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Key Facts
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Betula
Betula
Betula
Betula
Betula (Betula)
Betula grow throughout the world, and are known for their bark which, on all species except the gray birch, peels off in strips. These trees produce large amounts of pollen; they're thought to be responsible for up to 20% of hay fever cases in the northern hemisphere. Bark from betula has been used for centuries to create paper. Afghani texts from the first century were made using this type of bark, and the ancient Romans also wrote on birch paper. The trees' sap and syrup are traditional delicacies in some countries.
Lifespan
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Plant Type
Tree
info

Key Facts About Betula

Attributes of Betula

Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
0 - 32 ℃

Scientific Classification of Betula

distribution

Distribution of Betula

Distribution Map of Betula

distribution map
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
habit
care detail

How to Grow and Care for Betula

how to grow and care
The betula , or Birch genus, abundantly found across both hemispheres, requires attention for thriving growth. Preferring full sunlight to partial shade locations, they require moist, well-drained soil with a preferred temperature range of 4-24 degrees Celsius. Common challenges include infestations from pests such as leaf miners, aphids, and Bronze Birch Borer, and diseases like Black Knot. Betula s are sensitive to dry conditions and pollution. Seasonal care includes regular watering in summer, mulching in winter for insulation, spring pruning, and autumn leaf monitoring.
More Info About Caring for Betula
species

Exploring the Betula Plants

8 most common species:
Betula pendula
Silver birch
The silver birch is native to Europe, Siberia, and China. It can grow between 15 m and 25 m, with a potential to reach 31 m. Its distinct bark is white and eventually becomes flaky. The leaves are pale green during summer and yellow during fall.
Betula nigra
River birch
The river birch is a fast-growing tree that thrives in wet environments like floodplains, bottomland and along creeks and streams. It is a native of the Eastern United States. The river birch reaches heights from 15 to 27 m tall and grows an average of 91 cm per year.
Betula pubescens
Downy birch
Downy birch is a pioneer species of deciduous tree native to Europe and Asia. The bark of the tree is used to make canoes and roofing materials, rope, and oil paper. Historically, the bark was also used as emergency food in times of famine.
Betula lenta
Sweet birch
The sweet birch can grow into a shrub or a medium-sized deciduous tree. Its wood is prized for its density and is used in millwork, cabinetry, and furniture. Sweet birch was also the source of wintergreen oil before 1950, synthetic oil of wintergreen appeared. It will attract birds and butterflies like green comma(Polygonia faunus).
Betula populifolia
Gray birch
Gray birch (Betula populifolia) is a deciduous tree species that grows best in full sunlight, though it prefers cool climates. Gray birch grows well in poor soils and is tolerant to birch borers. Its narrow pyramid-shape and tolerance to air pollution make it a commonly cultivated tree along city streets.
Betula papyrifera
Paper birch
Paper birch (*Betula papyrifera*) is a tree with unique, papery white bark which is known to peel off the tree. It is also known as American white birch and canoe birch. This tree is relatively short-lived, and its wood is often used to make toothpicks, ice cream sticks, wooden bobbins, clothespins, and canoes.
Betula alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) is the largest of all North American birches and among the longest-lived of all the birches, sometimes living over 100 years. It really does have yellow bark, although sometimes it can be yellow-gray or bronze. The bark’s outer layers peel off in thin, curly strips. As the tree ages, the curls become more numerous and may become shredded.
Betula utilis
Himalayan birch
Himalayan birch's Latin name, Betula utilis, means "useful," referring to the many functions of the many components of this medium-sized tree. Himalayan birch is a tree native to the Himalayas' temperate slopes, with a glittering white bark that peels every year. Sanskrit scriptures and manuscripts are written on this bark.

