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Columbine
Columbine
Columbine
Columbine
Columbine (Aquilegia)
Columbine are prized perennials used to add color, texture, and height to any garden. Blooming for weeks, these plants are available in a wide range of colors and sizes, so you can mix and match or choose to dedicate your garden to one variety. A favorite of butterflies and hummingbirds, the bell-shaped flowers provide the perfect opening for these important pollinators. Columbine are the official state flower of Colorado.
Lifespan
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Plant Type
Herb/Vine
info

Key Facts About Columbine

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Attributes of Columbine

Plant Height
80 cm
Spread
20 cm
Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
0 - 35 ℃

Scientific Classification of Columbine

distribution

Distribution of Columbine

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Distribution Map of Columbine

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Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
habit
care detail

How to Grow and Care for Columbine

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how to grow and care
Columbine has a moderate care profile. For basic needs, it prefers partial to full sunlight, regular watering, cool to moderate temperature, and well-drained, neutral to slightly acidic soil. Common challenges include leaf miners, aphids, stem borers, and powdery mildew. Environmentally, columbine is sensitive to extreme heat and poor water conditions. Seasonally, spring is prime growth and bloom time; summer requires added moisture; fall is ideal for planting and spring division; and wintertime demands less water and a light mulch layer for protection.
More Info About Caring for Columbine
species

Exploring the Columbine Plants

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8 most common species:
Aquilegia vulgaris
Common columbine
The common columbine is a tall, flowering plant, typically with a long stem and light purple flowers. The Latin specific name for the plant, "vulgaris," means "common," and it comes from the fact that the plants spread easily and grow in many places around Europe. Ancient Romans considered the common columbine to be sacred for the goddess, Venus.
Aquilegia canadensis
Red columbine
Red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) is a species of flowering plant related to the buttercup. Aquilegia canadensisis also called the wild columbine or red columbine and grows throughout woods and rocky mountain regions of eastern North America. Red columbine are considered easy to grow in well-drained average soils. The flowers attract hummingbirds and are often planted in cottage gardens and hummingbird gardens.
Aquilegia coerulea
Colorado blue columbine
Colorado blue columbine (Aquilegia coerulea) is a plant species discovered on Pike's Peak in 1820. The colorado blue columbine is the state flower of Colorado. The species can grow in a pale blue color, which gives it its latin name, coerulea. Hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees are attracted to the colorado blue columbine.
Aquilegia chrysantha
Golden columbine
This vigorous and hardy perennial is a delightful addition to the shade garden with its large, yellow blooms. Golden columbine self-seeds prolifically and is easy to grow. For best results, keep the soil moist but not soggy and dead-head old blooms.
Aquilegia flavescens
Yellow columbine
The yellow columbine is a wildflower whose flower is most commonly yellow, but portions of it can also be yellow-pink or cream-colored. The seed has been used historically as a natural pesticide. The yellow columbine is commonly seen in garden centers and is a gardener favorite in shady garden spaces. A close cousin, Aquilegia caerulea, is the state flower of Colorado.
Aquilegia atrata
Dark columbine
Dark columbine is a long-living Alpine species. This ornamental flowering plant attracts many pollinators and birds. Though beautiful, this plant contains toxic seeds and roots that contain cardiogenic toxins. Its Latin name (Aquilegia atrata) is named after Aguilegia, which is Latin for "eagle," referencing its petals that resemble eagle claws.
Aquilegia formosa
Crimson Columbine
Crimson Columbine is a flashy perennial with brightly colored blooms dangling from gracefully arching stems. These flowers are well-loved by hummingbirds and pollinators. They are easy to grow in full sun to part shade and well-draining soil.
Aquilegia oxysepala
Oriental columbine
The stem is about 30 to 70 cm in height. The rooted leaves are bunched, with 3 double emergence twice, the petiole length is 15 to 25 cm, and the leaves on the top of the stem are 3 double emergence once. The leaflet is fan-shaped, the tip of the leaf splits 2-3, and the fragments split 2-3 further. The flower blooms downward, the flower diameter is 3 to 3.5 cm, the number of sepals is five, narrow egg-shaped, the number of petals is five, and the length is 1.2 to 2.5 cm. The base of the petal extends long behind and becomes a distance, and wraps inside. The petals are yellow, and the color of the sepals and the distance is blue-purple-brown. The fruit becomes a sac and the glandular hair grows densely.

