go below 75℉(25℃) for Angel's-wings. You can even move it indoors as it will have better protection from the extremes.
Despite that, the Angel's-wings can survive in some extreme temperatures. Sometimes can survive in low temperatures like 50℉ (15℃), but it is not ideal. You should bring it inside if winter conditions are expected outside.
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How should I adjust the temperature for my Angel's-wings during different growing phases?
Angel's-wings has different growing phases. In the first stage, the dormant seed grows and transforms into a seedling. The dormant seeds need the appropriate conditions in their surroundings to grow as their seeds need a temperature of 75-90℉ (25-32℃) to germinate. The ideal time to make it grow vigorously is during the summer, as the most suitable temperature is around 85℉(30℃). You can adjust the placement of your Angel's-wings from indoors to sunlight during the hot summer months to receive enough sunlight.
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How can I keep my Angel's-wings warm in cold seasons?
It's advisable to bring your Angel's-wings indoors to avoid the harsh winter conditions. People opt to buy different types of grow light to provide enough sunlight for the plant. However, if your home is not extremely dark, it is not essential to buy these lights. Keep your plants where they will get the most sunlight possible. There should be sufficient light to keep the Angel's-wings thriving in winter. If you have several Angel's-wings, then keep them rotating so that they all receive enough sunlight.
Avoid placing your Angel's-wings too close to the window if you live in northern areas with frigid weather. The cold may be extreme to them, due to which they might get damaged.
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What happens to my Angel's-wings when the temperature is too high or too low?
Your Angel's-wings can grow better in summers and do better in warm temperatures 90℉(32℃) but you should protect it from temperature extremes during hot climates.
However, during winter, it is better to keep your plant dry. Angel's-wings do well in temperate climates having temperatures between 75-90℉ (25-32℃). However, some gardeners can expose their Angel's-wings to extreme temperatures causing stress in their plants. While high temperatures ranging between 90℉ and 95℉(32-35℃) can help maintain the deep colors for Angel's-wings, you must be careful when trying out such experiment. During the hot summer season extremely high temperatures can burn your Angel's-wings damaging their stem and root system. During the hottest time of the day (when the temperature is extremely high), consider relocating your plant to a shaded place or protect them with a shade cloth.
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How should I adjust the temperature for my Angel's-wings in different seasons?
In summers, high temperatures make the growth of Angel's-wings slowed down to survive in too hot a temperature.
As the cooler periods and rainfall begins, the Angel's-wings starts growing. If the place you live in has hot summers and warm winters with more rainfalls, you aren't required to change anything.
However, if you live in a place with cold winters, you should let your Angel's-wings grow more in summer and rest in winter. It is because there is not enough sunlight for Angel's-wings to grow in winter.
You can help your Angel's-wings enter dormancy if you live in a place with cold temperatures by decreasing the temperature to 50℉ to 75℉ (15℃ to 25℃).
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How can I keep my Angel's-wings warm without a heating pad?
To withstand freezing temperatures outside, as a solution, you can insulate your Angel's-wings with frost cloths, row covers, tents etc. You can also mulch your Angel's-wings with small rocks. Mulching the Angel's-wings soil will provide warmth to your plants and will not let you over-water the plant.
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How can I protect my Angel's-wings from temperature damage?
Angel's-wings is adapted to sunlight and requires sufficient sunlight for healthy growth. You can place it in an outdoor environment without any shade. However, Angel's-wings shouldn't be kept for a long time in the blazing sunlight in the hot summer when it requires to be put under shade so that extreme temperature doesn't damage them. If the winter is extreme in our area, you must keep your Angel's-wings indoors to keep them away from frost.
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What are the tips and precautions for keeping my Angel's-wings at the right temperature?
Increase water and fertilizer during the growth of plants in spring and summer. Prevent your plant from receiving too much sunlight. To cool plants, spray water around them when the temperature is exceptionally high but don't put water on their stem.
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Cultivation:SoilDetail

Soil

Angel's-wings grows best in fertile, gravel-rich, water-permeable soil with a pH value of 6-7. The culture soil formula often used is 60% vermiculite + 20% coco coir or peat moss + 20% sandy soil. A small amount of organic potting soil can also be added. Lightweight culture media such as vermiculite can be added to improve the air permeability of the soil. Eggshell powder or vermicompost can also be added to increase the soil fertility.
Roots of angel's-wings are very sensitive to oxygen deficiency. If the soil is poorly permeable to air and water, root rot can set in. It's easy to judge permeability: when watering, water should pass through the medium quickly, rather than stop at the soil surface and slowly seep down. Repot and loosen the soil every year to ensure the air permeability of the soil.
Cultivation:SoilDetail
Cultivation:PropagationDetail

Propagation

Cultivation:PlantingDetail

Planting

Cultivation:HarvestDetail

Harvest

In addition to the seeding mentioned above, main propagation methods include division and grafting. To divide, cut off the tip or lateral branches of the stem with a knife and plant it in soil. After a period of time, many small shoots will grow up near the cut. When a shoot grows to proper size, it can be cut off and transplanted to form a new plant.
To graft, select a suitable rootstock. Cut the tip of the rootstock, such as the stem of pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus), and then put angel's-wings, with its roots removed, in the center of the rootstock and fix it with a rope. After 1-2 weeks, the two parts grow together and the rope can be removed.

Propagation

If you want to get more plants, you can propagate them as follows.
The active growing season during the spring and summer is the best time to propagate Angel's-wings. During this period, the plants are generating a lot of energy for new growth and should have plenty of stems that can be used for propagation. They can also recover from having cuttings taken during this season than during the slower autumn and winter seasons.
The following are what you need to prepare before propagation can take place.
  1. Sharp scissors or knife
  2. Diluted bleach solution or isopropyl alcohol to clean tools
  3. Pot(s) or nursery tray with drainage holes
  4. Special soil for succulents
  5. Clear plastic bag or a humidity dome for covering cuttings
  6. Rooting hormone (optional but recommended)
  7. Gardening gloves
Steps:
Step 1: Prepare containers by filling them with moistened planting material leaving about half an inch of space from the top of the container.
Step 2: Choose healthy parts for propagation. Cut off healthy stem nodes; the nodes should not be new growth, as this is not easy to succeed. You need to use a clean knife to break or cut off the stem intact at the node location.
Step 3: Leave them for 1-2 weeks, as you need to wait for the cut wounds to dry before taking cuttings. Dip the bottom end of the cutting into rooting powder (if using) according to the directions.
Step 4: Insert the stems into a loose, airy substrate, keeping them tilted, each about one-third of the way into the substrate. Water thoroughly once after planting, after which you need to wait until the soil is dry 2 inches under the surface before watering again.
Step 5: Place it in a location where the cuttings can get light but no direct sunlight, as this can be too intense for cuttings. Water occasionally and do not let the Angel's-wings dry out.
Most species will begin to produce roots in about 3 weeks, After rooting, the plant will gradually grow new leaves, at which time you can start to harden off the Angel's-wings. Hardening off involves gradually exposing the Angel's-wings to more sunlight so that they have time to adjust before being moved permanently outside. Hardening off should usually take about 1 to 2 weeks depending on the outdoor conditions and the type of Angel's-wings. After this period, Angel's-wings can be planted in containers or directly in the ground.
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Cultivation:PropagationDetail
Sow, plant, or repot in spring or fall when the temperature is 15 to 20 ℃ . Keep air humidity high when seeding. Use plastic film to cover the soil and remove it after the seeds germinate.
Use permeable clay flowerpots for potted plants. Too large a flowerpot accumulates water easily, while too small a flowerpot limits the development of roots. Before planting, expose soil to blazing sunlight and disinfect to kill pathogens.
If planted in the garden, angel's-wings prefers an area with full sun and loose soil. Remove all weeds and replace the soil if needed to ensure good water permeability and avoid root rot. Wear gloves or use tongs when planting to prevent your fingers from getting pricked. You can also wrap the plant in a towel to help you move it.
Cultivation:PlantingDetail
Most fruits of angel's-wings are edible. Pick the fruit when they turn red. Avoid food safety issues by confirming the species with experts. Wear gloves or use scissors and other tools to harvest.
Cultivation:HarvestDetail
PlantCare:TransplantSummary

Transplanting

Cultivation:PottingSuggestions

Potting Suggestions

For best results with angel's-wings, opt for a transplant in the early sun-kissed months when growth is vigorous. Choose a sunny, well-drained location to ensure a thriving plant. Extra tip: handle the plant gently to avoid breaking its delicate pads!
PlantCare:TransplantSummary
Needs excellent drainage in pots
Cultivation:PottingSuggestions
care_scenes

More About How-Tos

Explore 6 of plant how-tos on Water, Lighting, Temperature, Transplant, Pollination, etc.
Water
Every 3 weeks
Angel's-wings is native to coastal areas of North America, including the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. This plant thrives in dry, desert-like environments with low rainfall and high temperatures. Its native habitat indicates that it has adapted to drought conditions and requires infrequent watering. It is crucial to mimic its natural environment by providing well-drained soil and allowing the soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
Learn More
Lighting
Full sun
Angel's-wings shows a strong preference for abundant exposure to the sun, yet manages to survive in conditions with moderate sun as well. Its origin habitat conditions have conditioned this sunlight need. Too much or too little light exposure may noticeably affect its healthy growth.
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Temperature
0 43 ℃
Angel's-wings prefers a temperature range of 68 to 100 ℉ (20 to 38 ℃). In its native growth environment, it thrives in warm to hot climates. During colder months, it may benefit from a slightly cooler temperature around 60 to 75 ℉ (15 to 24 ℃) to encourage dormancy and prepare for new growth in the spring.
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Transplant
3-4 feet
For best results with angel's-wings, opt for a transplant in the early sun-kissed months when growth is vigorous. Choose a sunny, well-drained location to ensure a thriving plant. Extra tip: handle the plant gently to avoid breaking its delicate pads!
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Pollination
Normal
Basking under the glow of sun-kissed petals, angel's-wings sways with grace, a beacon for nature's pollinators. Bees, the protagonists of its pollination saga, are lured by the plant's vibrant allure. With an innate ability to sense flower's intricate timing, the bees dance with angel's-wings's blossoming rhythm, participating in a timeless pollination ritual, pivotal to angel's-wings's propogation and survival. Engaging in a mutualistic relationship, angel's-wings and its buzzing benefactors tell a captivating story of ecological interdependence.
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Overwinter
20 ℃
Angel's-wings hails from the arid regions of Central Mexico, perfectly equipped to survive harsh, dry winters. Its thick, water-storing pads function as robust overwintering tools. However, in chillier climates, indoor care is essential for angel's-wings to thrive. The winter care regimen involves positioning angel's-wings in a bright location at around 50°F (10°C) and restraining water supply, imitating its native winter conditions.
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Seasonal Care Tips

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Seasonal Precautions

During peak growth in spring, summer, and fall, increase water and fertilizer. Avoid sunlight exposure in the heat of the summer. Spray water around the plant to cool it down when the temperature is too high, but avoid leaving water on the stem. Avoid water accumulation in the soil. In winter, water it as little as possible or not at all, and stop fertilizer.
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Spring

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Summer

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Fall

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Winter

The plant and similar succulent plants resume growing in the spring after winter dormancy.

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Water the plant once or twice a month when the soil begins drying out.
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An application of a balanced fertilizer every two weeks helps support healthy growth.
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Pruning old growth encourages blooming and branching for a fuller plant.
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Spring is also the time to repot the succulent if necessary.
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Pay attention to the temperature in the early spring, this plant requires warmth and sunlight to resume growing.
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Cutting off a leaf and setting it in a fresh growing medium is an easy way to propagate your plant.

Succulents like this plant are actively growing in the summer.

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Keep an eye on soil moisture levels. Do not allow the soil to completely dry out.
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Continue fertilizing every couple of weeks with all-purpose plant food.
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The plant also requires plenty of sunlight during the day to encourage blooming.
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Prune back the old flowers after blooming at the end of the summer.
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While your plant is actively growing, you can also remove stems for propagation. Place the stem in fresh soil and lightly water it.

While your plant is starting to enter dormancy towards the end of fall, it's still growing for much of the season.