All Species of Betula

Silver birch
Betula pendula
Silver birch
The silver birch is native to Europe, Siberia, and China. It can grow between 15 m and 25 m, with a potential to reach 31 m. Its distinct bark is white and eventually becomes flaky. The leaves are pale green during summer and yellow during fall.
River birch
Betula nigra
River birch
The river birch is a fast-growing tree that thrives in wet environments like floodplains, bottomland and along creeks and streams. It is a native of the Eastern United States. The river birch reaches heights from 15 to 27 m tall and grows an average of 91 cm per year.
Downy birch
Betula pubescens
Downy birch
Downy birch is a pioneer species of deciduous tree native to Europe and Asia. The bark of the tree is used to make canoes and roofing materials, rope, and oil paper. Historically, the bark was also used as emergency food in times of famine.
Sweet birch
Betula lenta
Sweet birch
The sweet birch can grow into a shrub or a medium-sized deciduous tree. Its wood is prized for its density and is used in millwork, cabinetry, and furniture. Sweet birch was also the source of wintergreen oil before 1950, synthetic oil of wintergreen appeared. It will attract birds and butterflies like green comma(Polygonia faunus).
Gray birch
Betula populifolia
Gray birch
Gray birch (Betula populifolia) is a deciduous tree species that grows best in full sunlight, though it prefers cool climates. Gray birch grows well in poor soils and is tolerant to birch borers. Its narrow pyramid-shape and tolerance to air pollution make it a commonly cultivated tree along city streets.
Paper birch
Betula papyrifera
Paper birch
Paper birch (*Betula papyrifera*) is a tree with unique, papery white bark which is known to peel off the tree. It is also known as American white birch and canoe birch. This tree is relatively short-lived, and its wood is often used to make toothpicks, ice cream sticks, wooden bobbins, clothespins, and canoes.
Yellow Birch
Betula alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) is the largest of all North American birches and among the longest-lived of all the birches, sometimes living over 100 years. It really does have yellow bark, although sometimes it can be yellow-gray or bronze. The bark’s outer layers peel off in thin, curly strips. As the tree ages, the curls become more numerous and may become shredded.
Himalayan birch
Betula utilis
Himalayan birch
Himalayan birch's Latin name, Betula utilis, means "useful," referring to the many functions of the many components of this medium-sized tree. Himalayan birch is a tree native to the Himalayas' temperate slopes, with a glittering white bark that peels every year. Sanskrit scriptures and manuscripts are written on this bark.
Asian white birch
Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica
Asian white birch
A medium to large tree, asian white birch is a great choice for cottage gardens with its easy maintenance and pretty white bark. Its bright green leaves turn yellow in the fall and the tree grows small flowers.
Water birch
Betula occidentalis
Water birch
Beavers love to use the wood of water birch (Betula occidentalis) as a food source and as a dam-building material. This shrubby tree can be found in thickets at the edges of waterways all along western North America. Its extensive root system is well-suited for making sure soil doesn’t wash away, which is why it’s often used in erosion-control projects.
Heart-leaved paper birch
Betula cordifolia
Heart-leaved paper birch
Mature bark is white or bronze-white, peeling in thin layers. The leaves are alternate, ovate, 6 to 12 cm long, and double-toothed. The twigs are yellow-brown to dark-brown and are dotted with resin glands and gray lenticels. The flowers are catkins, with pollen catkins 2 to 4 cm long and seed catkins 1 to 2 cm long. The seed catkins mature to about 3 to 5 cm long and bear winged nutlets about 2 to 3 mm long.
Gold birch
Betula ermanii
Gold birch
Ermans birke is a deciduous tree that reaches heights of growth between 4 and 12 meters. Rarely, specimens can reach extreme values of up to 20 meters. The bark is yellow-white and rolling. The bark of young branches is bald, but with glandular warts and orange in color. The stalked leaves are broadly ovate.
Dwarf birch
Betula nana
Dwarf birch