All Species of Columbine

Common columbine
Aquilegia vulgaris
Common columbine
The common columbine is a tall, flowering plant, typically with a long stem and light purple flowers. The Latin specific name for the plant, "vulgaris," means "common," and it comes from the fact that the plants spread easily and grow in many places around Europe. Ancient Romans considered the common columbine to be sacred for the goddess, Venus.
Red columbine
Aquilegia canadensis
Red columbine
Red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) is a species of flowering plant related to the buttercup. Aquilegia canadensisis also called the wild columbine or red columbine and grows throughout woods and rocky mountain regions of eastern North America. Red columbine are considered easy to grow in well-drained average soils. The flowers attract hummingbirds and are often planted in cottage gardens and hummingbird gardens.
Colorado blue columbine
Aquilegia coerulea
Colorado blue columbine
Colorado blue columbine (Aquilegia coerulea) is a plant species discovered on Pike's Peak in 1820. The colorado blue columbine is the state flower of Colorado. The species can grow in a pale blue color, which gives it its latin name, coerulea. Hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees are attracted to the colorado blue columbine.
Golden columbine
Aquilegia chrysantha
Golden columbine
This vigorous and hardy perennial is a delightful addition to the shade garden with its large, yellow blooms. Golden columbine self-seeds prolifically and is easy to grow. For best results, keep the soil moist but not soggy and dead-head old blooms.
Yellow columbine
Aquilegia flavescens
Yellow columbine
The yellow columbine is a wildflower whose flower is most commonly yellow, but portions of it can also be yellow-pink or cream-colored. The seed has been used historically as a natural pesticide. The yellow columbine is commonly seen in garden centers and is a gardener favorite in shady garden spaces. A close cousin, Aquilegia caerulea, is the state flower of Colorado.
Dark columbine
Aquilegia atrata
Dark columbine
Dark columbine is a long-living Alpine species. This ornamental flowering plant attracts many pollinators and birds. Though beautiful, this plant contains toxic seeds and roots that contain cardiogenic toxins. Its Latin name (Aquilegia atrata) is named after Aguilegia, which is Latin for "eagle," referencing its petals that resemble eagle claws.
Crimson Columbine
Aquilegia formosa
Crimson Columbine
Crimson Columbine is a flashy perennial with brightly colored blooms dangling from gracefully arching stems. These flowers are well-loved by hummingbirds and pollinators. They are easy to grow in full sun to part shade and well-draining soil.
Oriental columbine
Aquilegia oxysepala
Oriental columbine
The stem is about 30 to 70 cm in height. The rooted leaves are bunched, with 3 double emergence twice, the petiole length is 15 to 25 cm, and the leaves on the top of the stem are 3 double emergence once. The leaflet is fan-shaped, the tip of the leaf splits 2-3, and the fragments split 2-3 further. The flower blooms downward, the flower diameter is 3 to 3.5 cm, the number of sepals is five, narrow egg-shaped, the number of petals is five, and the length is 1.2 to 2.5 cm. The base of the petal extends long behind and becomes a distance, and wraps inside. The petals are yellow, and the color of the sepals and the distance is blue-purple-brown. The fruit becomes a sac and the glandular hair grows densely.
Alpine columbine
Aquilegia alpina
Alpine columbine
Alpine columbine is attractive to butterflies and hummingbirds. The name Alpine columbine is derived from its natural habitat of alpine regions and spurred flowers. Alpine columbine is a late-spring/early summer flowering perennial that is clump-forming and often used as a bedding plant in cultivated gardens.
Sierra columbine
Aquilegia pubescens
Sierra columbine
Sierra columbine (Aquilegia pubescens) is a species of wildflower that is endemic to the higher altitudes of California in the Western United States. As opposed to traditional columbine, this species has creamy white, erect flowers.
Siberian columbine
Aquilegia glandulosa
Siberian columbine
Siberian columbine is a showy herbaceous perennial popularly used for borders and beds in cottage and pollinator gardens, as it is attractive to bees. Interestingly this plant is also called ‘Siberian Granny’s Bonnet’—named for its native area, Siberia, and its flowers’ appearance of an older lady’s bonnet.
Fan columbine
Aquilegia flabellata
Fan columbine
Fan columbine is a dwarf species of columbine that is a popular ornamental species grown for its elegant purple flowers. This award-winning plant makes the best impact when placed in the front of borders because of its short stature. The flowers, rich in pollen and nectar, are extremely popular with bees.
Siberian columbine
Aquilegia sibirica
Siberian columbine
The siberian columbine also known as Siberian columbine, is an ornamental flower from Siberia and the northern regions of Mongolia and China. This plant does well at moderate elevations with shady conditions. They will bloom a beautiful purple flower if given the right garden care.
Pyrenean columbine
Aquilegia pyrenaica
Pyrenean columbine
