Primary propagation techniques for vanda include division, stem cuttings, and tissue culture, with seeds being less common due to complexity. Key factors for success are high humidity, warm temperatures, and ample light without direct sun. Special considerations involve securing cuttings in suitable media, such as fir bark or sphagnum moss, and maintaining a sterile environment for tissue culture. Propagation can be challenging due to slow growth and sensitivity to environmental changes. For stem cuttings: 1) Select a healthy, mature stem with several aerial roots. 2) Cut just below the roots, ensuring 2-3 nodes are present. 3) Place cutting in moistened media. 4) Enclose in a plastic cover to retain humidity. 5) Position in bright, indirect light, at a consistent 25-30°C. Rooting typically occurs in several weeks to months.