Dwarf birch (Betula nana) is an arctic birch shrub with small toothed leaves. It can be found in the coldest regions of North America, Asia, and Europe, even extending as far north as Svalbard. Dwarf birch generally needs unobstructed sunlight to grow well. The leaves turn a striking red in autumn before they fall.
Resin birch
Betula glandulosa
Resin birch
The resin birch (Betula glandulosa) is indigenous to the colder reaches of North America, to include Greenland, where it's found in wetland habitats. It serves as a food source to a range of wildlife, including deer, moose, elk, and caribou. It is also helpful in controlling erosion.
Schmidt's birch
Betula schmidtii
Schmidt's birch
Schmidt's birch is a resilient deciduous tree recognized for its striking white peeling bark and elongated oval-shaped leaves with serrated edges. These features help the tree thrive in cold climates, with the bark reflecting sunlight and preventing scald, and the serrated leaves efficiently catching sunlight and water. Adapted to withstand harsh environments, schmidt's birch adds striking visual appeal to the landscapes it graces.
Newfoundland dwarf birch
Betula michauxii
Newfoundland dwarf birch
The species is 0.5 metres tall and have a wintergreen smell. The leaves are obovate and have a Glossary of botanical terms#glabrous#glabrous surface. Infructescence is cylindric, erect, short, and 5 to 8 mm long. The fruits ripen by fall and are as glabrous as the leaves.
Dwarf white birch
Betula minor
Dwarf white birch
Betula minor, the dwarf white birch, is a species of birch which can be found in Eastern Canada and in such US states as Maine, New Hampshire, and New York.
Betula costata
Betula costata
Betula costata
Betula costata is a deciduous tree notable for its peeling, chalky white bark that reveals a salmon or cinnamon underlayer. This handsome birch displays ovate, toothed leaves turning golden yellow in autumn. Thriving in cool climates, it stretches upwards to reach light, often growing in mixed forests where its distinct bark and vibrant fall foliage stand out among greenery.
Himalayan birch 'Grayswood Ghost'
Betula utilis subsp. jacquemontii 'Grayswood Ghost'
Himalayan birch 'Grayswood Ghost'
Himalayan birch 'Grayswood Ghost' is a rare cultivar of Himalayan birch that is distinguishable for its white bark and oval crown. As a cultivar of the var. jacquemontii variety, it is located at the western edge of the Himalayan birch geographic range. It may grow taller than its parent plant (var. Jacquemontii), potentially reaching 18 m instead of 12 m. The white bark certainly makes this tree ghostlike, which may explain its name.
Birches 'Fascination'
Betula albosinensis 'Fascination'
Birches 'Fascination'
The bark of birches 'Fascination' helps distinguish it from other varieties. As it peels, a deep orange is revealed on the reverse side of the bark while a pink color is revealed underneath, the visual impact of which inspired the variety's name. Its leaves are also darker than those produced by other birch varieties. Birches 'Fascination' is a medium-sized tree.
River birch 'Heritage'
Betula nigra 'Heritage'
River birch 'Heritage'
River birch 'Heritage' (Betula nigra 'Heritage') is commonly sold as 'Heritage' but is also known as 'Cully' after Earl Cully who discovered it in St. Louis, Missouri. This birch is derived from river birch (Betula nigra) and shares the same size and growth rate. However, river birch 'Heritage' can be a single trunk or a multi-stemmed tree and features creamy pink bark and an impressive inner white core.
Himalayan birch 'Doorenbos'
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii 'Doorenbos'
Himalayan birch 'Doorenbos'
Himalayan birch 'Doorenbos' is an award-winning Himalayan birch cultivar, primarily bred for its medium-size and vigorous, fast growth rate. The cultivar is distinguished by its crisp white bark. It can be grown as a single-stem or multi-stem tree.
Silver birch 'Youngii'
Betula pendula 'Youngii'
Silver birch 'Youngii'
Silver birch 'Youngii' is an ornamental tree with fine foliage, which starts out green and then slowly becomes yellow in the fall. It is named for the graceful way that its branches slope down from the trunk. They last about 30 years, growing fairly slowly and needing only a little upkeep once a year.
Himalayan birch 'Doorenbos'
Betula utilis subsp. jacquemontii 'Doorenbos'
Himalayan birch 'Doorenbos'