Pyrenean columbine is a wildflower that was named after the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, who first described the plant in 1805. Pyrenean columbine is a serious attraction to pollinators, as the plant contains a large amount of nectar at the back of its flowers. It prefers areas rich in limestone and is often used in rock gardens.
Green-flowered columbine
Aquilegia viridiflora
Green-flowered columbine
The green-flowered columbine (*Aquilegia viridiflora*) is often used in horticulture and makes great cut flowers. This short-lived perennial, like all members of its genus, is named after the flowers that resemble eagle claws: the name *Aquilegia* comes from the Latin word for eagle (*aquila*). The most popular cultivar is called 'Chocolate Soldier' and is prized for the chocolate-brown flowers.
Aquilegia buergeriana
Aquilegia buergeriana
Aquilegia buergeriana
Aquilegia buergeriana is a charming perennial known for its distinctive spurred flowers, which exhibit a delightful array of colors such as purple, blue, and white. The plant typically flourishes in moist, well-drained soil found in woodland clearings or meadows, with foliage that gracefully emerges beneath the blooms. Its compact growth and attractive, fern-like leaves make aquilegia buergeriana a captivating addition to temperate gardens, where it can attract pollinators like hummingbirds and bees.
European crowfoot
Aquilegia nigricans
European crowfoot
Aquilegia nigricans, the Bulgarian columbine, is a species of columbine that is found in the mountainous regions of Austria, the Balkans, Greece, Italy and Ukraine. It is a perennial flower found in meadows, woodlands and at high altitudes. It prefers sun or partial shade, and moist, well-drained soils.
Caucasian columbine
Aquilegia olympica
Caucasian columbine
Caucasian columbine is a perennial herb from the buttercup family, notable for its tall, slender stems reaching up to 90 cm. Its distinctive bell-shaped blue-purple flowers boast backward-pointing spurs, creating an elegant profile. Thriving in rocky, alpine terrains, caucasian columbine's deep root system allows it to access scarce water, making it well-adapted to high-altitude environments.
Common columbine 'Clementine Blue'
Aquilegia vulgaris 'Clementine Blue'
Common columbine 'Clementine Blue'
Common columbine 'Clementine Blue' is a Columbine cultivar with beautiful clematis-like, double flowers that come in a rich purple-blue color, hence the cultivar name. Unlike its parent plant, the flowers are spurless and held upright (they're not nodding).
Columbines 'Cardinal'
Aquilegia Songbird 'Cardinal'
Columbines 'Cardinal'
Columbines 'Cardinal' is a member of the Songbird hybrids, which are noted for their upward-facing red and white flowers, as opposed to downward-facing like most columbines, and compact form. Its name is a nod to the color of its flowers, similar to that of a cardinal, that contrast with its gray-green foliage.
Common columbine 'Green Apples'
Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata 'Green Apples'
Common columbine 'Green Apples'
Common columbine 'Green Apples' is a Common columbine cultivar characterized by its unique coloring. The cultivar's double, spurless, pure white flowers emerge apple green buds, giving this plant its name. The green buds become white as they mature, but some flowers keep the greenish hue.
Common columbine 'Nora Barlow'
Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata 'Nora Barlow'
Common columbine 'Nora Barlow'
Though the parent plant, the common columbine, sports purple bell-shaped blooms, common columbine 'Nora Barlow' provides a striking contrast in its profusion of pink flowers tinted with white edges. It's a variety of Aquilegia vulgaris belonging to the Barlow series (hence the cultivar name), and has an upright, clumping growing tendency.
Columbines 'Sunshine'
Aquilegia × caerulea 'Sunshine'
Columbines 'Sunshine'
A cultivar bred from Aquilegia caerulea, columbines 'Sunshine' is distinguished by its fully double, yellow flowers adorned with long spurs. The cultivar was probably named after its bright color that reminds of sunshine. This cultivar is particularly prized for its ability to continue blooming when most other columbines are finished with flowering.
Common columbine 'Clementine Rose'
Aquilegia vulgaris 'Clementine Rose'
Common columbine 'Clementine Rose'
Common columbine 'Clementine Rose' is a common columbine named after its beautiful blushing pink flowers, which are quite distinct from the blue and purple colored flowers of its parent plant. This cultivar has double flowers with an unusually large number of petals so that it resembles a clematis.
Columbines 'BlueBird'
Aquilegia Songbird 'BlueBird'
Columbines 'BlueBird'
A part of the Songbird Aquilegia series, the columbines 'BlueBird' is known to have large upward-facing blossoms that are lighter in their blue color. It is named after a bird of similar color. The columbines 'BlueBird' is easy to grow and is great as a cut flower. Gardeners can plant these cultivars in beds, borders, and containers.
Common columbine 'Clementine Salmon Rose'
Aquilegia vulgaris 'Clementine Salmon Rose'
Common columbine 'Clementine Salmon Rose'
Common columbine 'Clementine Salmon Rose' is a perennial hybrid of clementine that creates a unique shade of salmon-pink blooms with yellow centers in late spring. The name comes from their similarity to clematis flowers. Gardeners often use this plant to add a pop of color to their yard and to attract hummingbirds.