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Continue watering and fertilizing on a regular schedule, but reduce both of these routines as the season winds down and begins reaching dormancy.
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Use an all-purpose fertilizer and water the plant when the soil is dry; make sure to err on the side of dry soil rather than soggy soil.
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Keep making sure your plant receives enough light during this time, particularly during the morning or evening hours, which will help the plant grow well.

During the cold winter months, the plant usually goes into a dormant state.

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Reduce watering your plant in the winter to give it a rest and let it lie dormant. It’s best to keep the plant dry during this season, rather than risk it being soggy.
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Make sure it receives an adequate amount of sunlight, typically in the morning or evening, although it’s not as urgent during dormancy.
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Since these plants don't survive in freezing outdoor temperatures, keep them in sufficiently warm rooms indoors, away from drafts or cold windows.
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For the most part, you can leave these hardy plants to themselves during these colder months.
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Common Pests & Diseases

Common issues for Angel's-wings based on 10 million real cases
Scars
Scars Scars
Scars
Any light-colored markings that appear on stems but which do not enlarge or multiply are simply scars that have healed.
Solutions: Each source of scarring requires a different approach to help your plant recover. Protect the trunk and leaves from physical damage like scrapes. If pests or disease are the cause of scarring, isolate the plant from others to avoid further spread. Some pests can be removed with organic remedies such as a soft cloth and soapy water solution or diluted isopropyl alcohol spray. Stop sunburn by moving your plant away from direct sunlight and making sure it has the water it needs. Frequent leaf or bud loss may be due to insufficient light or nutrients.
Stem rot
Stem rot Stem rot
Stem rot
Bacterial infection can cause the stems to become soft and rotten.
Solutions: If the plant is only infected a little, it can sometimes be saved. This mainly applies to houseplants that are grown in pots. Here's what to do. Remove the plant from the pot and gently shake off as much soil as possible. Using pruning tools that have been disinfected, remove any diseased foliage and roots. Be sure the new pot has good drainage holes and wash it with one part bleach and nine parts water to ensure that it is completely clean and sanitized. Dip the plant's roots in fungicide to kill off any remaining fungal spores before potting into the clean growing medium. Only water the plant when the top inch of the soil is dry and never let the plant sit in water. For plants that are grown in the ground, it's best just to remove the infected plants and destroy them. Do not plant in the same spot until the soil has been allowed to dry out and has been treated with a fungicide.
Low light
Low light Low light
Low light
A lack of sunlight will cause the stems and leaves to elongate and appear lighter in color.
Solutions: Low light can only be addressed by increasing light availability, and these measures will only stop further etoliation; current distortion cannot be reversed. Move plant to a position where it receives more light. Check the requirements for specific species, as too much sunlight can cause a plant to burn. Introduce appropriate artificial lighting. Some people choose to prune the longest stems so the plant can concentrate on healthy new growth under the improved lighting.
Fruit Spot
Fruit Spot Fruit Spot
Fruit Spot
Pathogenic infections can cause spots (typically black or brown) to appear on the fruit.
Solutions: Prune regularly - prune as a preventative measure as well as to remove any plants and plant parts affected by fruit Spot. Improve air circulation and drainage Fertilize as needed Spray applications - there are few programs that are effective at controlling fruit Spot for home growers, but the local cooperative extension may be able to provide information regarding potential chemical treatments if the disease is severe.
Dieback
Dieback Dieback
Dieback
There are several possible causes for dieback.
Solutions: There are a few things to try when dieback becomes apparent: Fertilize and water the plants - these two steps, along with judicious pruning, can help reduce the stress on the root system and encourage renewed vigor Have an arborist check to see if plant roots are girdling Test soil pH and adjust accordingly Remove and destroy infected twigs and branches
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Scars
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Scars
Any light-colored markings that appear on stems but which do not enlarge or multiply are simply scars that have healed.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Scars form when the plant repairs wounds. They can be the result of people or pets passing by and scraping the plant. Once the underlying issue is resolved, the plant will heal but a scar may remain.
Pests and pathogens can also cause scarring. Insects may attack the plant for a meal, resulting in extensive scarring when a few invaders turn into an infestation. Diseases such as fungus and bacteria can weaken the plant, causing brown spots, mushy areas, or blisters that lead to scars.
Scars occur on stems when a leaf or bud has been lost and the plant has healed. The harder tissue is like a scab that protects a wound.
On other occasions, scars can signal problems from environmental conditions, such as overexposure to sunlight or heat. It might surprise you to know that plants can suffer from sunburn, even desert dwellers like cactus!
Solutions
Solutions
Each source of scarring requires a different approach to help your plant recover.
  1. Protect the trunk and leaves from physical damage like scrapes.
  2. If pests or disease are the cause of scarring, isolate the plant from others to avoid further spread. Some pests can be removed with organic remedies such as a soft cloth and soapy water solution or diluted isopropyl alcohol spray.
  3. Stop sunburn by moving your plant away from direct sunlight and making sure it has the water it needs.
  4. Frequent leaf or bud loss may be due to insufficient light or nutrients.
Prevention
Prevention
Preventing some sources of scarring is easier than others, but all start with careful attention to your plants once you decide to bring them home.
  1. Review specific guidelines for your plant, including soil drainage, watering, and fertilizer requirements.
  2. Inspect plants before planting and use sterile pots and fresh potting soil or media to limit transfer of fungi or bacteria.
  3. Once established, check your plants regularly for signs of scarring or the presence of pests, as it is better to catch problems as early as possible.
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Stem rot
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Stem rot
Bacterial infection can cause the stems to become soft and rotten.
Overview
Overview
Stem rot is a serious disease and can affect many different types of plants. it can be particularly prevalent when the temperature of the soil is over 16 ℃ and there's a lot of moisture in the soil. This could be from unusually heavy rainfalls or too much irrigation. Once stem rot sets in, it's very difficult to get rid of the disease and most affected plants will have to be discarded. This is especially the case for vegetables, herbs, and other herbaceous plants that have soft stems. This is why it's important to ensure that the soil used for growing these plants is well-drained and that overwatering is avoided. Using good cultural practices also help in curbing these types of fungal diseases.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Plants that have been affected by stem rot will first display a yellowing of the lower leaves. This is followed by obvious wilting and stunted growth.
If the stem of the affected plant is examined closely, there will be some dark discolorations starting near the base and moving upward. If the roots of affected plants are examined, they will appear dark and mushy instead of white and healthy-looking. Eventually, the entire plant will wilt and die.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Stem rot is caused by a variety of soil-borne fungus pathogens. The type of fungus depends on the species of plant that is affected. Two fungi responsible for stem rot are Rhizoctonia and Fusarium. These fungal pathogens live in soil and migrate to the plant when conditions are optimum. This includes warm, humid weather and excessive soil moisture. Commonly, vegetable seedlings are affected by these fungi.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is another fungus that causes stem rot in plants. This fungus has a host range of over 350 different species of plants. Plants most susceptible to this fungus include many vegetable varieties such as cucumbers, beans, cilantro, carrots, cabbage, melons, lettuce, peas, onions, tomatoes, pumpkins, and squash. This fungus can produce different symptoms in different species. In some cases, the fungus causes irregular spots on stems and other plant material that appear water-soaked. On other plant species, the fungus appears as dry lesions that grow and girdle the stem of the plant.
The third type of fungus that causes stem rot is Phytophthora capsici. Plants that belong to the cucumber family are most susceptible to this fungal infection. This fungus manifests as water-soaked lesions on the stems that then turn brown and girdle the stem.
All of these fungal pathogens are transmitted to the plant by water splashing from the soil up onto the plant. That's because the fungal spores live in the soil where they wait for the right conditions to infect the plants.
Solutions
Solutions
If the plant is only infected a little, it can sometimes be saved. This mainly applies to houseplants that are grown in pots. Here's what to do.
  1. Remove the plant from the pot and gently shake off as much soil as possible.
  2. Using pruning tools that have been disinfected, remove any diseased foliage and roots.
  3. Be sure the new pot has good drainage holes and wash it with one part bleach and nine parts water to ensure that it is completely clean and sanitized.
  4. Dip the plant's roots in fungicide to kill off any remaining fungal spores before potting into the clean growing medium.
  5. Only water the plant when the top inch of the soil is dry and never let the plant sit in water.
For plants that are grown in the ground, it's best just to remove the infected plants and destroy them. Do not plant in the same spot until the soil has been allowed to dry out and has been treated with a fungicide.
Prevention
Prevention
For outdoor gardens:
  1. Raking the garden thoroughly in the springtime will help to cut down on pathogens that may be living in the soil.
  2. Using a copper fungicide on plants in the springtime will cut down on fungal growth and prevent the spread of infection.
  3. Placing a heavy layer of mulch on top of the soil will also prevent pathogens from splashing up onto the stems of plants.
  4. Place plants at the recommended spacing to encourage better air flow between them.
  5. Water plants at the base instead of overhead to prevent excessive moisture on foliage.
For indoor plants:
  1. Avoid overwatering houseplants and ensure the roots do not sit in water.
  2. Make sure that indoor plants receive adequate air circulation and light.
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Low light
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Low light
A lack of sunlight will cause the stems and leaves to elongate and appear lighter in color.
Overview
Overview
All plants require light, and if they do not receive it in the quantities that they require this distorts their growth in a process known as etiolation. In essence, etiolated plants are diverting all of their energy to growing taller in a desperate attempt to reach a position where they can meet their light requirements. Many other growth factors are harmed by this, and so light-deprived plants can become weak and distorted until they are almost unrecognizable. Low light symptoms are most commonly seen in houseplants, but outdoor specimens can also be affected.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Although symptoms will vary in different plants, the general symptoms of low light are easy to spot.
  1. Plant stems grow tall and lanky.
  2. There are less leaves, and both leaves and stems tend to be pale and insipid looking. This is due to a shortage of chlorophyll.
  3. All plant parts become weakened and may droop, as energy is diverted toward too-fast growth as the plant stretches itself toward any source of light.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Plants need sunlight in varying amounts for photosynthesis – a process that produces energy for growth and fruit and flower production. Low light causes a plant to divert all energy to upward (apical) growth in order to find better light. Plant hormones called auxins are transported from the actively-growing tip of the plant downwards, to suppress lateral growth. A drop in cellular pH triggers expansins, nonenzymatic cell wall proteins, to loosen cell walls and allow them to elongate. This elongation results in the abnormal lengthening of stems, especially internodes, or plant "legginess" which is observed in etoliated plants.
Solutions
Solutions
Low light can only be addressed by increasing light availability, and these measures will only stop further etoliation; current distortion cannot be reversed.
  • Move plant to a position where it receives more light. Check the requirements for specific species, as too much sunlight can cause a plant to burn.
  • Introduce appropriate artificial lighting.
  • Some people choose to prune the longest stems so the plant can concentrate on healthy new growth under the improved lighting.
Prevention
Prevention
To avoid etiolation, provide an adequate amount of light from the beginning.
  1. Choose a location that matches each plant's ideal light needs. Many indoor plants do best in or near a south-facing window, which will provide the longest hours of sunlight. Flowering plants and those with colored leaves typically need more light than purely-green plants, as photosynthesis occurs in the green portions of leaves.
  2. Select plants with light needs that match a location's conditions. Some cultivars and varieties require less light than others.
  3. Use a grow light. Darker locations may require artificial illumination. A grow light may also become more necessary during winter, when sunlit hours are at their shortest.
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Fruit Spot
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Fruit Spot
Pathogenic infections can cause spots (typically black or brown) to appear on the fruit.
Overview
Overview
If there are brown or black spots on the unripened fruits of plants, there is a good chance that fruit Spot could be to blame. This is an informal term used to describe several types of diseases that all cause these same symptoms: unattractive spots on fruits and vegetables.
There are a few different culprits behind fruit Spot, including bacterial spot, bacterial speck, and other related diseases (like early blight). Here are some symptoms and potential solutions to consider.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
The symptoms of fruit Spot vary depending on which type of plant is affected as well as by which specific pathogen is to blame. Just about every type of plant can be affected by fruit Spot, including tomatoes, pears, plums, onions, strawberries, celery, peaches, and more.
Here are some examples of potential symptoms:
Small Fruit Spot
Small spots are most commonly associated with bacterial speck.
  • Spots may appear on fruits as well as leaves and other aboveground areas of the plant
  • Small black specks appear on infected fruits (spots are less than 1/16” in diameter)
  • Spots are raised with distinct margins, developing into sunken pits as the fruit matures
  • Fruit tissue near the spot stays green longer than the rest of the fruit
  • Spots are dark brown to black in color, with nearby spots often growing together
Large Fruit Spot
Large spots are often seen on plants suffering from bacterial spot, early blight, and related diseases.
  • Spots are large, sometimes larger than 1.3 cm
  • Some spots may look like targets with a brown to greyish coloration
  • Older spots are black and raised with lobed borders
  • Spots are superficial only, not penetrating into the seed cavity
  • Spots may turn into sunken pits, turning into craters as they get older
  • The skin of the fruit can be cracked and produce a water-soaked border
  • Some spots may ooze a gelatinous substance
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
There are a few culprits behind the fruit Spot. These depend on the pathogen as well as the type of plant. Bacterial speck and bacterial spot are both common diseases that can affect tomatoes, ground cherries, and other plants.
Bacterial speck is caused by Pseudomonas syringae. First discovered in the United States in 1933, it is most common in tomatoes and nearby weeds but can affect other kinds of plants and their fruits, too. It is more prevalent in low temperatures (less than 24 ℃) and high moisture.
Bacterial spot is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria. First discovered in Texas in 1912, this disease is more common in warm weather and conditions of high moisture.
Solutions
Solutions
  • Prune regularly - prune as a preventative measure as well as to remove any plants and plant parts affected by fruit Spot.
  • Improve air circulation and drainage
  • Fertilize as needed
  • Spray applications - there are few programs that are effective at controlling fruit Spot for home growers, but the local cooperative extension may be able to provide information regarding potential chemical treatments if the disease is severe.
Prevention
Prevention
There are several ways to prevent both types of fruit Spot from affecting yields and harvests:
  • Rotate crops - do not plant the same kind of plant in the same spot each year, instead switching out locations every two to three years
  • Use disease-free seeds and transplants - using a hot water treatment to sterilize seeds before planting can also be effective
  • Irrigate early in the day to give plants time to dry off before nightfall
  • Avoid working around plants when they are wet
  • Control weeds
  • Remove debris or plow it under at the end of the growing season
  • Fertilize with higher amounts of nitrogen and use less calcium
  • Plant resistant cultivars when available
  • Do not clip plants when transplanting
  • Dispose of affected plant parts immediately (do not compost)
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Dieback
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Dieback
There are several possible causes for dieback.
Overview
Overview
Dealing with dieback in plants can be tricky, in part because this is both the name of a disease itself and a common symptom of many other types of diseases. Dieback can be characterized by the progressive, gradual death of shoots, twigs, roots, and branches, generally starting first at the tips.
In many cases, dieback is caused by fungi or bacteria. These pathogens can produce cankers, wilts, stem or root rots, and even anthracnose, but the most common symptom, of course, is that various plant parts (or the entire plant) will begin to die back.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
The symptoms of dieback can be gradual or slightly more abrupt. Usually, however, they are slow in developing and tend to be uniform among the various parts of a plant.
Some plants may have more localized symptoms, with all twigs affected or all branches affected but not the rest of the plant. Some potential symptoms include:
  • Dead or dying branches and twigs
  • Dieback that starts in the top of a plant and progresses downward (though it can start lower, especially for conifers)
  • A delayed flush of growth in the spring
  • Leaf margins become scorched
  • Pale green or yellow leaves
  • Leaves that are small or otherwise distorted
  • Early leaf drop
  • Reduced growth of twigs and stems
  • Thinning of crown foliage
  • Production of suckers on trunk and branches
  • Premature fall coloration (in tree species like birch, sweetgum, maple, oak, ash, etc)
The symptoms of dieback can occur within just one season or become worse each and every year.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
There are several types of dieback, each of which has a different cause with which it is associated.
"dieback" as a standalone issue, including the condition known as Staghead, is caused by fungal or bacterial infections. Staghead is a slow dieback that occurs on the upper branches of a tree, named as such because the dead limbs look much like the head of a stag.
Other causes of dieback symptoms include:
  • Cankers or wilts
  • Stem or root rots
  • Nematodes
  • Stem or root boring insects
  • Pavement being placed over root systems
  • Winter injury from cold
  • Salt damage
  • Lack of moisture (or excess of moisture)
  • Lack of an essential nutrient or element
Trees and shrubs that are attacked by insects, exposed to extremely high or low temperatures, or experience severe and frequent fluctuations in soil moisture are the most likely to suffer from dieback. These stress factors alone or in combination with each other can reduce leaf and shoot growth, and progress into death of twigs and branches.
Although any of these issues can lead to dieback, the most serious consequences tend to occur when the roots of a plant are damaged. Similarly, trees and shrubs that are planted improperly or in unfavorable locations are more likely to develop this condition.
Solutions
Solutions
There are a few things to try when dieback becomes apparent:
  • Fertilize and water the plants - these two steps, along with judicious pruning, can help reduce the stress on the root system and encourage renewed vigor
  • Have an arborist check to see if plant roots are girdling
  • Test soil pH and adjust accordingly
  • Remove and destroy infected twigs and branches
Prevention
Prevention
The best way to prevent dieback is to match the plant to the site. Make sure the conditions provided for a new planting match its needs.
  • Plant properly in deep, fertile well-draining soil
  • Make sure plant roots won’t be confined when the plant reaches its mature size
  • Avoid changes to the growing site
  • If soil compaction might be an issue, apply a few inches of wood chips and eliminate traffic over the root area
  • Fertilize and water appropriately
It is also important to avoid potential infection with pathogens that can cause dieback:
  • Avoid binding or wounding the roots and trunk whenever possible
  • Avoid excessive pruning
  • Disinfect all tools before working with plants to reduce the spread of disease
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More About Angel's-wings

