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Plant Encyclopedia > Common borage

Common borage

Borago officinalis

Also known as : Cover Crop, Borage, Beebread, Tailwort

The edible leaves of common borage, said to have the fragrance and taste of cucumbers, are often used to make salads, soup, and sauces. Its blue, star-like flowers can also be used as an attractive drink garnish and as an ingredient in some gins. The plant is also commercially cultivated for borage seed oil.

Hardiness Zones

2 to 11

Toxic to Pets

Care Guide for Common borage

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Watering Care

Keep the soil around young Common borage plants moist. Once the plants mature, cut back watering until the first inch of soil around them is dry.

Details on Watering Care

Fertilizing Care

If your soil is poor or your common borage plants are young, feeding monthly with a balanced plant fertilizer will help. Using one that's high in phosphorus might help the plant flower more. Only fertilize during the growing season, and water in well afterward.

Details on Fertilizing Care

Pruning

Trim the diseased, withered leaves once a month.

Details on Pruning

Soil Care

Clay, Chalky, Sandy loam, Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline

Details on Soil Care

Repotting

Needs excellent drainage in pots.

Details on Repotting

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Common borage

Water

Twice per week

Hardiness Zones

2 to 11

Planting Time

Spring, Fall

Questions About Common borage

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Common borage?

To water Common borage, you can use a garden hose with a spray nozzle, a watering can, or just about any other common watering tool. Generally, Common borage is not too picky about how they receive their water, as they can live off of rainwater, tap water, or filtered water. Often, you should try not to water this plant from overhead, as doing so can damage the leaves and flowers and may lead to disease as well. At times, the best method for watering this plant is to set up a drip irrigation system. These systems work well for Common borage as they apply water evenly and directly to the soil. For one Common borage that grows in a container, you can use a similar watering approach while changing the tools you use. To water a container-grown Common borage, use a cup, watering can, or your tap to apply water directly to the soil.

What should I do if I water my Common borage too much or too little?

The remedy for underwatering Common borage is somewhat obvious. When you notice that your plant lacks moisture, simply begin watering it on a more regular basis. The issue of overwatering can be a much more dire situation, especially if you fail to notice it early. When your Common borage is overwatered, it may contract diseases that lead to its decline and death. The best way to prevent this outcome is to choose a proper growing location, one that receives plenty of sunlight to help dry the soil and has good enough drainage to allow excess water to drain rather than pooling and causing waterlogged soils. If you overwater your Common borage that lives in a pot, you may need to consider changing it to a new pot. Your previous container may not have contained soil with good drainage or may not have had sufficient drainage holes. As you repot your overwatered Common borage, make sure to add loose soils and to use a pot that drains efficiently.

How often should I water my Common borage?

Common borage needs water regularly throughout the growing season. Beginning in spring, you should plan to water this plant about once per week. As the season presses on and grows warmer, you may need to increase your watering rate to about two to three times per week. Exceeding at this rate can be detrimental to your Common borage. With that said, you should also ensure that the soil in which your Common borage grows remains relatively moist but not wet, regardless of how often you must water to make that the case. Watering Common borage that lives in a pot is a bit different. Generally, you'll need to increase your watering frequency, as the soil in a pot can heat up and dry out a bit faster than ground soil. As such, you should plan to water a container-grown Common borage a few times per week in most cases, versus just once per week for an in-ground plant.

How much water does my Common borage need?

There are a few different ways you can go about determining how much water to give to your Common borage. Some gardeners choose to pick their water volume based on feeling the soil for moisture. That method suggests that you should water until you feel that the first six inches of soil have become moist. Alternatively, you can use a set measurement to determine how much to water your Common borage. Typically, you should give your Common borage about two gallons of water per week, depending on how hot it is and how quickly the soil becomes dry. However, following strict guidelines like that can lead to overwatering if your plant requires less than two gallons per week for whatever reason. When growing Common borage in a container, you will need to use a different method to determine how much water to supply. Typically, you should give enough water to moisten all of the layers of soil that have become dry. To test if that is the case, you can simply stick your finger in the soil to feel for moisture. You can also water the soil until you notice a slight trickle of excess water exiting the drainage holes of your pot.

How can I tell if i'm watering my Common borage enough?

It can be somewhat difficult to avoid overwatering your Common borage. On the one hand, these plants have relatively deep roots that require you to moisten the soil weekly. On the other hand, Common borage are plants that are incredibly susceptible to root rot. Along with root rot, your Common borage may also experience browning as a result of overwatering. Underwatering is far less likely for your Common borage as these plants can survive for a while in the absence of supplemental watering. However, if you go too long without giving this plant water, it will likely begin to wilt. You may also notice dry leaves.

How should I water my Common borage through the seasons?