Himalayan birch 'Doorenbos' grows as a large tree offering crisp, white bark that peels off to expose pale orange tones that eventually become a bright white. The foliage is dark green turning to golden-yellow in fall. It is a cultivar of Himalayan birch. The name comes from the Dutch words ‘Dooren’, which means 'thorns', and ‘Bos’ which means 'bush'. This cultivar is favored by gardeners for its low-maintenance needs.
Silver birch 'Laciniata'
Betula pendula 'Laciniata'
Silver birch 'Laciniata'
A winner of the Award of Garden Merit, silver birch 'Laciniata' is known for its weeping-willow-type branches and incised leaves. Cultivated from the Betula alba, this cultivar was named for the deep "lacerations" found in each leaf. Silver birch 'Laciniata' is beloved for its elegant, sweeping branches and uniquely shaped leaves.
Himalayan birch 'Silver Shadow'
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii 'Silver Shadow'
Himalayan birch 'Silver Shadow'
Himalayan birch 'Silver Shadow' is a type of birch tree that has unique white bark that peels away to reveal new silvery-gray bark underneath. The bark is considered the whitest of all birch trees. The leaves change from green to orange and gold in the fall. Some people add this tree to streets or landscapes for commercial uses while others may use it as an ornamental tree in their yard.
Birches 'Royal Frost'
Betula platyphylla 'Royal Frost'
Birches 'Royal Frost'
This burgundy-leaved, white-barked birch variety grows massively tall, up to forty feet high. Birches 'Royal Frost' was cultivated as a cross between Betula populifolia 'Whitespire' and Betula 'Crimson Frost,' which is how it was named – for its royal purple color and 'Frost' parent. Birches 'Royal Frost' is regarded highly for its unique foliage and bark, seasonal beauty, and ease of care.
Chinese birch
Betula chinensis
Chinese birch
The species is 5 metres (16 ft) tall with either yellow or yellowish-brown colour. Leaf blade is elliptic and ovate with a diameter of 1.5–6 centimetres (0.59–2.36 in) by 1–5 centimetres (0.39–1.97 in). Female species have a subglobose inflorescence which is also oblong with a diameter of 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) by 0.6–1.5 centimetres (0.24–0.59 in). It peduncle is 1–2 millimetres (0.039–0.079 in) long while its bracts can be as long as 5–9 millimetres (0.20–0.35 in). Flowers bloom from spring to summer while the fruits ripe in summer.
Erman's birch 'Grayswood Hill'
Betula ermanii 'Grayswood Hill'
Erman's birch 'Grayswood Hill'
Erman's birch 'Grayswood Hill' is named after Grayswood Hill, a 193 m hill close to Haslemere, England. This silver birch has striking cream-white peeling bark and grows to 12 m, much less than the 20 m of the parent tree. Gardeners appreciate its ability to grow well in a wide range of well-drained soils.
Himalayan birch 'Grayswood Ghost'
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii 'Grayswood Ghost'
Himalayan birch 'Grayswood Ghost'
The white trunk of the himalayan birch 'Grayswood Ghost' certainly has a ghostly appearance. This white bark is characteristic of all Himalayan birches but this hybrid differs because it has larger leaves. This hybrid is naturally selected and originates from Hazelmere, Surrey, in the United Kingdom.
Himalayan birch 'White Satin'
Betula utilis 'White Satin'
Himalayan birch 'White Satin'
Himalayan birch 'White Satin' is a birch hybrid noted for its unusually pure-white papery bark, which is whiter than that of the parent tree. This is a dwarf hybrid, ideal for gardens, growing to a maximum height of 10 m in contrast to the 20 m of the parent tree.
Lesser birch
Betula humilis
Lesser birch
Lesser birch is a shrub-like variety of birch, distinguished by its low stature with slender branches. It flourishes in peat bogs and wetlands where its leaves—which are smaller and more rounded than those of its taller relatives—capture sunlight efficiently. Yellowish-brown catkins grace lesser birch in the spring, contributing to its unassuming charm.
Betula fruticosa
Betula fruticosa
Betula fruticosa
Betula fruticosa is a hardy shrub notable for its peeling white bark and delicate branches. Its leaves are small and serrated, a gleaming green that turns to vibrant yellow in the fall. Adaptable to various soils, betula fruticosa thrives in cold, northern climates, often colonizing open spaces where its roots help stabilize the soil. It plays a vital ecological role as shelter and sustenance for local wildlife.
popular genus