Plant Type
Plant Type
Succulent, Shrub
Lifespan
Lifespan
Perennial
Spread
Spread
60 cm
Bloom Time
Bloom Time
Early summer, Mid summer
Flower Color
Flower Color
Yellow
Leaf Color
Leaf Color
Green
Flower Size
Flower Size
2.5 to 5 cm
Plant Height
Plant Height
30 to 100 cm

Name story

Bunny ears cactus
It has become a popular houseplant because it is easy to take care of the plant and it has a cute appearance with great blooms. However, yellow flowers appear rarely. Despite this, it is very popular in cultivation because of the comical resemblance to a rabbit's head. Therefore, it is called bunny ears cactus.

Usages

Garden Use
Angel's-wings adds visual interest and periodic splashes of color when planted in the soil of rock gardens. The yellow flowers, which rarely appear when they are planted in containers, turn into elongated red-purple fruits. They pair well with succulents like Aloe or Agave.
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Common Problems

Why is its fleshy stem thinner and thinner as it grows?

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Thin stems may be caused by insufficient sunlight, insufficient water, or fertilizer deficiency. Move the pot to a brighter place, but avoid sunburn. Increase water and fertilizer.

How do I deal with root or stem rot?

more more
Excess water often leads to root and stem rot. Avoid accumulated water in soil. Prune rotten roots and stems and transplant to a new flowerpot in a well-ventilated place. The soil should be loose and air-permeable as far as possible.

Why doesn't my angel's-wings ever bloom?

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Firstly, it may not be time for the plant to bloom. Time from seedling to blooming can range between 2-20 years or longer. Secondly, the plant may need more sunlight, temperature or fertilizer. Increase the exposure to sunlight and fertilizer appropriately, supplement the fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium, or purchase special fertilizer for promoting blooming of angel's-wings.

Why does angel's-wings turn yellow?

more more
Angel's-wings turns yellow due to overwatering, insufficient sunlight, or pests. Angel's-wings does not require much water, and excess water leads to root anoxia and root rot. Generally, it does not need to be watered often. Water it only when the soil is completely dry. Remember to drain the water in the flowerpot tray. Sunlight can be increased, but avoid direct exposure to blazing sunlight to prevent sunburn. Remove a small amount of pests with alcohol. For large infestations, spray pesticide.
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Caring for a New Plant

new-plant
The following pictures and instructions for succulent plant are aimed to help your plants adapt and thrive in a new environment.
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1
Picking a Healthy Succulent
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Check Its Health

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Whole Plant
Grows compactly with a full shape, no excessive growth, close internodes, and uniform leaf size.
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Leaves
Check the overlapping shaded areas. Even leaf colour, absence of yellowing, brown spots, wilting, or ruffling. No white mouldy spots from mealy bugs in leaf axils or stem.
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Stems
The stem is full and firm to the touch, with no browning or soft rot.
health-trouble

Health Troubleshooting

Whole Plant
trouble-image
Internodes are longer in the upper part, leaves are sparse and smaller on top: increase light intensity or duration.
Stems
trouble-image
The stem is brown and soft: clear out the rotten roots by repotting the plant, place it in a spot with good sunlight. Water every 1-2 weeks with a fungicide.
Leaves
trouble-image
more 1 Uneven leaf color and yellowing: prune yellow leaves and check if there are signs of rot at the base of the plant. Spray with fungicide for severe cases.
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more 2 Brown or yellow spots: place in well-ventilated area, avoid watering leaves, use fungicide spray if severe.
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more 3 Wilted, wrinkled leaves: check if due to overwatering or lack of water, cut off water and re-water after 1 month if due to rot.
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more 4 Leaves falling off easily: due to lack of light or rot, clean up rot, repot in sunny location.
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more 5 Mouldy white spots (mealy bugs): manually remove bugs, treat with soapy water, use chemical insecticides if needed.
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Check Its Growing Conditions

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Soil Check
Soil should be dry, with no foul odors.
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Light Check
Adequate sunlight is essential.
check
Ventilation Check
Ensure good ventilation.
check
Temperature Check
Ensure outdoor temperature is suitable for plants.
condition-trouble

Condition Troubleshooting

check
Soil
Succulent & cactus soil
Soil smells musty or foul: If the soil particles are not large, it is necessary to replace them with more breathable granular soil. After cleaning out the rotted roots and repotting, water once every 1-2 weeks and reduce the amount of water each time.
check
Suitable Light
Full sun, Partial sun
Insufficient light: it may become sick and eventually die. Move the plant to a location with direct light.
Transplant recovery: Succulents can handle full light, except during summer when temperatures are higher than 86℉ (30℃) . Acclimate for 2 weeks and then expose to full light.
check
Ideal Temperature
15℃ to 35℃
Temperature is too low: Move indoor in winter if temperature dips below 40℉ (5℃).
check
Ventilation
Well Ventilated
Non-ventilated environment: can lead to root rot, diseases, and flower drop. Place plants in a well-ventilated location, such as a window.
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2
Adapting Your New Succulent
Step 1
condition-image
Repotting
New succulents can be repotted immediately, except during dormancy. Replace soil if it's not loose and airy. No watering needed after repotting. Summer heat is dormancy time for Sedum, Phyllanthaceae, Tuberous. Winter temperatures are dormancy time for Cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae.
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Step 2
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Pruning
Remove dead/yellow leaves. Keep dead leaves wrapping plant intact. Cut off long, crooked, fallen, or leaning branches. Prune dried roots and tiny fibrous roots if bare-rooted. Pruning roots doesn't harm succulents.
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Step 3
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Watering
No water needed during the first week after repotting or arrival. Then water once a week or according to the plant's habits, usually at intervals of no less than once a week.
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Angel's-wings
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Repotting
Repot new succulents except in dormancy. Use loose soil. No watering after repotting.
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Pruning
Remove dead leaves, cut bad branches. Prune dried roots if bare-rooted.
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Watering
No water first week after repotting. Then, water weekly or per plant habits.
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Sunlight
Full light for succulents except >86℉ (30℃) summer. Acclimate 2 weeks, then full light.
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Soil
If soil has a musty smell, replace it with a more permeable soil, repot and reduce watering frequency.
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Angel's-wings
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Repotting
Repot new succulents except in dormancy. Use loose soil. No watering after repotting.
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Pruning
Remove dead leaves, cut bad branches. Prune dried roots if bare-rooted.
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Watering
No water first week after repotting. Then, water weekly or per plant habits.
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Sunlight
Full light for succulents except >86℉ (30℃) summer. Acclimate 2 weeks, then full light.
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Soil
If soil has a musty smell, replace it with a more permeable soil, repot and reduce watering frequency.
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Angel's-wings
Angel's-wings
Angel's-wings