Common columbine 'Ruby Port'
Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata 'Ruby Port'
Common columbine 'Ruby Port'
Common columbine 'Ruby Port''s fern-like leaves, maroon-red double flowers, and prolific growth give this cultivar its distinctiveness. An heirloom columbine variety, common columbine 'Ruby Port' was aptly named after its ruby-red blooms. This columbine is popular for its showy flowers, abundant growth habit, and appeal to hummingbirds and butterflies.
Columbines 'McKana Hybrid'
Aquilegia cultorum 'McKana Hybrid'
Columbines 'McKana Hybrid'
Columbines 'McKana Hybrid' is a particularly tall columbine cultivar also known as "Granny’s Bonnet" that produces bi-colored flowers in a variety of shades. It is easy to grow and will thrive in rich, fertile soil that is well-drained. Columbines 'McKana Hybrid' does well in both full sun and partial shade. Loved by pollinators and avoided by rabbits and deer, this plant will self-seed when left alone and can cover large areas in colorful drifts.
Columbines 'Hensol Harebell'
Aquilegia 'Hensol Harebell'
Columbines 'Hensol Harebell'
Columbines 'Hensol Harebell' is a relatively tall handbell that grows up to 90 centimeters, much taller than the parent’s maximum height of 50 centimeters. This popular garden performer has attractive purple flowers in a pronounced, open bell-shaped configuration. This columbine is named after Hensol Castle, a gothic mansion with landscaped gardens in South Wales, UK.
Common columbine 'Winky Double Red'
Aquilegia vulgaris 'Winky Double Red'
Common columbine 'Winky Double Red'
Common columbine 'Winky Double Red' is distinct for its two-tone double flowers with deep red centers and white edges. A cultivar of Aquilegia vulgaris, its name indicates that it is a red version of the Winky series of columbine cultivars. This plant is prized for its beautiful and abundant flowers as well as its compact size.
Columbines 'Crimson Star'
Aquilegia caerulea 'Crimson Star'
Columbines 'Crimson Star'
Where most Rocky Mountain Columbines have blue and lilac flowers, columbines 'Crimson Star' has bright flowers with pink centers surrounded by crimson star-shaped outer petals. This outstanding plant is a popular garden fixture for these showy late-spring early-summer flowers and has received the Royal Horticultural Society's prestigious Award of Garden Merit.
Columbines 'Dove'
Aquilegia Songbird 'Dove'
Columbines 'Dove'
Columbines 'Dove' is a white-flowered columbine with gray-green foliage. It is a cultivar of the Songbird Series of the Aqueligia genus, which are renowned for being compact and boasting upward-facing flowers. Columbines 'Dove' is named for its white petals, as many doves are white. Gardeners love that this cultivar is attractive to butterflies and birds and is resistant to deer.
Aquilegia hybrid
Aquilegia hybrid
Aquilegia hybrid
Aquilegia hybrid is a captivating perennial known for its distinctive spurred flowers, resembling a flock of hovering birds. These intricate blooms come in a variety of hues, often combining multiple colors in a single blossom. Thriving in well-drained soil, aquilegia hybrid flourishes in sun-dappled environments, which accentuate the vibrant colors and graceful foliage of this garden favorite.
Common columbine 'Blue Barlow'
Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata 'Blue Barlow'
Common columbine 'Blue Barlow'
With unique drooping flower heads, the common columbine 'Blue Barlow' offers spurless flowers. The parentage of the common columbine 'Blue Barlow' has not been disclosed. Its blooms are violet-blue, perhaps leading to its name, the 'Blue Barlow'. Easily grown in beds, borders, or naturalized areas, the common columbine 'Blue Barlow' will self-seed. It is also of interest for gardeners looking to attract hummingbirds and butterflies, without attracting rabbits or deer.
Common columbine 'Nora Barlow'
Aquilegia vulgaris 'Nora Barlow'
Common columbine 'Nora Barlow'
Common columbine 'Nora Barlow' is a Columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris) cultivar created to have fully-doubled, spurless pink flowers, instead of the tubular, purple blooms of the parent plant. This historical cultivar was named after Nora Barlow, a British botanist and Charles Darwin's granddaughter.
Common columbine 'Black Barlow'
Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata 'Black Barlow'
Common columbine 'Black Barlow'
Common columbine 'Black Barlow' is a Columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris) cultivar that has been selected for its fully-double, dark-purple flowers that don't feature spurs like its parent plant. The cultivar belongs to the 'Barlow series,' named after Charles Darwin's granddaughter and botanist Nora Barlow. The epithet "black" refers to the distinctive dark-purple, almost black coloration of the flowers.
Common columbine 'White Barlow'
Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata 'White Barlow'
Common columbine 'White Barlow'
Common columbine 'White Barlow' is a Common columbine cultivar of the Barlow series. This cultivar is characterized by its double white flowers tinged with green and yellow. Unlike many columbine species, varieties, and cultivars, common columbine 'White Barlow' doesn't have spurs.
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More Popular Genus