More Popular Genus

Dracaena
Dracaena
Dracaena are popular house plants that are easy to grow. They can tolerate low-light conditions and require little watering. Their leaves range from variegated to dark green. Their characteristic traits include woody stems that grow slowly but offer a striking appearance for small spaces such as apartments or offices.
Ficus
Fig trees
Fig trees have been cultivated in many regions for their fruits, particularly the common fig, F. carica. Most of the species have edible fruits, although the common fig is the only one of commercial value. Fig trees are also important food sources for wildlife in the tropics, including monkeys, bats, and insects.
Rubus
Brambles
Brambles are members of the rose family, and there are hundreds of different types to be found throughout the European countryside. They have been culturally significant for centuries; Christian folklore stories hold that when the devil was thrown from heaven, he landed on a bramble bush. Their vigorous growth habit can tangle into native plants and take over.
Acer
Maples
The popular tree family known as maples change the color of their leaves in the fall. Many cultural traditions encourage people to watch the colors change, such as momijigari in Japan. Maples popular options for bonsai art. Alternately, their sap is used to create maple syrup.
Prunus
Prunus
Prunus is a genus of flowering fruit trees that includes almonds, cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines, and apricots. These are often known as "stone fruits" because their pits are large seeds or "stones." When prunus trees are damaged, they exhibit "gummosis," a condition in which the tree's gum (similar to sap) is secreted to the bark to help heal external wounds.
Solanum
Nightshades
Nightshades is a large and diverse genus of plants, with more than 1500 different types worldwide. This genus incorporates both important staple food crops like tomato, potato, and eggplant, but also dangerous poisonous plants from the nightshade family. The name was coined by Pliny the Elder almost two thousand years ago.
Rosa
Roses
Most species of roses are shrubs or climbing plants that have showy flowers and sharp thorns. They are commonly cultivated for cut flowers or as ornamental plants in gardens due to their attractive appearance, pleasant fragrance, and cultural significance in many countries. The rose hips (fruits) can also be used in jams and teas.
Quercus
Oaks
Oaks are among the world's longest-lived trees, sometimes growing for over 1,000 years! The oldest known oak tree is in the southern United States and is over 1,500 years old. Oaks produce an exceedingly popular type of wood which is used to make different products, from furniture and flooring to wine barrels and even cosmetic creams.
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About
Key Facts
Distribution
How To Care
All Species
More Genus
Betula
Betula
Betula
Betula
Betula
Betula
Betula
Betula
Betula grow throughout the world, and are known for their bark which, on all species except the gray birch, peels off in strips. These trees produce large amounts of pollen; they're thought to be responsible for up to 20% of hay fever cases in the northern hemisphere. Bark from betula has been used for centuries to create paper. Afghani texts from the first century were made using this type of bark, and the ancient Romans also wrote on birch paper. The trees' sap and syrup are traditional delicacies in some countries.
Lifespan
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Plant Type
Tree
info

Key Facts About Betula

Attributes of Betula

Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
0 - 32 ℃

Scientific Classification of Betula

distribution

Distribution of Betula

Distribution Map of Betula

distribution map
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
care detail