How to Care for Angel's-wings

Angel's-wings (*Opuntia microdasys*) is a flowering cactus species native to Mexico. Angel's-wings is closely related to Opuntia RFID, which can be differentiated from Opuntia microdasys by its reddish color. Some scientists consider the two cacti to be the same species. This species is also known as the bunny ears cactus, the bunny cactus, or the polka-dot cactus. It is sometimes planted as an ornamental on borders and in gardens.
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Water
Every 3 weeks
Water Water detail
Sunlight
Full sun
Sunlight Sunlight detail
care_basic_guide

Basic Care Guide

Cultivation:WaterDetail

Water

Cultivation:WaterDetail
Angel's-wings is a drought-tolerant plant that does not require frequent watering. Water thoroughly when the soil is completely dry. When potted, water slowly, wait for water to flow out the bottom, and then pour the excess water from the tray to avoid water accumulation.
Spring, summer, and fall are its growing seasons. Water once or twice a week to keep the soil slightly wet. In winter, water less; just keep the soil from drying excessively; usually once a week. Besides, water with rainwater or distilled water rather than tap water.
Tap water contains a lot of calcium, magnesium, and other mineral salts. Long-term use tends to cause soil compaction. Avoid splashing water on its stem when watering to prevent rotting.
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Cultivation:FertilizerDetail

Fertilizer

Cultivation:FertilizerDetail
In growing seasons (namely spring, summer and fall), fertilize angel's-wings once a month with liquid fertilizer. No fertilizer is required in winter. A small amount of slow-release fertilizer can be well mixed into the soil when repotting in spring or fall.
Use nitrogen fertilizer during seedling and phosphate-potassium fertilizer before and after blooming. The fertilizer concentration should be as low as possible. It would be better to apply low-concentrate fertilizer several times rather than to use a high concentration. If the base is yellow and grows slowly, the cause may be excessive fertilizer, and fertilization should be immediately stopped.
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Fertilizer

Often found growing in rock gardens and used in xeriscaping, Angel's-wings adds plenty of interest and texture to the area. It is a slow-growing plant, and this affects its care. Angel's-wings does not require a lot of nutrients to thrive. Knowing when and how to feed your specimen will help ensure you get years of enjoyment from your plant. Fertilizing Angel's-wings adds nutrients to the growing medium. Even though it does store water and nutrients, applying plant food during the growing season helps support healthy growth. Fertilizing can also encourage mature specimens to produce blooms in the growing season.
While all plants benefit from additional nutrients, Angel's-wings only needs a light dose of fertilizer during the growing season. The frequency of fertilization should be 1-2 times a year. It is suggested to fertilize your Angel's-wings in the spring and autumn, but not in winter&summer when it is dormant. Be careful with repotted plants, you will want to reduce the amount of fertilizer. It’s also a good idea to wait a couple of months after repotting before you start applying fertilizer. It’s best to use a liquid plant food formulated for succulents and cacti when you are fertilizing Angel's-wings. Dilute the fertilizer with water to half-strength. You do not want the fertilizer building up in the soil. Apply the fertilizer to the base of the plant and water thoroughly, ensuring any excess moisture drains from the container or seeps into the ground.
It is easier to use liquid plant food when you are fertilizing Angel's-wings, but granules are another option. Follow the directions on the packaging, making sure you dilute liquid fertilizers to half-strength. Whether you are using granules are liquid plant food, always apply it to the soil. Cover the granules with a thin layer of soil and water regardless of the type of plant food you are using.
Over-fertilizing Angel's-wings is a common problem with new and experienced gardeners. The plant has low nutritional needs and it’s easy to apply a little too much fertilizer. Over-fertilizing Angel's-wings can burn the plant’s sensitive roots resulting in its slow decay. Without its root system, the plant cannot absorb nutrients and moisture.
Like most plants, Angel's-wings has a dormancy period and it is when you want to stop the applications of fertilizer. In the summer and winter, the plant ceases growing, and it is when you want to stop applying fertilizer. It’s also a good idea to cease fertilizing for the first couple of months after repotting in the spring.
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Cultivation:SunlightDetail

Sunlight

Cultivation:SunlightDetail
Angel's-wings is a heliophilic plant and needs sufficient sunlight for its growth and blooming. It can be placed on the outdoor balcony or in the garden without shade. However, long-time exposure to blazing sunlight should be avoided in hot summer, when it needs to be shaded or cooled a little to prevent high temperatures from damaging it.
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Cultivation:PruningDetail

Pruning

Cultivation:PruningDetail
Angel's-wings does not require much pruning. Remove withered flowers and branches so the plant uses nutrients on healthy growth.
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Advanced Care Guide

Cultivation:WaterAndHardinessDetail

Temperature

Cultivation:WaterAndHardinessDetail
Angel's-wings is distributed throughout tropical, subtropical, and semi-desert regions with scarce rainfall, intense sunlight, and hot temperatures. The optimum temperature for growth is 20 to 35 ℃. Lower than 10 ℃ or higher than 35 ℃, growth slows and dormancy begins. The air humidity should not be too high and the environment should be well-ventilated. Avoid high humidity and accumulated water.
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Cultivation:SoilDetail

Soil

Cultivation:SoilDetail
Angel's-wings grows best in fertile, gravel-rich, water-permeable soil with a pH value of 6-7. The culture soil formula often used is 60% vermiculite + 20% coco coir or peat moss + 20% sandy soil. A small amount of organic potting soil can also be added. Lightweight culture media such as vermiculite can be added to improve the air permeability of the soil. Eggshell powder or vermicompost can also be added to increase the soil fertility.
Roots of angel's-wings are very sensitive to oxygen deficiency. If the soil is poorly permeable to air and water, root rot can set in. It's easy to judge permeability: when watering, water should pass through the medium quickly, rather than stop at the soil surface and slowly seep down. Repot and loosen the soil every year to ensure the air permeability of the soil.
Cultivation:PropagationDetail

Propagation

Cultivation:PlantingDetail

Planting

Cultivation:HarvestDetail

Harvest

Cultivation:PropagationDetail
In addition to the seeding mentioned above, main propagation methods include division and grafting. To divide, cut off the tip or lateral branches of the stem with a knife and plant it in soil. After a period of time, many small shoots will grow up near the cut. When a shoot grows to proper size, it can be cut off and transplanted to form a new plant.
To graft, select a suitable rootstock. Cut the tip of the rootstock, such as the stem of pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus), and then put angel's-wings, with its roots removed, in the center of the rootstock and fix it with a rope. After 1-2 weeks, the two parts grow together and the rope can be removed.
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Propagation

If you want to get more plants, you can propagate them as follows.
The active growing season during the spring and summer is the best time to propagate Angel's-wings. During this period, the plants are generating a lot of energy for new growth and should have plenty of stems that can be used for propagation. They can also recover from having cuttings taken during this season than during the slower autumn and winter seasons.
The following are what you need to prepare before propagation can take place.
  1. Sharp scissors or knife
  2. Diluted bleach solution or isopropyl alcohol to clean tools
  3. Pot(s) or nursery tray with drainage holes
  4. Special soil for succulents
  5. Clear plastic bag or a humidity dome for covering cuttings
  6. Rooting hormone (optional but recommended)
  7. Gardening gloves
Steps:
Step 1: Prepare containers by filling them with moistened planting material leaving about half an inch of space from the top of the container.
Step 2: Choose healthy parts for propagation. Cut off healthy stem nodes; the nodes should not be new growth, as this is not easy to succeed. You need to use a clean knife to break or cut off the stem intact at the node location.
Step 3: Leave them for 1-2 weeks, as you need to wait for the cut wounds to dry before taking cuttings. Dip the bottom end of the cutting into rooting powder (if using) according to the directions.
Step 4: Insert the stems into a loose, airy substrate, keeping them tilted, each about one-third of the way into the substrate. Water thoroughly once after planting, after which you need to wait until the soil is dry 2 inches under the surface before watering again.
Step 5: Place it in a location where the cuttings can get light but no direct sunlight, as this can be too intense for cuttings. Water occasionally and do not let the Angel's-wings dry out.
Most species will begin to produce roots in about 3 weeks, After rooting, the plant will gradually grow new leaves, at which time you can start to harden off the Angel's-wings. Hardening off involves gradually exposing the Angel's-wings to more sunlight so that they have time to adjust before being moved permanently outside. Hardening off should usually take about 1 to 2 weeks depending on the outdoor conditions and the type of Angel's-wings. After this period, Angel's-wings can be planted in containers or directly in the ground.
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Cultivation:PlantingDetail
Sow, plant, or repot in spring or fall when the temperature is 15 to 20 ℃ . Keep air humidity high when seeding. Use plastic film to cover the soil and remove it after the seeds germinate.
Use permeable clay flowerpots for potted plants. Too large a flowerpot accumulates water easily, while too small a flowerpot limits the development of roots. Before planting, expose soil to blazing sunlight and disinfect to kill pathogens.
If planted in the garden, angel's-wings prefers an area with full sun and loose soil. Remove all weeds and replace the soil if needed to ensure good water permeability and avoid root rot. Wear gloves or use tongs when planting to prevent your fingers from getting pricked. You can also wrap the plant in a towel to help you move it.
Cultivation:HarvestDetail
Most fruits of angel's-wings are edible. Pick the fruit when they turn red. Avoid food safety issues by confirming the species with experts. Wear gloves or use scissors and other tools to harvest.
PlantCare:TransplantSummary

Transplanting

Cultivation:PottingSuggestions

Potting Suggestions

PlantCare:TransplantSummary
For best results with angel's-wings, opt for a transplant in the early sun-kissed months when growth is vigorous. Choose a sunny, well-drained location to ensure a thriving plant. Extra tip: handle the plant gently to avoid breaking its delicate pads!
Cultivation:PottingSuggestions
Needs excellent drainage in pots
care_seasonal_tips

Seasonal Care Tips

seasonal-tip

Seasonal Precautions

During peak growth in spring, summer, and fall, increase water and fertilizer. Avoid sunlight exposure in the heat of the summer. Spray water around the plant to cool it down when the temperature is too high, but avoid leaving water on the stem. Avoid water accumulation in the soil. In winter, water it as little as possible or not at all, and stop fertilizer.
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Spring

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Summer

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Fall

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Winter

The plant and similar succulent plants resume growing in the spring after winter dormancy.

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1
Water the plant once or twice a month when the soil begins drying out.
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2
An application of a balanced fertilizer every two weeks helps support healthy growth.
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3
Pruning old growth encourages blooming and branching for a fuller plant.
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4
Spring is also the time to repot the succulent if necessary.
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5
Pay attention to the temperature in the early spring, this plant requires warmth and sunlight to resume growing.
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6
Cutting off a leaf and setting it in a fresh growing medium is an easy way to propagate your plant.

Succulents like this plant are actively growing in the summer.

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Keep an eye on soil moisture levels. Do not allow the soil to completely dry out.
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Continue fertilizing every couple of weeks with all-purpose plant food.
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The plant also requires plenty of sunlight during the day to encourage blooming.
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Prune back the old flowers after blooming at the end of the summer.
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5
While your plant is actively growing, you can also remove stems for propagation. Place the stem in fresh soil and lightly water it.

While your plant is starting to enter dormancy towards the end of fall, it's still growing for much of the season.

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Continue watering and fertilizing on a regular schedule, but reduce both of these routines as the season winds down and begins reaching dormancy.
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Use an all-purpose fertilizer and water the plant when the soil is dry; make sure to err on the side of dry soil rather than soggy soil.
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3
Keep making sure your plant receives enough light during this time, particularly during the morning or evening hours, which will help the plant grow well.

During the cold winter months, the plant usually goes into a dormant state.