You can expect your Common borage’s water needs to increase as the season moves on. During spring, you should water about once per week. Then, as the summer heat arrives, you will likely need to give a bit more water to your Common borage, at times increasing to about three times per week. This is especially true of Common borage that grow in containers, as the soil in a container is far more likely to dry out faster than ground soil when the weather is warm. In autumn, while your Common borage is still in bloom, it may need a bit less water as the temperature has likely declined, and the sun is no longer as strong as it was in summer.

How should I water my Common borage at different growth stages?

Common borage will move through several different growth stages throughout the year, some of which may require more water than others. For example, you will probably start your Common borage as a seed. While the seed germinates, you should plant to give more water than your Common borage will need later in life, watering often enough to maintain consistent soil moisture. After a few weeks, your Common borage will grow above the soil and may need slightly less water than at the seedling phase. Then, once this plant is mature, you can begin to use the regular watering frequency of about once per week. As flower development takes place, you may need to give slightly more water to aid the process.

What's the difference between watering Common borage indoors and outdoors?

There are several reasons why most Common borage grow outdoors rather than indoors. The first is that these plants typically grow to tall. The second reason is that Common borage needs more daily sunlight than most indoor growing locations can provide. If you are able to provide a suitable indoor growing location, you may find that you need to give your Common borage water a bit more often than you would in an outdoor growing location. Part of the reason for this is that indoor growing locations tend to be a lot drier than outdoor ones due to HVAC units. The other reason for this is that soil in containers can dry out relatively quickly as well compared to soil in the ground.

Is pruning necessary for my Common borage?

Common borage is a kind of annual plant so it doesn't need much pruning. You only need to cut off and clean the diseased, yellow or dropped leaves and stems during its growing period. This will help your Common borage to stay away from pathogens infection.

How do I prune my Common borage?

During the growth of the plant, yellowing, drying and spotted leaves are produced, and these spotted and discolored leaves need to be trimmed off. If the whole piece of leave is discolored or infected, you will need to cut it off completely. In other situations, you will only need to cut off the discolored or infected part on certain leaves. Common borage above the ground will die and dry up in the winter, and the dead plants need to be cleaned up.

Are there any cautions I should be careful with when pruning my Common borage?

Common borage leaves are delicate, so take care not to score or bruise them. Unless the leaves are withered or heavily discolored, do not prune the leaves from the lowermost branches unless they’re damaged. They typically grow the largest, so they supply the plant with critical energy to keep it growing right. Please prevent the wounds from water after pruning until they are fully recovered. Remember always sterilize the tools before pruning. When the pruning is finished, please throw all the waste leaves and stems into the trashbins to avoid diseases and bugs.

Are there any tips for pruning my Common borage?

Sterilize all the tools before pruning; unclean tools will pass pathogens to the plant through wounds; Prune on sunny days because the new cuts will be infected by pathogens if they're distained by rain or water. Throw all the waste leaves and stems into trashbins, they will easily rot and attract diseases and bugs

When should/shouldn't I prune my Common borage?

Expect to prune your Common borage every week if it’s growing well or every two weeks if it grows slowly. It is always good to prune it on sunny days because if you prune it on rainy days, the rainwater will distain the cuts and cause the whole plant to be infected.

What should I look for when pruning my Common borage in different seasons?

Because Common borage is an annual plant, the pruning should take place basically during the seasons that the plant grows rapidly. During the growth of the plant, yellowing, drying and spotted leaves are produced, and these spotted and discolored leaves need to be trimmed off.

How much sunlight should Common borage get per day to grow healthily?

You must expose the plants to at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight daily. They prefer more exposure to the morning light, especially in the summer. The Common borage needs full sun and more sunlight that it can get. The more light these species get, the more they can manufacture food, produce beautiful blooms, and survive.

What type of sunlight does Common borage need?

The Common borage grows best under full sunlight. It's best not to crowd them together so they can get exposure to the sun evenly. The leaves shouldn't be starved with sunlight. If planted in pots, try to expose the herbaceous flowers in windows with direct sun and ensure they receive full sunlight regardless of the months. They don't tend to do well in partial or filtered light as this will not produce strong stems and healthy flowers. It's best if the Common borage is always exposed to the sun.

Can sunlight hurt plants? How to protect Common borage from sun and heat damage?

When the temperature rises above 90℉(32℃), the Common borage can get damaged by extreme temperatures, especially if they are exposed to many hours of sun. It's always ideal for providing some shade from the light in the afternoon in the summer. It's always important to keep in mind that the sunlight in the summer is stronger than the one in the winter. Sunlight exposure is also 50% longer in the summer than in the winter. If the Common borage is too stressed with sunlight, you might want to keep them fully hydrated. Water them when the top of the soil is about 2 inches dry, and move the plants indoors if it's too hot outside. This is the case if they are planted in containers. It can be normal for the plant leaves to wilt during the day. Generally, they can recover at night. However, when you notice that the Common borage is still drooping, this means that the plant is losing water fast, and you need to water them.