How to Grow and Care for Betula

The betula , or Birch genus, abundantly found across both hemispheres, requires attention for thriving growth. Preferring full sunlight to partial shade locations, they require moist, well-drained soil with a preferred temperature range of 4-24 degrees Celsius. Common challenges include infestations from pests such as leaf miners, aphids, and Bronze Birch Borer, and diseases like Black Knot. Betula s are sensitive to dry conditions and pollution. Seasonal care includes regular watering in summer, mulching in winter for insulation, spring pruning, and autumn leaf monitoring.
More Info About Caring for Betula
species

Exploring the Betula Plants

8 most common species:
Betula pendula
Silver birch
The silver birch is native to Europe, Siberia, and China. It can grow between 15 m and 25 m, with a potential to reach 31 m. Its distinct bark is white and eventually becomes flaky. The leaves are pale green during summer and yellow during fall.
Betula nigra
River birch
The river birch is a fast-growing tree that thrives in wet environments like floodplains, bottomland and along creeks and streams. It is a native of the Eastern United States. The river birch reaches heights from 15 to 27 m tall and grows an average of 91 cm per year.
Betula pubescens
Downy birch
Downy birch is a pioneer species of deciduous tree native to Europe and Asia. The bark of the tree is used to make canoes and roofing materials, rope, and oil paper. Historically, the bark was also used as emergency food in times of famine.
Betula lenta
Sweet birch
The sweet birch can grow into a shrub or a medium-sized deciduous tree. Its wood is prized for its density and is used in millwork, cabinetry, and furniture. Sweet birch was also the source of wintergreen oil before 1950, synthetic oil of wintergreen appeared. It will attract birds and butterflies like green comma(Polygonia faunus).
Show More Species

All Species of Betula

popular genus

More Popular Genus

Dracaena
Dracaena
Dracaena are popular house plants that are easy to grow. They can tolerate low-light conditions and require little watering. Their leaves range from variegated to dark green. Their characteristic traits include woody stems that grow slowly but offer a striking appearance for small spaces such as apartments or offices.
Ficus
Fig trees
Fig trees have been cultivated in many regions for their fruits, particularly the common fig, F. carica. Most of the species have edible fruits, although the common fig is the only one of commercial value. Fig trees are also important food sources for wildlife in the tropics, including monkeys, bats, and insects.
Rubus
Brambles
Brambles are members of the rose family, and there are hundreds of different types to be found throughout the European countryside. They have been culturally significant for centuries; Christian folklore stories hold that when the devil was thrown from heaven, he landed on a bramble bush. Their vigorous growth habit can tangle into native plants and take over.
Acer
Maples
The popular tree family known as maples change the color of their leaves in the fall. Many cultural traditions encourage people to watch the colors change, such as momijigari in Japan. Maples popular options for bonsai art. Alternately, their sap is used to create maple syrup.
Prunus
Prunus
Prunus is a genus of flowering fruit trees that includes almonds, cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines, and apricots. These are often known as "stone fruits" because their pits are large seeds or "stones." When prunus trees are damaged, they exhibit "gummosis," a condition in which the tree's gum (similar to sap) is secreted to the bark to help heal external wounds.
Solanum
Nightshades
Nightshades is a large and diverse genus of plants, with more than 1500 different types worldwide. This genus incorporates both important staple food crops like tomato, potato, and eggplant, but also dangerous poisonous plants from the nightshade family. The name was coined by Pliny the Elder almost two thousand years ago.
Rosa
Roses
Most species of roses are shrubs or climbing plants that have showy flowers and sharp thorns. They are commonly cultivated for cut flowers or as ornamental plants in gardens due to their attractive appearance, pleasant fragrance, and cultural significance in many countries. The rose hips (fruits) can also be used in jams and teas.
Quercus
Oaks
Oaks are among the world's longest-lived trees, sometimes growing for over 1,000 years! The oldest known oak tree is in the southern United States and is over 1,500 years old. Oaks produce an exceedingly popular type of wood which is used to make different products, from furniture and flooring to wine barrels and even cosmetic creams.
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