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1
Reduce watering your plant in the winter to give it a rest and let it lie dormant. It’s best to keep the plant dry during this season, rather than risk it being soggy.
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Make sure it receives an adequate amount of sunlight, typically in the morning or evening, although it’s not as urgent during dormancy.
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3
Since these plants don't survive in freezing outdoor temperatures, keep them in sufficiently warm rooms indoors, away from drafts or cold windows.
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4
For the most part, you can leave these hardy plants to themselves during these colder months.
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Common Pests & Diseases

Common issues for Angel's-wings based on 10 million real cases
Scars
Scars  Scars  Scars
Any light-colored markings that appear on stems but which do not enlarge or multiply are simply scars that have healed.
Solutions: Each source of scarring requires a different approach to help your plant recover. Protect the trunk and leaves from physical damage like scrapes. If pests or disease are the cause of scarring, isolate the plant from others to avoid further spread. Some pests can be removed with organic remedies such as a soft cloth and soapy water solution or diluted isopropyl alcohol spray. Stop sunburn by moving your plant away from direct sunlight and making sure it has the water it needs. Frequent leaf or bud loss may be due to insufficient light or nutrients.
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Stem rot
Stem rot  Stem rot  Stem rot
Bacterial infection can cause the stems to become soft and rotten.
Solutions: If the plant is only infected a little, it can sometimes be saved. This mainly applies to houseplants that are grown in pots. Here's what to do. Remove the plant from the pot and gently shake off as much soil as possible. Using pruning tools that have been disinfected, remove any diseased foliage and roots. Be sure the new pot has good drainage holes and wash it with one part bleach and nine parts water to ensure that it is completely clean and sanitized. Dip the plant's roots in fungicide to kill off any remaining fungal spores before potting into the clean growing medium. Only water the plant when the top inch of the soil is dry and never let the plant sit in water. For plants that are grown in the ground, it's best just to remove the infected plants and destroy them. Do not plant in the same spot until the soil has been allowed to dry out and has been treated with a fungicide.
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Low light
Low light  Low light  Low light
A lack of sunlight will cause the stems and leaves to elongate and appear lighter in color.
Solutions: Low light can only be addressed by increasing light availability, and these measures will only stop further etoliation; current distortion cannot be reversed. Move plant to a position where it receives more light. Check the requirements for specific species, as too much sunlight can cause a plant to burn. Introduce appropriate artificial lighting. Some people choose to prune the longest stems so the plant can concentrate on healthy new growth under the improved lighting.
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Fruit Spot
Fruit Spot  Fruit Spot  Fruit Spot
Pathogenic infections can cause spots (typically black or brown) to appear on the fruit.
Solutions: Prune regularly - prune as a preventative measure as well as to remove any plants and plant parts affected by fruit Spot. Improve air circulation and drainage Fertilize as needed Spray applications - there are few programs that are effective at controlling fruit Spot for home growers, but the local cooperative extension may be able to provide information regarding potential chemical treatments if the disease is severe.
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Dieback
Dieback  Dieback  Dieback
There are several possible causes for dieback.
Solutions: There are a few things to try when dieback becomes apparent: Fertilize and water the plants - these two steps, along with judicious pruning, can help reduce the stress on the root system and encourage renewed vigor Have an arborist check to see if plant roots are girdling Test soil pH and adjust accordingly Remove and destroy infected twigs and branches
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Scars
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Scars
Any light-colored markings that appear on stems but which do not enlarge or multiply are simply scars that have healed.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Scars form when the plant repairs wounds. They can be the result of people or pets passing by and scraping the plant. Once the underlying issue is resolved, the plant will heal but a scar may remain.
Pests and pathogens can also cause scarring. Insects may attack the plant for a meal, resulting in extensive scarring when a few invaders turn into an infestation. Diseases such as fungus and bacteria can weaken the plant, causing brown spots, mushy areas, or blisters that lead to scars.
Scars occur on stems when a leaf or bud has been lost and the plant has healed. The harder tissue is like a scab that protects a wound.
On other occasions, scars can signal problems from environmental conditions, such as overexposure to sunlight or heat. It might surprise you to know that plants can suffer from sunburn, even desert dwellers like cactus!
Solutions
Solutions
Each source of scarring requires a different approach to help your plant recover.
  1. Protect the trunk and leaves from physical damage like scrapes.
  2. If pests or disease are the cause of scarring, isolate the plant from others to avoid further spread. Some pests can be removed with organic remedies such as a soft cloth and soapy water solution or diluted isopropyl alcohol spray.
  3. Stop sunburn by moving your plant away from direct sunlight and making sure it has the water it needs.
  4. Frequent leaf or bud loss may be due to insufficient light or nutrients.
Prevention
Prevention
Preventing some sources of scarring is easier than others, but all start with careful attention to your plants once you decide to bring them home.
  1. Review specific guidelines for your plant, including soil drainage, watering, and fertilizer requirements.
  2. Inspect plants before planting and use sterile pots and fresh potting soil or media to limit transfer of fungi or bacteria.
  3. Once established, check your plants regularly for signs of scarring or the presence of pests, as it is better to catch problems as early as possible.
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Stem rot
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Stem rot
Bacterial infection can cause the stems to become soft and rotten.
Overview
Overview
Stem rot is a serious disease and can affect many different types of plants. it can be particularly prevalent when the temperature of the soil is over 16 ℃ and there's a lot of moisture in the soil. This could be from unusually heavy rainfalls or too much irrigation. Once stem rot sets in, it's very difficult to get rid of the disease and most affected plants will have to be discarded. This is especially the case for vegetables, herbs, and other herbaceous plants that have soft stems. This is why it's important to ensure that the soil used for growing these plants is well-drained and that overwatering is avoided. Using good cultural practices also help in curbing these types of fungal diseases.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Plants that have been affected by stem rot will first display a yellowing of the lower leaves. This is followed by obvious wilting and stunted growth.
If the stem of the affected plant is examined closely, there will be some dark discolorations starting near the base and moving upward. If the roots of affected plants are examined, they will appear dark and mushy instead of white and healthy-looking. Eventually, the entire plant will wilt and die.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Stem rot is caused by a variety of soil-borne fungus pathogens. The type of fungus depends on the species of plant that is affected. Two fungi responsible for stem rot are Rhizoctonia and Fusarium. These fungal pathogens live in soil and migrate to the plant when conditions are optimum. This includes warm, humid weather and excessive soil moisture. Commonly, vegetable seedlings are affected by these fungi.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is another fungus that causes stem rot in plants. This fungus has a host range of over 350 different species of plants. Plants most susceptible to this fungus include many vegetable varieties such as cucumbers, beans, cilantro, carrots, cabbage, melons, lettuce, peas, onions, tomatoes, pumpkins, and squash. This fungus can produce different symptoms in different species. In some cases, the fungus causes irregular spots on stems and other plant material that appear water-soaked. On other plant species, the fungus appears as dry lesions that grow and girdle the stem of the plant.
The third type of fungus that causes stem rot is Phytophthora capsici. Plants that belong to the cucumber family are most susceptible to this fungal infection. This fungus manifests as water-soaked lesions on the stems that then turn brown and girdle the stem.
All of these fungal pathogens are transmitted to the plant by water splashing from the soil up onto the plant. That's because the fungal spores live in the soil where they wait for the right conditions to infect the plants.
Solutions
Solutions
If the plant is only infected a little, it can sometimes be saved. This mainly applies to houseplants that are grown in pots. Here's what to do.
  1. Remove the plant from the pot and gently shake off as much soil as possible.
  2. Using pruning tools that have been disinfected, remove any diseased foliage and roots.
  3. Be sure the new pot has good drainage holes and wash it with one part bleach and nine parts water to ensure that it is completely clean and sanitized.
  4. Dip the plant's roots in fungicide to kill off any remaining fungal spores before potting into the clean growing medium.
  5. Only water the plant when the top inch of the soil is dry and never let the plant sit in water.
For plants that are grown in the ground, it's best just to remove the infected plants and destroy them. Do not plant in the same spot until the soil has been allowed to dry out and has been treated with a fungicide.
Prevention
Prevention
For outdoor gardens:
  1. Raking the garden thoroughly in the springtime will help to cut down on pathogens that may be living in the soil.
  2. Using a copper fungicide on plants in the springtime will cut down on fungal growth and prevent the spread of infection.
  3. Placing a heavy layer of mulch on top of the soil will also prevent pathogens from splashing up onto the stems of plants.
  4. Place plants at the recommended spacing to encourage better air flow between them.
  5. Water plants at the base instead of overhead to prevent excessive moisture on foliage.
For indoor plants:
  1. Avoid overwatering houseplants and ensure the roots do not sit in water.
  2. Make sure that indoor plants receive adequate air circulation and light.
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Low light
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Low light
A lack of sunlight will cause the stems and leaves to elongate and appear lighter in color.
Overview
Overview
All plants require light, and if they do not receive it in the quantities that they require this distorts their growth in a process known as etiolation. In essence, etiolated plants are diverting all of their energy to growing taller in a desperate attempt to reach a position where they can meet their light requirements. Many other growth factors are harmed by this, and so light-deprived plants can become weak and distorted until they are almost unrecognizable. Low light symptoms are most commonly seen in houseplants, but outdoor specimens can also be affected.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Although symptoms will vary in different plants, the general symptoms of low light are easy to spot.
  1. Plant stems grow tall and lanky.
  2. There are less leaves, and both leaves and stems tend to be pale and insipid looking. This is due to a shortage of chlorophyll.
  3. All plant parts become weakened and may droop, as energy is diverted toward too-fast growth as the plant stretches itself toward any source of light.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Plants need sunlight in varying amounts for photosynthesis – a process that produces energy for growth and fruit and flower production. Low light causes a plant to divert all energy to upward (apical) growth in order to find better light. Plant hormones called auxins are transported from the actively-growing tip of the plant downwards, to suppress lateral growth. A drop in cellular pH triggers expansins, nonenzymatic cell wall proteins, to loosen cell walls and allow them to elongate. This elongation results in the abnormal lengthening of stems, especially internodes, or plant "legginess" which is observed in etoliated plants.
Solutions
Solutions
Low light can only be addressed by increasing light availability, and these measures will only stop further etoliation; current distortion cannot be reversed.
  • Move plant to a position where it receives more light. Check the requirements for specific species, as too much sunlight can cause a plant to burn.
  • Introduce appropriate artificial lighting.
  • Some people choose to prune the longest stems so the plant can concentrate on healthy new growth under the improved lighting.
Prevention
Prevention
To avoid etiolation, provide an adequate amount of light from the beginning.
  1. Choose a location that matches each plant's ideal light needs. Many indoor plants do best in or near a south-facing window, which will provide the longest hours of sunlight. Flowering plants and those with colored leaves typically need more light than purely-green plants, as photosynthesis occurs in the green portions of leaves.
  2. Select plants with light needs that match a location's conditions. Some cultivars and varieties require less light than others.
  3. Use a grow light. Darker locations may require artificial illumination. A grow light may also become more necessary during winter, when sunlit hours are at their shortest.
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Fruit Spot
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Fruit Spot
Pathogenic infections can cause spots (typically black or brown) to appear on the fruit.
Overview
Overview
If there are brown or black spots on the unripened fruits of plants, there is a good chance that fruit Spot could be to blame. This is an informal term used to describe several types of diseases that all cause these same symptoms: unattractive spots on fruits and vegetables.
There are a few different culprits behind fruit Spot, including bacterial spot, bacterial speck, and other related diseases (like early blight). Here are some symptoms and potential solutions to consider.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
The symptoms of fruit Spot vary depending on which type of plant is affected as well as by which specific pathogen is to blame. Just about every type of plant can be affected by fruit Spot, including tomatoes, pears, plums, onions, strawberries, celery, peaches, and more.
Here are some examples of potential symptoms:
Small Fruit Spot
Small spots are most commonly associated with bacterial speck.
  • Spots may appear on fruits as well as leaves and other aboveground areas of the plant
  • Small black specks appear on infected fruits (spots are less than 1/16” in diameter)
  • Spots are raised with distinct margins, developing into sunken pits as the fruit matures
  • Fruit tissue near the spot stays green longer than the rest of the fruit
  • Spots are dark brown to black in color, with nearby spots often growing together
Large Fruit Spot
Large spots are often seen on plants suffering from bacterial spot, early blight, and related diseases.
  • Spots are large, sometimes larger than 1.3 cm
  • Some spots may look like targets with a brown to greyish coloration
  • Older spots are black and raised with lobed borders
  • Spots are superficial only, not penetrating into the seed cavity
  • Spots may turn into sunken pits, turning into craters as they get older
  • The skin of the fruit can be cracked and produce a water-soaked border
  • Some spots may ooze a gelatinous substance
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
There are a few culprits behind the fruit Spot. These depend on the pathogen as well as the type of plant. Bacterial speck and bacterial spot are both common diseases that can affect tomatoes, ground cherries, and other plants.
Bacterial speck is caused by Pseudomonas syringae. First discovered in the United States in 1933, it is most common in tomatoes and nearby weeds but can affect other kinds of plants and their fruits, too. It is more prevalent in low temperatures (less than 24 ℃) and high moisture.
Bacterial spot is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria. First discovered in Texas in 1912, this disease is more common in warm weather and conditions of high moisture.
Solutions
Solutions
  • Prune regularly - prune as a preventative measure as well as to remove any plants and plant parts affected by fruit Spot.
  • Improve air circulation and drainage
  • Fertilize as needed
  • Spray applications - there are few programs that are effective at controlling fruit Spot for home growers, but the local cooperative extension may be able to provide information regarding potential chemical treatments if the disease is severe.
Prevention
Prevention
There are several ways to prevent both types of fruit Spot from affecting yields and harvests:
  • Rotate crops - do not plant the same kind of plant in the same spot each year, instead switching out locations every two to three years
  • Use disease-free seeds and transplants - using a hot water treatment to sterilize seeds before planting can also be effective
  • Irrigate early in the day to give plants time to dry off before nightfall
  • Avoid working around plants when they are wet
  • Control weeds
  • Remove debris or plow it under at the end of the growing season
  • Fertilize with higher amounts of nitrogen and use less calcium
  • Plant resistant cultivars when available
  • Do not clip plants when transplanting
  • Dispose of affected plant parts immediately (do not compost)
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Dieback
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Dieback
There are several possible causes for dieback.
Overview
Overview
Dealing with dieback in plants can be tricky, in part because this is both the name of a disease itself and a common symptom of many other types of diseases. Dieback can be characterized by the progressive, gradual death of shoots, twigs, roots, and branches, generally starting first at the tips.
In many cases, dieback is caused by fungi or bacteria. These pathogens can produce cankers, wilts, stem or root rots, and even anthracnose, but the most common symptom, of course, is that various plant parts (or the entire plant) will begin to die back.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
The symptoms of dieback can be gradual or slightly more abrupt. Usually, however, they are slow in developing and tend to be uniform among the various parts of a plant.
Some plants may have more localized symptoms, with all twigs affected or all branches affected but not the rest of the plant. Some potential symptoms include:
  • Dead or dying branches and twigs
  • Dieback that starts in the top of a plant and progresses downward (though it can start lower, especially for conifers)
  • A delayed flush of growth in the spring
  • Leaf margins become scorched
  • Pale green or yellow leaves
  • Leaves that are small or otherwise distorted
  • Early leaf drop
  • Reduced growth of twigs and stems
  • Thinning of crown foliage
  • Production of suckers on trunk and branches
  • Premature fall coloration (in tree species like birch, sweetgum, maple, oak, ash, etc)
The symptoms of dieback can occur within just one season or become worse each and every year.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
There are several types of dieback, each of which has a different cause with which it is associated.
"dieback" as a standalone issue, including the condition known as Staghead, is caused by fungal or bacterial infections. Staghead is a slow dieback that occurs on the upper branches of a tree, named as such because the dead limbs look much like the head of a stag.
Other causes of dieback symptoms include:
  • Cankers or wilts
  • Stem or root rots
  • Nematodes
  • Stem or root boring insects
  • Pavement being placed over root systems
  • Winter injury from cold
  • Salt damage
  • Lack of moisture (or excess of moisture)
  • Lack of an essential nutrient or element
Trees and shrubs that are attacked by insects, exposed to extremely high or low temperatures, or experience severe and frequent fluctuations in soil moisture are the most likely to suffer from dieback. These stress factors alone or in combination with each other can reduce leaf and shoot growth, and progress into death of twigs and branches.
Although any of these issues can lead to dieback, the most serious consequences tend to occur when the roots of a plant are damaged. Similarly, trees and shrubs that are planted improperly or in unfavorable locations are more likely to develop this condition.
Solutions
Solutions
There are a few things to try when dieback becomes apparent:
  • Fertilize and water the plants - these two steps, along with judicious pruning, can help reduce the stress on the root system and encourage renewed vigor
  • Have an arborist check to see if plant roots are girdling
  • Test soil pH and adjust accordingly
  • Remove and destroy infected twigs and branches
Prevention
Prevention
The best way to prevent dieback is to match the plant to the site. Make sure the conditions provided for a new planting match its needs.
  • Plant properly in deep, fertile well-draining soil
  • Make sure plant roots won’t be confined when the plant reaches its mature size
  • Avoid changes to the growing site
  • If soil compaction might be an issue, apply a few inches of wood chips and eliminate traffic over the root area
  • Fertilize and water appropriately
It is also important to avoid potential infection with pathogens that can cause dieback:
  • Avoid binding or wounding the roots and trunk whenever possible
  • Avoid excessive pruning
  • Disinfect all tools before working with plants to reduce the spread of disease
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More About Angel's-wings