Should I protect Common borage from sun exposure?

The Common borage does not need any protection from the sun. In fact, they love the sun, and some species are heliotropic. Plant them in south-facing gardens whenever possible so they can be exposed from morning to afternoon. While the sun can benefit them, some may experience a sunburn. You might offer protection from the afternoon and midday sun through a shade of a tree or a wall. Growing the Common borage in shady areas is impossible because the larger flowers would require a lot of energy to grow and produce. Always provide the lighting conditions and set them in an area with full sun for best results.

What will happen if Common borage gets inadequate sunlight?

When the Common borage does not get adequate sunlight, or they are not placed in full sun locations, it's worth noting that the photosynthetic process will slow down. A lack of sunlight will cause the stems to become more leggy since they become thin and long since they tend to seek too much sunlight. They will not bloom and produce seeds in the shade. Inadequate sunlight will also mean that the older leaves can die, the color of the new ones is lighter than the old foliage, and the new growth is smaller than the last ones. The Common borage indeed loves the sun so much. However, they can wilt when exposed to excessive heat and ultraviolet light during the extreme summer months, so be careful. You might want to cover them with a net that has a green shade, especially in the summer, to prevent the leaves and the flowers from scorching. When they are indoors, reduce the heat with the help of a fan.

Does Common borage need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

When the Common borage is growing, they need more light than their mature counterparts. The younger ones should receive adequate light, but they might not be prepared for sudden full sunlight, especially if they are grown in a nursery. They can be more sensitive to the summer sun, so the lighting should be gradual and slow.

How much light does Common borage need for photosynthesis?

During summer or late spring, the Common borage needs 6 to 8 hours of direct light every single day. This is whether they are planted outdoors. If the Common borage is planted in pots or you're growing them in the winter, they need direct fluorescent lights that help them grow better. Make sure to place them in an indoor area where they are facing south or east so they can have enough sunlight for photosynthesis.

Are there any cautions or tips for sunlight and Common borage?

When transplanting the plants, they should not be exposed to sudden sunlight. Give the Common borage to grow and mature before transplanting outside. Some species of herbaceous plants can grow taller and might cast a shade on other young plants. Allow between 80 to 100 days of growing season before planting another batch to ensure that every plant receives more than enough sunlight for at least 6 hours a day. Make sure that the Common borage receives the best light possible, especially if it's planted in a nursery. These are sun-loving plants, but too much sunlight with a very hot temperature is also detrimental to their growth. Indoor lights should be replaced with natural sunlight as much as possible since these species crave this every day.

What is the optimal temperature for Common borage?

The best temperature for Common borage depends on the time of year. There are two primary seasons to discuss for temperature: the growing season, and the dormancy season. During the growing season, once Common borage has begun to sprout, the ideal temperature range should be anywhere from 65~80℉(18~27℃). Any colder than 15℉(-10℃), and the plant will suffer; its leaves may brown and wilt, but if this is a short cold snap, then Common borage may be able to survive with some help. During the warmer parts of the year, Common borage will need to be similarly protected from temperatures that are too high. 95-105℉ (35-40℃) is the top of this plant’s temperature range, and anything above that will compromise the integrity of the foliage and blooms of Common borage. Hotter temperatures can cause wilting, drooping, and even sunburn on the leaves, which can be difficult for Common borage to recover from. There are quite a few ways to combat this issue that are quick and easy!

Temperature requirements for first year or seedling Common borage

If this is the first year of your Common borage outside as a new plant, then it may need a little extra tending during the coldest months of the year. Not only can frost more severely damage a first-year Common borage, but it can also prevent it from growing back as a healthy plant come spring. This plant needs to be kept at 40℉(5℃) or above when they’re not yet established, which can be done either by bringing your Common borage inside for a month or two, or putting up mulch or fabric barriers that protect from frost damage. It’s also a good idea to plant Common borage in a shadier spot during the first year or two, as smaller and weaker plants have a more difficult time maintaining their own temperatures in the heat. First-year Common borage should receive no more than five hours of direct sunlight per day, particularly if the ambient daytime temperature gets above 80℉(27℃). Shadecloth and frequent watering or misting are the keys to summer heat control.

How can I protect Common borage from extreme temperatures?