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Dracaena
Dracaena
Dracaena are popular house plants that are easy to grow. They can tolerate low-light conditions and require little watering. Their leaves range from variegated to dark green. Their characteristic traits include woody stems that grow slowly but offer a striking appearance for small spaces such as apartments or offices.
Ficus
Fig trees
Fig trees have been cultivated in many regions for their fruits, particularly the common fig, F. carica. Most of the species have edible fruits, although the common fig is the only one of commercial value. Fig trees are also important food sources for wildlife in the tropics, including monkeys, bats, and insects.
Rubus
Brambles
Brambles are members of the rose family, and there are hundreds of different types to be found throughout the European countryside. They have been culturally significant for centuries; Christian folklore stories hold that when the devil was thrown from heaven, he landed on a bramble bush. Their vigorous growth habit can tangle into native plants and take over.
Acer
Maples
The popular tree family known as maples change the color of their leaves in the fall. Many cultural traditions encourage people to watch the colors change, such as momijigari in Japan. Maples popular options for bonsai art. Alternately, their sap is used to create maple syrup.
Prunus
Prunus
Prunus is a genus of flowering fruit trees that includes almonds, cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines, and apricots. These are often known as "stone fruits" because their pits are large seeds or "stones." When prunus trees are damaged, they exhibit "gummosis," a condition in which the tree's gum (similar to sap) is secreted to the bark to help heal external wounds.
Solanum
Nightshades
Nightshades is a large and diverse genus of plants, with more than 1500 different types worldwide. This genus incorporates both important staple food crops like tomato, potato, and eggplant, but also dangerous poisonous plants from the nightshade family. The name was coined by Pliny the Elder almost two thousand years ago.
Rosa
Roses
Most species of roses are shrubs or climbing plants that have showy flowers and sharp thorns. They are commonly cultivated for cut flowers or as ornamental plants in gardens due to their attractive appearance, pleasant fragrance, and cultural significance in many countries. The rose hips (fruits) can also be used in jams and teas.
Quercus
Oaks
Oaks are among the world's longest-lived trees, sometimes growing for over 1,000 years! The oldest known oak tree is in the southern United States and is over 1,500 years old. Oaks produce an exceedingly popular type of wood which is used to make different products, from furniture and flooring to wine barrels and even cosmetic creams.
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About
Key Facts
Distribution
How To Care
All Species
More Genus
Columbine
Columbine
Columbine
Columbine
Columbine
Columbine
Columbine
Aquilegia
Columbine are prized perennials used to add color, texture, and height to any garden. Blooming for weeks, these plants are available in a wide range of colors and sizes, so you can mix and match or choose to dedicate your garden to one variety. A favorite of butterflies and hummingbirds, the bell-shaped flowers provide the perfect opening for these important pollinators. Columbine are the official state flower of Colorado.
Lifespan
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Plant Type
Herb/Vine
info