Plant Type
Plant Type
Succulent, Shrub
Lifespan
Lifespan
Perennial
Spread
Spread
60 cm
Bloom Time
Bloom Time
Early summer, Mid summer
Flower Color
Flower Color
Yellow
Leaf Color
Leaf Color
Green
Flower Size
Flower Size
2.5 to 5 cm
Plant Height
Plant Height
30 to 100 cm

Name story

Bunny ears cactus
It has become a popular houseplant because it is easy to take care of the plant and it has a cute appearance with great blooms. However, yellow flowers appear rarely. Despite this, it is very popular in cultivation because of the comical resemblance to a rabbit's head. Therefore, it is called bunny ears cactus.

Usages

Garden Use
Angel's-wings adds visual interest and periodic splashes of color when planted in the soil of rock gardens. The yellow flowers, which rarely appear when they are planted in containers, turn into elongated red-purple fruits. They pair well with succulents like Aloe or Agave.
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Common Problems

Why is its fleshy stem thinner and thinner as it grows?

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Thin stems may be caused by insufficient sunlight, insufficient water, or fertilizer deficiency. Move the pot to a brighter place, but avoid sunburn. Increase water and fertilizer.

How do I deal with root or stem rot?

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Excess water often leads to root and stem rot. Avoid accumulated water in soil. Prune rotten roots and stems and transplant to a new flowerpot in a well-ventilated place. The soil should be loose and air-permeable as far as possible.

Why doesn't my angel's-wings ever bloom?

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Firstly, it may not be time for the plant to bloom. Time from seedling to blooming can range between 2-20 years or longer. Secondly, the plant may need more sunlight, temperature or fertilizer. Increase the exposure to sunlight and fertilizer appropriately, supplement the fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium, or purchase special fertilizer for promoting blooming of angel's-wings.

Why does angel's-wings turn yellow?

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Angel's-wings turns yellow due to overwatering, insufficient sunlight, or pests. Angel's-wings does not require much water, and excess water leads to root anoxia and root rot. Generally, it does not need to be watered often. Water it only when the soil is completely dry. Remember to drain the water in the flowerpot tray. Sunlight can be increased, but avoid direct exposure to blazing sunlight to prevent sunburn. Remove a small amount of pests with alcohol. For large infestations, spray pesticide.
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Caring for a New Plant

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The following pictures and instructions for succulent plant are aimed to help your plants adapt and thrive in a new environment.
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1
Picking a Healthy Succulent
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Check Its Health

part
Whole Plant
Grows compactly with a full shape, no excessive growth, close internodes, and uniform leaf size.
part
Leaves
Check the overlapping shaded areas. Even leaf colour, absence of yellowing, brown spots, wilting, or ruffling. No white mouldy spots from mealy bugs in leaf axils or stem.
part
Stems
The stem is full and firm to the touch, with no browning or soft rot.
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Health Troubleshooting

Whole Plant
Stems
Leaves
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Internodes are longer in the upper part, leaves are sparse and smaller on top: increase light intensity or duration.
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The stem is brown and soft: clear out the rotten roots by repotting the plant, place it in a spot with good sunlight. Water every 1-2 weeks with a fungicide.
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more 1 Uneven leaf color and yellowing: prune yellow leaves and check if there are signs of rot at the base of the plant. Spray with fungicide for severe cases.
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more 2 Brown or yellow spots: place in well-ventilated area, avoid watering leaves, use fungicide spray if severe.
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more 3 Wilted, wrinkled leaves: check if due to overwatering or lack of water, cut off water and re-water after 1 month if due to rot.
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more 4 Leaves falling off easily: due to lack of light or rot, clean up rot, repot in sunny location.
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more 5 Mouldy white spots (mealy bugs): manually remove bugs, treat with soapy water, use chemical insecticides if needed.
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Check Its Growing Conditions

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Soil Check
Soil should be dry, with no foul odors.
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Light Check
Adequate sunlight is essential.
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Ventilation Check
Ensure good ventilation.
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Temperature Check
Ensure outdoor temperature is suitable for plants.
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Condition Troubleshooting