If cold temperatures (below 15℉(-10℃)) do occur during the growing season, there are a few measures you can take to help protect Common borage from frost or cold damage. If you’re growing Common borage in a container, then the container can simply be brought inside in bright, indirect light until the temperatures rise up over the lower threshold again. Another option that’s better suited for ground-planted Common borage is to use mulch or horticultural fabric to create an insulated barrier around the plant, which will protect the plant from frost and cold wind. For temperatures that are hotter than 80℉(27℃) in the shade during the day, be careful to only expose Common borage to six hours or less of sunlight per day, preferably in the morning hours. Putting up shade cloth, or a fine plastic mesh, can help reduce the amount of direct sunlight that hits the plant during the hottest parts of the day. You can also install a misting system that allows for a slow release of cooling mist around the base of the plant during the day to lower ground temperatures.

Dormant season temperature recommendations for Common borage

During the cold winter months, Common borage needs a certain measure of cold in order to stay in dormancy until it’s time to sprout. Sprouting too early, that is before the danger of the last frost has passed, can be fatal to Common borage, especially if it’s already had a head start when the frost hits. Winter temperatures should ideally stay below 32℉(0℃), but if they get up to 40℉(5℃), everything will be just fine. An unexpected warm spell during the cold months, which can happen in more temperate climates like woodland rainforests, can trigger a premature sprout from Common borage. In this case, if there’s still imminent danger of frost, you may want to try covering it with clear plastic on stakes so that the cold has less of a chance of damaging the new sprout. This setup can be removed when the danger of frost has passed. Occasionally, Common borage will be able to resprout at the correct time without any help, but this method increases the chances of a successful second sprouting.

Why do I need to fertilize my Common borage?

All plants need nutrients to grow, but some types are able to take what they need and don’t need any supplementation with fertilizers. Common borage, like other plants, use nutrients to support growth and all internal processes. Each of the main nutrients that plants use (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) contribute to one or more of a plant’s essential functions, and in the case of foliage it is nitrogen that provides the most support. It can be difficult for a Common borage to get enough nitrogen from the soil, which is why many gardeners prefer to supplement by feeding Common borage with a source of nitrogen.

When is the best time to fertilize my Common borage?

Common borage generally grows well, but a fertilizer can be applied about once a month to give the plant a boost when it is actively growing. You should fertilize Common borage about once a month only during the spring and summer months, but not during fall and winter when it becomes less active and does not use as many nutrients. You’ll know when to start fertilizing Common borage if you see signs of new growth. The fertilization schedule remains the same whether the plant is grown outside or indoors in a container. However, if your Common borage is in a container, you probably will not need to fertilize for the first one to two months. Potting soil made for container plants already contains plenty of nutrients, so you should only start to fertilize after your plant has been in the same soil for a while.

When should I avoid fertilizing my Common borage?

Never fertilize your Common borage if it is not healthy, for example if it has developed a disease or has insect pests on it. Also do not fertilize a dehydrated plant, since the fertilizer will make this problem even worse. Only fertilize healthy plants. Do not splash fertilizer onto the leaves or stem of this plant when watering, since it can cause burned spots. Be careful not to allow the fertilizer to make direct contact with the plant, unless you are usually a special fertilizer designed to be applied to the foliage.

What type of fertilizer does my Common borage need?

Fertilizers contain high levels of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, along with other essential nutrients such as iron, manganese and zinc. These are all necessary elements that promote growth in Common borage. A balanced fertilizer works well for Common borage, for example an all-purpose fertilizer with a 10-10-10 NPK number. For natural fertilizers, blood meal or worm castings work well. You may also choose a fertilizer that is higher in nitrogen than other nutrients, such as fish fertilizer. Nitrogen provides support to leaves, which are the main feature that people want from Common borage. There is no point in providing a lot of supplements for flowers or seeds if that is not your purpose in growing the plant.

How do I fertilize my Common borage?

Apply fertilizer based on the instructions on the particular type you have purchased. It is generally a good idea to start with half-strength fertilizer to avoid accidentally over-fertilizing your Common borage. Since this plant requires frequent fertilization, it is common to accidentally fertilize too much. Remember that it’s always easier to add more fertilizer than it is to try to save an over-fertilized plant. Don’t apply fertilizer to dry soil - it should already be at least somewhat moist before fertilizing. This helps the fertilizer absorb more easily and helps avoid fertilizer burn. You should also water after applying dry fertilizers to your soil. Some fertilizers are meant to be mixed into the soil when planting, while others are applied on top of the soil and then watered in. For most types of Common borage, a water soluble fertilizer is an easy choice. Simply mix the fertilizer solution into your watering can at the recommended dosage for Common borage and then water the plant as usual. Slow-release granules or fertilizer spikes can also work well if you prefer not to remember to fertilize monthly.

What happens if I fertilize my Common borage too much?