Key Facts About Columbine

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Feedback
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Attributes of Columbine

Plant Height
80 cm
Spread
20 cm
Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
0 - 35 ℃

Scientific Classification of Columbine

distribution

Distribution of Columbine

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Feedback
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Distribution Map of Columbine

distribution map
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
care detail

How to Grow and Care for Columbine

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Feedback
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Columbine has a moderate care profile. For basic needs, it prefers partial to full sunlight, regular watering, cool to moderate temperature, and well-drained, neutral to slightly acidic soil. Common challenges include leaf miners, aphids, stem borers, and powdery mildew. Environmentally, columbine is sensitive to extreme heat and poor water conditions. Seasonally, spring is prime growth and bloom time; summer requires added moisture; fall is ideal for planting and spring division; and wintertime demands less water and a light mulch layer for protection.
More Info About Caring for Columbine
species

Exploring the Columbine Plants

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Feedback
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8 most common species:
Aquilegia vulgaris
Common columbine
The common columbine is a tall, flowering plant, typically with a long stem and light purple flowers. The Latin specific name for the plant, "vulgaris," means "common," and it comes from the fact that the plants spread easily and grow in many places around Europe. Ancient Romans considered the common columbine to be sacred for the goddess, Venus.
Aquilegia canadensis
Red columbine
Red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) is a species of flowering plant related to the buttercup. Aquilegia canadensisis also called the wild columbine or red columbine and grows throughout woods and rocky mountain regions of eastern North America. Red columbine are considered easy to grow in well-drained average soils. The flowers attract hummingbirds and are often planted in cottage gardens and hummingbird gardens.
Aquilegia coerulea
Colorado blue columbine
Colorado blue columbine (Aquilegia coerulea) is a plant species discovered on Pike's Peak in 1820. The colorado blue columbine is the state flower of Colorado. The species can grow in a pale blue color, which gives it its latin name, coerulea. Hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees are attracted to the colorado blue columbine.
Aquilegia chrysantha
Golden columbine
This vigorous and hardy perennial is a delightful addition to the shade garden with its large, yellow blooms. Golden columbine self-seeds prolifically and is easy to grow. For best results, keep the soil moist but not soggy and dead-head old blooms.
Show More Species

All Species of Columbine

popular genus

More Popular Genus

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Dracaena
Dracaena
Dracaena are popular house plants that are easy to grow. They can tolerate low-light conditions and require little watering. Their leaves range from variegated to dark green. Their characteristic traits include woody stems that grow slowly but offer a striking appearance for small spaces such as apartments or offices.
Ficus
Fig trees
Fig trees have been cultivated in many regions for their fruits, particularly the common fig, F. carica. Most of the species have edible fruits, although the common fig is the only one of commercial value. Fig trees are also important food sources for wildlife in the tropics, including monkeys, bats, and insects.
Rubus
Brambles
Brambles are members of the rose family, and there are hundreds of different types to be found throughout the European countryside. They have been culturally significant for centuries; Christian folklore stories hold that when the devil was thrown from heaven, he landed on a bramble bush. Their vigorous growth habit can tangle into native plants and take over.
Acer
Maples
The popular tree family known as maples change the color of their leaves in the fall. Many cultural traditions encourage people to watch the colors change, such as momijigari in Japan. Maples popular options for bonsai art. Alternately, their sap is used to create maple syrup.
Prunus
Prunus
Prunus is a genus of flowering fruit trees that includes almonds, cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines, and apricots. These are often known as "stone fruits" because their pits are large seeds or "stones." When prunus trees are damaged, they exhibit "gummosis," a condition in which the tree's gum (similar to sap) is secreted to the bark to help heal external wounds.
Solanum
Nightshades
Nightshades is a large and diverse genus of plants, with more than 1500 different types worldwide. This genus incorporates both important staple food crops like tomato, potato, and eggplant, but also dangerous poisonous plants from the nightshade family. The name was coined by Pliny the Elder almost two thousand years ago.
Rosa
Roses
Most species of roses are shrubs or climbing plants that have showy flowers and sharp thorns. They are commonly cultivated for cut flowers or as ornamental plants in gardens due to their attractive appearance, pleasant fragrance, and cultural significance in many countries. The rose hips (fruits) can also be used in jams and teas.
Quercus
Oaks
Oaks are among the world's longest-lived trees, sometimes growing for over 1,000 years! The oldest known oak tree is in the southern United States and is over 1,500 years old. Oaks produce an exceedingly popular type of wood which is used to make different products, from furniture and flooring to wine barrels and even cosmetic creams.
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