Soil
Suitable Light
Ideal Temperature
Ventilation
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Succulent & cactus soil
Soil
Soil smells musty or foul: If the soil particles are not large, it is necessary to replace them with more breathable granular soil. After cleaning out the rotted roots and repotting, water once every 1-2 weeks and reduce the amount of water each time.
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Full sun, Partial sun
Suitable Light
Insufficient light: it may become sick and eventually die. Move the plant to a location with direct light.
Transplant recovery: Succulents can handle full light, except during summer when temperatures are higher than 86℉ (30℃) . Acclimate for 2 weeks and then expose to full light.
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15℃ to 35℃
Ideal Temperature
Temperature is too low: Move indoor in winter if temperature dips below 40℉ (5℃).
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Well Ventilated
Ventilation
Non-ventilated environment: can lead to root rot, diseases, and flower drop. Place plants in a well-ventilated location, such as a window.
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2
Adapting Your New Succulent
Step 1
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Repotting
New succulents can be repotted immediately, except during dormancy. Replace soil if it's not loose and airy. No watering needed after repotting. Summer heat is dormancy time for Sedum, Phyllanthaceae, Tuberous. Winter temperatures are dormancy time for Cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae.
Step 2
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Pruning
Remove dead/yellow leaves. Keep dead leaves wrapping plant intact. Cut off long, crooked, fallen, or leaning branches. Prune dried roots and tiny fibrous roots if bare-rooted. Pruning roots doesn't harm succulents.
Step 3
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Watering
No water needed during the first week after repotting or arrival. Then water once a week or according to the plant's habits, usually at intervals of no less than once a week.
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Angel's-wings Watering Instructions
Angel's-wings is native to coastal areas of North America, including the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. This plant thrives in dry, desert-like environments with low rainfall and high temperatures. Its native habitat indicates that it has adapted to drought conditions and requires infrequent watering. It is crucial to mimic its natural environment by providing well-drained soil and allowing the soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
When Should I Water My Angel's-wings?
Importance
Timely watering is crucial for the overall health and growth of angel's-wings. This plant is a cactus species and is adapted to survive in arid conditions, but neglecting to provide water when needed can hamper its growth and negatively affect its appearance.
Dry Soil
One of the primary indicators that it's time to water angel's-wings is when the soil in the pot is completely dry. Over watering can cause root rot, so it's essential to wait until the soil has thoroughly dried before watering.
Shrivelled Pads
Angel's-wings has round, flat pads which can start to shrivel or look deflated as the plant dehydrates. If this is noticed, it's likely the plant needs water.
Soft Pads
Another signal can be the softness of the pads. In a healthy state, the pads of angel's-wings are firm. If they start to feel soft to the touch, it indicates water is required.
Yellowing or Browning
Angel's-wings is usually beautifully green. If the pads start turning yellow or brown, it may be an indicator of underwatering or overwatering. Thoroughly dry soil accompanied by yellowing or browning usually suggests the need for watering.
Risks
Watering angel's-wings too early or too late can have serious consequences. Watering before the soil has completely dried can lead to root rot and eventually kill the plant. Similarly, failing to water the plant after these signs appear can weaken the plant, affect its growth, or potentially cause it to die from dehydration.
How Should I Water My Angel's-wings?
Watering Requirements
Angel's-wings has specific watering needs and sensitivities that should be considered for optimal hydration. It is a desert plant and is adapted to survive in arid conditions, so it has a low water requirement.
Watering Technique
One effective technique for watering angel's-wings is the soak and dry method. This involves thoroughly watering the plant until water runs out of the drainage holes, and then allowing the soil to dry out completely before watering again. This mimics the natural rainfall patterns in desert environments and helps prevent overwatering.
Watering Can Type
When using a watering can, it is recommended to choose one with a narrow spout to direct the water flow directly to the base of the plant. This helps to avoid wetting the spiky foliage excessively and promotes targeted hydration at the root level.
Moisture Meter
Using a moisture meter can be beneficial for determining the moisture levels in the soil. This can help prevent both underwatering and overwatering, as the meter provides an accurate reading of the soil moisture content.
Avoiding Foliage
When watering angel's-wings, it is important to avoid wetting the foliage excessively. This can lead to rot and fungal diseases. Instead, focus on watering the soil directly at the base of the plant.
Bottom-Watering
Bottom-watering can be an effective method for angel's-wings. This involves placing the plant pot in a tray or saucer filled with water and allowing the roots to absorb water from the bottom up. This ensures the roots receive adequate moisture without saturating the surface of the soil.
How Much Water Does Angel's-wings Really Need?
Natural Habitat and Water Needs
Angel's-wings's native habitat is found mainly in the deserts of Mexico. Here, it survives in regions of extreme heat and scarce rainfall. Notably, during long dry spells, this plant can survive with little to no water. This should be a guiding principle while watering your angel's-wings - less is more.
Optimal Water Quantity
Angel's-wings is a type of cacti, and like most cacti, it requires minimal watering. The precise amount of water needed will largely depend on the size and depth of your pot, as well as the size of the plant itself. As a general rule, a good soaking that ensures water has reached the bottom of the pot once every few weeks should be adequate. Remember, the key is to allow the soil to dry out completely between watering sessions to mimic its natural habitat conditions.
Signs and Conditions of Proper Watering
If angel's-wings has received the optimal amount of water, the cacti should display healthy, full pads. When under-watered, angel's-wings pads may begin to shrivel and lose their vibrancy. Overwatering, on the other hand, can cause the pads to swell and potentially burst, or encourage root rot and other water-born diseases.
Implications of Incorrect Watering
Striking a balance is crucial when watering angel's-wings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, a condition which can be fatal to the plant. Similarly, chronic underwatering can cause angel's-wings to dry out and dye. Always allow the soil to dry out fully before the next watering to help prevent any watering-related issues.
How Often Should I Water Angel's-wings?
Every 3 weeks
Watering Frequency
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Just like people, each plant has its own preferences and needs. Devote time to understanding your plants so you can nurture them properly. Observe your plants attentively, learning from their growth patterns, and becoming more in tune with their needs as you grow together. Keep a watchful eye on new plants and seedlings, as they are sensitive to both overwatering and underwatering. Shower them with gentle love and attention, fostering their growth and strength. Let the rhythm of your local climate guide your watering habits, adapting your schedule to the changing weather and the needs of your plants.
What Kind of Water is Best for Angel's-wings?
Water Type Guide for angel's-wings
Water Sensitivity: angel's-wings prefers well-draining soil and should not be overly saturated with water.
Water Types
Distilled Water: Optimal for angel's-wings as it is free of impurities and minerals that may harm the plant.
Rainwater: Also suitable for angel's-wings as it is natural and lacks chemicals or additives.
Tap Water: Can be used if no other water sources are available, but it may contain chlorine and other potentially harmful elements.
Filtered Water: A good alternative to tap water, as long as it removes contaminants without adding harmful substances.
Chlorine Sensitivity
High - angel's-wings is sensitive to chlorine in tap water, which can cause leaf burn and stress the plant.
Water Treatments
Dechlorination: Letting tap water sit out for 24 hours allows chlorine to evaporate, making it safer for angel's-wings.
Filtration: Using a water filter can remove chlorine and other harmful elements, providing better water quality for angel's-wings.
Water Temperature Preferences
Moderate - angel's-wings generally prefers water at room temperature (around 68-72°F or 20-22°C). Avoid using water that is too cold or too hot, as extreme temperatures can shock the plant.
How Do Angel's-wings's Watering Needs Change with the Seasons?
How to Water angel's-wings in Spring?
Starting the growing season, angel's-wings requires more moisture than in winter. During this season, allow the top inch of the soil to dry out before watering again. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot, which is a common problem for succulents like angel's-wings if left in waterlogged conditions.
How to Water angel's-wings in Summer?
Angel's-wings thrives in arid environments and during the hot summer months, it goes into an active growth phase. Water should be provided thoroughly and the soil allowed to dry out completely before the next watering. Overwatering can be detrimental for angel's-wings in summer as it can make it susceptible to fungal diseases.
How to Water angel's-wings in Autumn?
As angel's-wings begins to prepare for its dormancy period in winter, gradually decrease the amount of water, allowing more days to pass between each watering session. This withholding of water enables the plant to slowly transition into a dormant state and resist winter damage.
How to Water angel's-wings in Winter?
In winter, reduce watering to a minimum; this period is angel's-wings's dormant season, where the plant conserves energy and requires less watering. Ensure the plant is in a well-drained location to prevent water buildup and only water just enough to keep the plant from shriveling.
What Expert Tips Can Enhance Angel's-wings Watering Routine?
Moisture Meter
Using a moisture meter can help assess angel's-wings's deeper soil moisture needs and prevent over or under-watering. This plant prefers its soil to be mostly dry before the next watering, and a meter can effectively measure this.
Watering Time
Watering angel's-wings early in the morning allows the water to penetrate the soil thoroughly before the high evaporation rates of mid-day. It also helps prevent fungal diseases by minimizing the plant's exposure to dampness.
Common Misconception
One common misconception is that angel's-wings needs frequent watering due to its succulent nature. However, it's essential to allow the soil to dry out between waterings to avoid root rot. Over-watering is a common mistake that should be avoided.
Considering Hydroponics? How to Manage a Water-Grown Angel's-wings
Overview of Hydroponics
Angel's-wings is a plant that can be grown hydroponically, which involves cultivating plants in a water-based nutrient-rich solution instead of traditional soil. Hydroponics provides a controlled environment for plant growth and eliminates the need for soil, offering benefits such as improved nutrient absorption, faster growth rates, and reduced pest problems. Hydroponics can be particularly advantageous for angel's-wings as it allows for precise control over the nutrient composition and pH levels in the nutrient solution.
Best Hydroponic System
For growing angel's-wings hydroponically, a deep water culture (DWC) system is best suited. In a DWC system, the plant's roots are submerged in oxygenated nutrient solution. This system provides ample oxygen for root respiration and allows for effective nutrient uptake by the plant. The buoyancy of the water also helps support the upright growth of angel's-wings.
Nutrient Solution Requirements
Angel's-wings requires a well-balanced nutrient solution to thrive in a hydroponic setup. The nutrient solution should contain essential elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), as well as micronutrients like calcium, magnesium, iron, and trace elements. The optimal concentration of the nutrient solution for angel's-wings is around 1000-1500 ppm (parts per million). The pH level of the nutrient solution should be maintained between 5.8 and 6.5 for optimal nutrient uptake.
Frequency of Nutrient Change
It is recommended to change the nutrient solution every 1-2 weeks to prevent the buildup of excess salts and maintain the nutrient balance. Regular monitoring of the pH and nutrient levels is crucial to ensure the plant's health and productivity.
Challenges and Common Issues
When growing angel's-wings hydroponically, some common challenges include root rot, nutrient imbalances, and inadequate lighting. To prevent root rot, ensure proper oxygenation by using an air pump or airstone in the nutrient solution. Nutrient imbalances can be avoided by regularly monitoring the pH and nutrient levels and adjusting as needed. Angel's-wings requires bright light to thrive, so providing sufficient artificial lighting or placing the hydroponic system in a well-lit area is essential.
Monitoring Plant Health
In a hydroponic setup, angel's-wings may show specific symptoms of stress that differ from soil-grown plants. Watch for signs such as yellowing or browning of leaves, stunted growth, or wilting. These may indicate nutrient deficiencies, imbalances, or other issues. Regularly check the plant's roots for any signs of rot or discoloration.
Adjusting the Hydroponic Environment
Throughout angel's-wings's growth stages, adjustments to the hydroponic environment may be necessary. When angel's-wings is in its vegetative stage, provide a slightly higher nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution to support leaf and stem development. As angel's-wings transitions to the flowering stage, adjust the nutrient solution to promote phosphorus and potassium uptake for healthy flower and fruit formation. Additionally, monitor and adjust lighting levels as angel's-wings requires bright light for optimal growth.
Hydroponics Guideline Recap
Overview of Hydroponics: angel's-wings can be grown hydroponically, offering advantages such as improved nutrient absorption and faster growth rates.
Best Hydroponic System: Deep water culture (DWC) system supports angel's-wings's growth by providing oxygenated nutrient solution.
Nutrient Solution Requirements: Maintain a well-balanced nutrient solution with a concentration of 1000-1500 ppm and a pH between 5.8 and 6.5.
Frequency of Nutrient Change: Change the nutrient solution every 1-2 weeks to prevent nutrient imbalances.
Challenges and Common Issues: Address root rot, nutrient imbalances, and provide adequate lighting.
Monitoring Plant Health: Watch for specific stress symptoms and regularly check roots.
Adjusting the Hydroponic Environment: Modify nutrient solution and lighting based on growth stages.
Important Symptoms
Overwatering
Overwatering can easily lead to disease symptoms in Angel's-wings, as it has evolved mechanisms to survive drought conditions. For instance, the plant stores water in its tissues, closes its stomata, and reduces water loss. Symptoms of overwatering include yellowing leaves, brown or black spots, leaf rot...
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(Symptom details and solutions)
Brown or black spots
Excessive watering can damage the plant's root system, making it vulnerable to fungal infections. The plant may develop dark brown to black spots that spread upwards from the lower leaves which are usually the first to be affected.
Leaf rot
Overwatering can cause the leaves to become waterlogged, leading to rotting when the environment is humid.
Soft or mushy stems
Excess water can cause stems to become soft and mushy, as the cells become waterlogged and lose their structural integrity.
Root rot
Excess water in the soil can lead to the growth of harmful fungi and bacteria, causing the roots to rot and eventually kill the plant.
Increased susceptibility diseases
Overwatering plants may become more susceptible and diseases as their overall health declines, weakening their natural defenses.
Solutions
1. Adjust watering frequency based on seasons and soil dryness. Wait for soil to dry before watering.2. Increase soil aeration by loosening surface and gently stirring with a wooden stick or chopstick.3. Optimize environment with good ventilation and warmth to enhance water evaporation and prevent overwatering.
Underwatering
For Angel's-wings, it is not prone to experiencing plant health issues due to lack of watering. However, it is possible to suffer from dehydration if watering is consistently forgotten for an extended period. Symptoms of dehydration include wilting, yellowing leaves, root damage...
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(Symptom details and solutions)
Wilting
Due to the dry soil and insufficient water absorption by the roots, the leaves of the plant will appear limp, droopy, and lose vitality.
Yellowing leaves
The leaves may begin to yellow or develop dry tips as a result of water stress and reduced nutrient uptake.
Root damage
Prolonged underwatering can cause root damage, making it difficult for the plant to absorb water even when it is available.
Slow growth
The plant may exhibit delayed development or slow growth due to not receiving enough water to support its growth.
Increased susceptibility to pests and diseases
Underwatered plants may become more susceptible to pests and diseases as their overall health declines, weakening their natural defenses.
Solutions
1. Thoroughly saturate soil with slow ring watering to ensure uniform and sufficient moisture for plants. 2. Increase air humidity with water trays or misting to slow leaf water evaporation. 3. Watering according to the recommended frequency.Adjust watering frequency based on seasons and soil dryness.
Watering Troubleshooting for Angel's-wings
Why are the pads of my angel's-wings turning yellow?
Yellowing is usually a sign of overwatering. Angel's-wings prefers a dry environment, think its native desert habitat. Overwatering can lead to root rot. Reduce your watering frequency and ensure the soil has proper drainage. If necessary, repot the plant in a cactus mix that drains quickly.
My angel's-wings has started to become limp and squishy. What is happening?
A buttery texture is usually a cause for concern, as this commonly shows that your plant is getting too much water. Ensure that you are not watering your angel's-wings too frequently, and when you water, it's essential to make sure the water drains out the bottom of the pot.
I have noticed white spots on my angel's-wings. What does this mean?
White spots on your angel's-wings may actually be a sign of underwatering. The plant is composed of about 90% water and if it's not receiving enough, it can begin to break down and show damage. Increase your watering frequency slightly, but ensure the water drains properly to prevent rot.
What should I do if my angel's-wings is shriveling up?
Shriveling in angel's-wings is a telltale sign of insufficient watering. The plant's tissues are dehydrating and shrinking. Try to water your plant consistently with thorough soakings, and allow the soil to dry out between watering. Remember, even desert plants need water.
Why are the pads on my angel's-wings turning brown and seeming to dry out?
If you have brown, dry spots on your angel's-wings, this may mean the plant is getting sunburned. This commonly occurs when the plant is left in full sun to dry after watering. Avoid watering your angel's-wings during peak sun and heat hours to avoid sunburn. And even though angel's-wings loves sunlight, make sure it's not too harsh.
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Indoor
Outdoor
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Requirements
Full sun
Ideal
Above 6 hours sunlight
Partial sun
Tolerance
About 3-6 hours sunlight
Watch how sunlight gracefully moves through your garden, and choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade for your plants, ensuring their happiness.
Essentials
Angel's-wings shows a strong preference for abundant exposure to the sun, yet manages to survive in conditions with moderate sun as well. Its origin habitat conditions have conditioned this sunlight need. Too much or too little light exposure may noticeably affect its healthy growth.
Preferred
Tolerable
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Artificial lighting
Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
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Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.
Important Symptoms
Insufficient light
Angel's-wings is a beloved choice for indoor gardening, and they require strong light to thrive. However, when placed in rooms with suboptimal lighting, they may develop symptoms of light deficiency.
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(Symptom details and solutions)
Leggy or sparse growth
The spaces between leaves or stems of your angel's-wings may become longer, resulting in a thin and stretched-out appearance. This can make the plant look sparse and weak, and it may easily break or lean due to its own weight.
Slower or no new growth
Angel's-wings enters a survival mode when light conditions are poor, which leads to a halt in leaf production. As a result, the plant's growth becomes delayed or stops altogether.
Solutions
1. To ensure optimal growth, gradually move plants to a sunnier location each week, until they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Use a south-facing window and keep curtains open during the day for maximum sunlight exposure and nutrient accumulation.2. To provide additional light for your plant, consider using artificial light if it's large or not easily movable. Keep a desk or ceiling lamp on for at least 8 hours daily, or invest in professional plant grow lights for ample light.
Excessive light
Angel's-wings require strong light to thrive, and some are remarkably resilient to sun exposure, rarely suffering from sunburn.
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(Symptom details and solutions)
Chlorosis
Chlorosis is a condition where the plant's leaves lose their green color and turn yellow. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll from excessive sunlight, which negatively affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize.
Sunscald
Sunscald occurs when the plant's leaves or stems are damaged by intense sunlight exposure. It appears as pale, bleached, or necrotic areas on the plant tissue and can reduce the plant's overall health.
Leaf Curling
Leaf curling is a symptom where leaves curl or twist under extreme sunlight conditions. This is a defense mechanism used by the plant to reduce its surface area exposed to sunlight, minimizing water loss and damage.
Wilting
Wilting occurs when a plant loses turgor pressure and its leaves and stems begin to droop. Overexposure to sunlight can cause wilting by increasing the plant's water loss through transpiration, making it difficult for the plant to maintain adequate hydration.
Leaf Scorching
Leaf scorching is a symptom characterized by the appearance of brown, dry, and crispy edges or patches on leaves due to excessive sunlight. This can lead to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant health.
Solutions
1. Move your plant to the optimal position where it can receive abundant sunlight but also have some shade. An east-facing window is an ideal choice as the morning sunlight is gentler. This way, your plant can enjoy ample sunlight while reducing the risk of sunburn.2. It is recommended to trim off any completely dehydrated or withered parts of the plant.
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Temperature
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Indoor
Indoor
Outdoor
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Requirements
Ideal
Tolerable
Unsuitable
Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care.
Essentials
Angel's-wings prefers a temperature range of 68 to 100 ℉ (20 to 38 ℃). In its native growth environment, it thrives in warm to hot climates. During colder months, it may benefit from a slightly cooler temperature around 60 to 75 ℉ (15 to 24 ℃) to encourage dormancy and prepare for new growth in the spring.
Regional wintering strategies
Angel's-wings is a heat-loving plant that gradually stops growing and enters a dormant state during the winter. When the outdoor temperature drops below {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}, it should be moved indoors for cultivation. Choose a location near a south-facing window to provide as much sunlight as possible. If there is insufficient natural light, supplemental lighting can be used. When the temperature falls below {Suitable_growth_temperature_min}, the plant's growth slows down, and watering should be reduced or stopped to prevent root rot. For Angel's-wings grown outdoors, watering should be completely halted during low temperatures. If feasible, you can set up a temporary greenhouse for insulation or use materials such as plastic film or fabric to wrap the plant during cold temperatures.
Important Symptoms
Low Temperature
Angel's-wings thrives in high temperatures and is not tolerant of low temperatures. It grows best when the temperature is above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min}. During winter, it should be kept above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. When the temperature falls below {Limit_growth_temperature}, the plant may become weak, wilt, and be prone to root rot. In cases of mild frost damage, there may not be any initial symptoms, but after a week, the plant will gradually wither.
Solutions
Trim off the frostbitten areas, paying attention to whether the roots have rotted. If the roots have rotted, they need to be cut off, and the plant can be propagated through cuttings. Immediately move indoors to a warm environment and place the plant near a south-facing window to ensure ample sunlight. If there is insufficient light, you can use supplemental lighting.
High Temperature
During summer, Angel's-wings should be kept below {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. When the temperature exceeds {Tolerable_growing_temperature_max}, the plant's growth will cease, it will experience water loss, wilting, and becomes more susceptible to sunburn.
Solutions
Remove the sunburned and rotten parts. Shield the plant from afternoon sunlight until it recovers and starts growing again. For plants with root rot, stop watering until new roots begin to emerge.
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Transplant
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How to Successfully Transplant Angel's-wings?
For best results with angel's-wings, opt for a transplant in the early sun-kissed months when growth is vigorous. Choose a sunny, well-drained location to ensure a thriving plant. Extra tip: handle the plant gently to avoid breaking its delicate pads!
What Preparations are Needed Before Transplanting Angel's-wings?
What is the Ideal Time for Transplanting Angel's-wings?
The commencement of summer, when heat is steadily increasing, is perfect for transplanting angel's-wings. This period offers ample warmth and sunshine promoting its robust growth. Gently relocating angel's-wings to a new location during this time can enhance its root development and overall health.
How Much Space Should You Leave Between Angel's-wings Plants?
For transplanting angel's-wings, a Perennial plant, space each plant 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) apart. This will give them plenty of space to grow and spread.
What is the Best Soil Mix for Angel's-wings Transplanting?
Choose a well-draining soil mix for angel's-wings. A blend of sand and cactus potting soil is ideal. Incorporate a base fertilizer, such as a balanced slow-release granular fertilizer, to kickstart the growth.
Where Should You Relocate Your Angel's-wings?
Find a location with full sun exposure for angel's-wings, as these plants thrive in bright light. Make sure they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day to encourage healthy growth.
What Equipments Should You Prepare Before Transplantation Angel's-wings?
Gardening Gloves
To protect your hands from the plant's spines and to avoid soil damage to the skin.
Spade or Trowel
Useful for digging around the plant in its current location and creating a hole in the new location.
Pruning Shears
To trim off any damaged or diseased parts of the plant before transplanting.
Pot (optional)
If the plant is currently in a pot.
Wheelbarrow
To move the plant safely from its original location to its new location.
Watering Can
Used to moisten the soil after the plant has been removed and also after transplanting.
How Do You Remove Angel's-wings from the Soil?
Step1 Preparation