Over-fertilization leads to a build-up of salts in the soil which leads to a lack of vitality overall and pale coloration in the leaves. Leaves may also wilt or develop brown tips as the excess salt from the fertilizer tries to make its way out of the leaves. Too much fertilizer makes it impossible for the plant to take up water and nutrients, which will eventually kill it if you don’t take steps to save your Common borage. If the Common borage is in a container, you could either remove it from the pot and repot it in fresh potting mix, or flush out the soil by running a lot of water through and letting it drain out thoroughly. If your Common borage is outdoors, the same theory applies, although it can be more difficult to flush outdoor soil. Water thoroughly and hold off on fertilizing again for a while. You may want to perform a soil test before you add any more fertilizer to make sure you don’t provide too much of any one nutrient.

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Key Facts About Common borage

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Attributes of Common borage

Lifespan

Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Plant Type

Herb

Planting Time

Spring, Fall

Bloom Time

Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Harvest Time

Mid summer, Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Plant Height

60 cm to 1.2 m

Spread

22 cm to 60 cm

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

1.5 cm to 2.5 cm

Flower Color

Blue

White

Fruit Color

Green

Stem Color

Green

Red

Brown

Dormancy

Winter dormancy

Leaf type

Deciduous

Ideal Temperature

20 - 38 ℃

Growth Season

Summer, Fall

Pollinators

Bees

Growth Rate

Moderate

Name story

Common borage

Borage is considered as its common name and its genus name. Borago comes from medieval Latin, meaning "short wool, rough hair" in which the stems and leaves are covered with hairs. Borage is a very common plant and it is one of the vegetables and herbs that can be grown in many places, so it is called common borage.

Symbolism

Courage, romantic longing, domestic tranquility

Usages

Garden Use

The common borage is an edible plant widely grown as a bed and border plant within edible herb, cottage, and pollinator gardens. In addition to being edible, the common borage is prized for being low care as it is both pest and disease free. It can be accompanied by a range of companion plants, such as cornflower, chives, annual sage, and common poppy.

Trivia and Interesting Facts

According to legend, one should hold up a common borage in both hands, silently recite the name of ones' love, then let the common borage fall into the water. If the common borage moves with the water, then the love is destined for nothing; if the common borage floats quietly in the middle of the water, then the love will last forever.

Scientific Classification of Common borage

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

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Common Pests & Diseases About Common borage

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Common issues for Common borage based on 10 million real cases

Underwatering dry

Underwatering is a stress-induced condition that affects Common borage, leading to various physiological dysfunctions. Primarily caused by insufficient water supply, it impedes growth, reduces crop yield, tarnishes aesthetics and may even lead to plant death if left unchecked.

Leaf beetles

Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.

Solutions: For less serious cases: Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread. To treat more serious infestations: Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions. Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.

Underwatering

Leaves may wilt for a variety of reasons.

Solutions: The easiest (and most obvious) way to address underwatering is to fully hydrate the plant. However, this must be done carefully. A common mistake that many gardeners make is to douse their underwatered plants with water. This can overwhelm the roots of the plant and shock its system, something that can be even more damaging than the lack of water to begin with. Instead, water thoroughly and slowly, taking breaks to let the water slowly saturate through the soil to get to the roots. Use room temperature water, as cold water might be too much of a shock. In the future, shorten the time between waterings. A good rule of thumb is to check the soil around each plant daily. If it’s dry to at least two inches down, it’s time to water. If a container plant is repeatedly drying out very quickly, repotting into a slower-draining container might be a good idea, too.

Brown spot

This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.

Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.

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Common borage and Their Toxicity

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* The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.

Toxic to Dogs

These plants are moderately to severely toxic to dogs, with reactions dependent on how much of the plant is ingested. Common borage contains several toxic tannins, which can be found within all parts of the plant. These tannins cause dermatological and gastrointestinal distress and, in severe cases, long-term damage to the intestines and/or kidneys. Common symptoms that follow ingestion include vomiting, bloody diarrhea, red or burnt-looking gums or tongue, labored breathing, and tremors. If too much is eaten and a dog goes untreated, common borage poisoning may be fatal.

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Distribution of Common borage

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Habitat of Common borage

Waste ground

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Common borage

The native range of common borage is Western and Central Mediterranean. It naturally grows in disturbed sites of urban environments. The species was introduced to many European and Asian countries, and much of North America, where it tends to invade disturbed areas. It is considered invasive in Alaska (USA).

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Common Borage Growth and Care

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Basic Care Guide

Common Pests & Diseases

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Lighting

Full sun

Common borage thrives with ample sunlight exposure, although it can withstand less than optimal illumination, promoting healthy growth. Originating from habitats with considerable light, it can show slow growth or faded leaves with diminished light exposure. Conversely, too much light might also cause damage, evident through leaf burn.

Best Sunlight Practices

Transplant

1-2 feet

The sweet spot for transplanting common borage is during the brisk, lively seasons of S1-S3. It's nature's way of ensuring vibrant growth. In terms of location, common borage takes kindly to sun and partial shade. As for a handy tip, remember to water thoroughly after transplanting to help it settle in. Happy Gardening!

Transplant Techniques

Temperature

0 - 43 ℃

Common borage is native to temperate climates. Its temperature preference ranges from 68 to 100 °F (20 to 38 ℃). As seasons shift, it can adapt, but maintain temperatures within its preferred range for optimal growth.

Temp for Healthy Growth

Pruning

Spring, Summer, Autumn

A popular herb with star-shaped flowers and hairy leaves, common borage benefits from regular deadheading to encourage continuous blooming. Pinch off growing tips and remove wilted flowers. Optimal pruning occurs from early spring to late fall, aligning with growth cycles. This encourages bushier growth, prevents self-seeding, and extends the flowering period. Annual rejuvenation by cutting back old growth is recommended.

Pruning techniques

Propagation

Spring

Common borage propagates primarily through sowing in Spring, with moderate ease. Signs of successful propagation include emerging seedlings and robust growth. Sow seeds shallowly with adequate spacing for optimal results.

Propagation Techniques

Pollination

Easy

Buzzing bees, smitten by common borage's alluring scent and vibrantly blue flowers, serve as the prime pollinators. They feverishly extract nectar while inadvertently collecting pollen on their fuzzy bodies, thus aiding in cross-pollination. This fascinating process happens optimally during the early morning. Common borage's divine dance with bees ensures the thriving of future generations, a testament to nature's grand design.

Pollination Techniques

Underwatering dry

Wilting

Wilting is a disease that affects the health and vitality of Common borage, leading to a decline in growth and productivity. The disease is caused by several pathogens and environmental factors, presenting visible symptoms during the plant's growth stage, but can be managed or prevented through various control methods reliant upon careful plant management.

Flower withering

Flower withering is a disease impacting the vitality of Common borage. This condition generally causes the flowers to wilt prematurely or fail to bloom, negatively affecting its aesthetics and reproduction process. It can be triggered by a variety of factors like pathogens or unfavorable environmental conditions.

Flower wilting

Flower wilting is a disease that causes the blossoms of Common borage to droop and eventually shrink. It's caused by pathogens and unfavorable growing conditions, reduces plant vigor, and hinders the normal growth process.

Dark blotch

Dark blotch is a persistent fungal disease that significantly diminishes the health and appearance of Common borage. The disease causes black spots on leaves, leads to premature foliage drop, and deteriorates overall plant vitality.

Brown blotch

Brown spot is a fungal disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae, which predominantly impacts the leaves of Common borage. It induces the appearance of brownish spots, leading to early defoliation and significant yield reduction.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew is a widespread fungal disease severely affecting the vitality of Common borage. It leaves the foliage with a white, powdery film, stunting growth and reducing yields.

Plant dried up

Plant dried up disease is a severe condition that causes Common borage to wilt and eventually die due to dehydration. Inadequate water and extreme conditions are primary causes. The disease is moderately infectious but highly lethal to Common borage.

Leaf wilting

Leaf wilting is a plant disease that can significantly impact the growth and productivity of Common borage. This ailment stresses the plant's vascular system, causing leaves to droop, dry out, yellow, or fall off prematurely, ultimately causing a decrease in plant vigor and potential yield losses.

Leaf rot

Leaf rot is a fungal disease that severely impacts Common borage's growth and yield. It is caused by various fungi including Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia, characterized by dark, soggy spots on leaves that indicate decay. It also poses significant threats to the plant's overall health and productivity.

Toxic

Toxic to Pets

Toxic Details

Feng shui direction

North

Common borage is said to carry the energy of harmony and peace. This plant harmonizes best when facing North, the direction associated with the energy of water. Just as common borage's blue flowers naturally invoke calm and soothing feelings, placing it in the North enhances this tranquility. However, the interpretation of Feng Shui principles varies, so feel free to experiment with positioning.

Fengshui Details

Plants Related to Common borage

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Silverleaf nightshade

Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) is a common weed that grows throughout North America, South America, and Africa. In South Africa, it is called "Satan's bush". Ingestion of silverleaf nightshade is thought to be toxic to horses.

Chinese taro

Alocasia cucullata boasts large, glossy, heart-shaped leaves. The species is fairly low-maintenance, and so it has become a popular ornamental, especially in wet, warm places. Thought to originally hail from Southeast Asia, the plant is now found across much of the world's tropics. Although some species of chinese taro can be eaten, Chinese taro is poisonous. Nevertheless, some Buddhist traditions consider it to be good luck, and so it is cultivated in temples.

Harlequin glorybower

The Clerodendrum trichotomum is native to both China and Japan, where it is commonly referred to as the harlequin glorybower due to the peanut butter scent released when its leaves are crushed. This plant can grow up to 4.5 m tall and is well-suited for growth in a large container.