Begin by preparing the location where you'll be planting. Make sure it’s been properly cleared and weeded, and is ready to receive the angel's-wings plant.

Step2 Digging

Dig a hole that's just deep enough for the root ball to sit in, and twice as wide. The extra width is to give the roots plenty of room to spread out.

Step3 Planting

Gently place your angel's-wings plant in the hole, ensuring it is straight. Backfill the hole with soil, pressing it firmly around the plant's base to close any air pockets.

Step4 Watering

After transplanting, water the plant well using a watering can. This settles the soil around the roots, reduces transplant shock, and encourages the plant to establish itself quickly.
Step-by-Step Guide for Transplanting Angel's-wings
Step1 Preparation
Begin by preparing the location where you'll be planting. Make sure it’s been properly cleared and weeded, and is ready to receive the angel's-wings plant.
Step2 Digging
Dig a hole that's just deep enough for the root ball to sit in, and twice as wide. The extra width is to give the roots plenty of room to spread out.
Step3 Planting
Gently place your angel's-wings plant in the hole, ensuring it is straight. Backfill the hole with soil, pressing it firmly around the plant's base to close any air pockets.
Step4 Watering
After transplanting, water the plant well using a watering can. This settles the soil around the roots, reduces transplant shock, and encourages the plant to establish itself quickly.
How Do You Care For Angel's-wings After Transplanting?
Monitoring
Keep a close eye on angel's-wings plant, especially during the first few weeks. Make sure it's standing upright and not showing signs of wilting or disease.
Watering
While angel's-wings plant does not require excessive watering, remember to water it after transplanting to help it establish. Once established, it can tolerate dry conditions, but it's best to not let it dry out completely.
Deadheading
Remove any spent blossoms or dead leaves from your angel's-wings plant to maintain its health and promote new growth.
Disease and Pest Prevention
Keep an eye out for any signs of disease or pests. If detected early, many issues can be easily managed with organic remedies.
Troubleshooting Common Issues with Angel's-wings Transplantation.
When's the best time in the year to transplant angel's-wings?
It's recommended to transplant angel's-wings in the early days of summer, that complies with its growth cycle.
What should be the ideal distance while planting multiple angel's-wings together?
While planting multiple angel's-wings together, provide a space of about 3-4 feet (90-120 cm) between each plant for growth.
What type of soil would be prime for the successful transplant of angel's-wings?
Angel's-wings prefer well-drained soil. Succulent or cactus mix, sandy soil or garden soil, mixed with a bit of coarse sand helps preventing root rot.
How much sun does the transplanted angel's-wings need?
Angel's-wings adore the sun! Place them where they can get 6-8 hours of sunlight each day. However, protect them from hot afternoon sun.
How often should I water my transplanted angel's-wings?
Angel's-wings doesn't require much water. Water once when the top 1 inch (2.5 cm) of soil dries out to maintain a healthy growing environment.
Should I use any fertilizer while transplanting angel's-wings?
During the angel's-wings's active growth period, a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer once a month can support its health. Remember to dilute it per package instructions.
How deep should the hole be for transplanting angel's-wings?
Ensure that the hole is twice as wide and equal in depth to the root ball of the angel's-wings. It ensures enough space for roots to spread.
Can I transplant angel's-wings in a pot?
Yes, you certainly can! Just ensure the pot is large enough to accommodate the plant and has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Can a part of angel's-wings be used to create a new plant?
Absolutely! You can propagate angel's-wings by taking pads, letting them dry for a few days, and then planting them in well-drained soil.
What's to be done if angel's-wings shows signs of distress after transplanting?
Move angel's-wings to a warmer or cooler location depending on temperature, supplement water, or reduce irrigation. Try adjusting light levels or repot if necessary.
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