Carolina buckthorn

The carolina buckthorn is a small deciduous tree that was first discovered in South Carolina, giving it its common and Latin names, Frangula caroliniana. It does not have thorns at all, but it does grow small flowers and red berries. The ripe berries may be toxic to humans but attract songbirds, while deer are known to feed off the bark.

Poison ivy

In pop culture, poison ivy is a symbol of an obnoxious weed because, despite its unthreatening looks, it gives a highly unpleasant contact rash to the unfortunate person who touches it. Still, it is commonly eaten by many animals, and the seeds are a favorite with birds. The leaves turn bright red in fall. Its sister species, Western poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii), is not considered to be invasive in the United States, but is noxious in Australia and New Zealand.

Pomegranate

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a deciduous shrub or small tree, native to western and southern parts of Asia. It has a long history of cultivation and rich symbolism in polytheistic religions. Fruits of pomegranate play an important role in many West Asian cuisines. Aside from culinary uses, this fruit-bearing shrub is also cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Cape jasmine

Gardenia jasminoides is an evergreen shrub with unique, glossy evergreen leaves and stunning flowers. The sophisticated, matte white flowers are often used in bouquets. The exceptional beauty of this ornamental plant has made it a popular and highly appreciated plant amongst gardeners and horticulturalists.

Golden pothos

The golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum) is a popular houseplant that is commonly seen in Australia, Asia, and the West Indies. It goes by many nicknames, including "devil's ivy", because it is so hard to kill and can even grow in low light conditions. Golden pothos has poisonous sap, so it should be kept away from pets and children.

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Common borage

Borago officinalis

Also known as: Cover Crop, Borage, Beebread, Tailwort

Hardiness Zones

2 to 11

Toxic to Pets

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Care Guide for Common borage

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Watering Care

Keep the soil around young Common borage plants moist. Once the plants mature, cut back watering until the first inch of soil around them is dry.

Fertilizing Care

Pruning

Trim the diseased, withered leaves once a month.

Soil Care

Clay, Chalky, Sandy loam, Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline

Repotting

Needs excellent drainage in pots.

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Questions About Common borage

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Common borage?

What should I do if I water my Common borage too much or too little?

How often should I water my Common borage?

How much water does my Common borage need?

How can I tell if i'm watering my Common borage enough?

How should I water my Common borage through the seasons?

How should I water my Common borage at different growth stages?

What's the difference between watering Common borage indoors and outdoors?

Is pruning necessary for my Common borage?

How do I prune my Common borage?

Are there any cautions I should be careful with when pruning my Common borage?

Are there any tips for pruning my Common borage?

When should/shouldn't I prune my Common borage?

What should I look for when pruning my Common borage in different seasons?

How much sunlight should Common borage get per day to grow healthily?

What type of sunlight does Common borage need?

Can sunlight hurt plants? How to protect Common borage from sun and heat damage?

Should I protect Common borage from sun exposure?

What will happen if Common borage gets inadequate sunlight?

Does Common borage need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

How much light does Common borage need for photosynthesis?

Are there any cautions or tips for sunlight and Common borage?

What is the optimal temperature for Common borage?

Temperature requirements for first year or seedling Common borage

How can I protect Common borage from extreme temperatures?

Dormant season temperature recommendations for Common borage

Why do I need to fertilize my Common borage?

When is the best time to fertilize my Common borage?

When should I avoid fertilizing my Common borage?

What type of fertilizer does my Common borage need?

How do I fertilize my Common borage?

What happens if I fertilize my Common borage too much?

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Key Facts About Common borage

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Attributes of Common borage

Lifespan

Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Plant Type

Herb

Planting Time

Spring, Fall

Bloom Time

Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Harvest Time

Mid summer, Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Plant Height

60 cm to 1.2 m

Spread

22 cm to 60 cm

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

1.5 cm to 2.5 cm

Flower Color

Blue

White

Fruit Color

Green

Stem Color

Green

Red

Brown

Dormancy

Winter dormancy

Leaf type

Deciduous

Ideal Temperature

20 - 38 ℃

Growth Season

Summer, Fall

Pollinators

Bees

Growth Rate

Moderate

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Name story

Common borage

Symbolism

Courage, romantic longing, domestic tranquility

Usages

Garden Use

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Common borage

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

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Common Pests & Diseases About Common borage

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Common issues for Common borage based on 10 million real cases

Underwatering dry

Learn More About the Underwatering dry

Leaf beetles

Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.

Learn More About the Leaf beetles

Underwatering

Leaves may wilt for a variety of reasons.

Learn More About the Underwatering

Brown spot

This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.

Learn More About the Brown spot

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Common borage and Their Toxicity

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Toxic to Dogs

More Info About Toxicity

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Distribution of Common borage

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Habitat of Common borage

Waste ground

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Common borage

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Common Borage Growth and Care

Basic Care Guide

Common Pests & Diseases

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Spring, Summer, Autumn

Powdery mildew is a widespread fungal disease severely affecting the vitality of Common borage. It leaves the foliage with a white, powdery film, stunting growth and reducing yields.

Plants Related to Common borage

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Indoor

Requirements

Full sun

Ideal

Above 6 hours sunlight

Partial sun

Tolerance

About 3-6 hours sunlight

Watch how sunlight gracefully moves through your garden, and choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade for your plants, ensuring their happiness.

Essentials

Preferred

Tolerable

Unsuitable

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Artificial lighting

Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.

Important Symptoms

Symptoms of Insufficient Light in %s

Common borage, a plant that thrives in full sunlight, is commonly grown outdoors with ample sunlight. When cultivated indoors with inadequate light, it may exhibit subtle symptoms of light deficiency.

(Symptom details and solutions)

Small leaves

New leaves may grow smaller in size compared to the previous ones once they have matured.

Leggy or sparse growth

The spaces between leaves or stems of your common borage may become longer, resulting in a thin and stretched-out appearance. This can make the plant look sparse and weak, and it may easily break or lean due to its own weight.

Faster leaf drop

When plants are exposed to low light conditions, they tend to shed older leaves early to conserve resources. Within a limited time, these resources can be utilized to grow new leaves until the plant's energy reserves are depleted.

Slower or no new growth

Common borage enters a survival mode when light conditions are poor, which leads to a halt in leaf production. As a result, the plant's growth becomes delayed or stops altogether.

Lighter-colored new leaves

Insufficient sunlight can cause leaves to develop irregular color patterns or appear pale. This indicates a lack of chlorophyll and essential nutrients.

Solutions

1. To ensure optimal growth, gradually move plants to a sunnier location each week, until they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Use a south-facing window and keep curtains open during the day for maximum sunlight exposure and nutrient accumulation.2. To provide additional light for your plant, consider using artificial light if it's large or not easily movable. Keep a desk or ceiling lamp on for at least 8 hours daily, or invest in professional plant grow lights for ample light.

Symptoms of Excessive light in %s

Common borage thrives in full sun exposure and can tolerate intense sunlight. With their remarkable resilience, symptoms of sunburn may not be easily visible, as they rarely suffer from it.

(Symptom details and solutions)

Chlorosis

Chlorosis is a condition where the plant's leaves lose their green color and turn yellow. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll from excessive sunlight, which negatively affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize.

Sunscald

Sunscald occurs when the plant's leaves or stems are damaged by intense sunlight exposure. It appears as pale, bleached, or necrotic areas on the plant tissue and can reduce the plant's overall health.

Leaf Curling

Leaf curling is a symptom where leaves curl or twist under extreme sunlight conditions. This is a defense mechanism used by the plant to reduce its surface area exposed to sunlight, minimizing water loss and damage.

Wilting

Wilting occurs when a plant loses turgor pressure and its leaves and stems begin to droop. Overexposure to sunlight can cause wilting by increasing the plant's water loss through transpiration, making it difficult for the plant to maintain adequate hydration.

Leaf Scorching

Leaf scorching is a symptom characterized by the appearance of brown, dry, and crispy edges or patches on leaves due to excessive sunlight. This can lead to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant health.

Solutions

1. Move your plant to the optimal position where it can receive abundant sunlight but also have some shade. An east-facing window is an ideal choice as the morning sunlight is gentler. This way, your plant can enjoy ample sunlight while reducing the risk of sunburn.2. It is recommended to trim off any completely dehydrated or withered parts of the plant.

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Indoor

Requirements

Ideal

Tolerable

Unsuitable

Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care.

Essentials

Regional wintering strategies

Common borage has strong cold resistance, so special frost protection measures are usually not necessary during winter. However, if the winter temperatures are expected to drop below {Limit_growth_temperature}, it is still important to provide cold protection. This can be achieved by covering the plant with materials such as soil or straw. Before the first freeze in autumn, it is recommended to water the plant abundantly, ensuring the soil remains moist and enters a frozen state. This helps prevent drought and water scarcity for the plant during winter and early spring.

Important Symptoms

Symptoms of Low Temperature in Common borage

Common borage is cold-tolerant and thrives best when the temperature is above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min}. During winter, it should be kept above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. When the temperature falls below {Limit_growth_temperature}, although there may not be any noticeable changes during winter, there may be a decrease in sprouting or even no sprouting during springtime.

Solutions

In spring, remove any parts that have failed to sprout.

Symptoms of High Temperature in Common borage

During summer, Common borage should be kept below {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. When the temperature exceeds {Tolerable_growing_temperature_max}, the leaves of the plant may become lighter in color, prone to curling, susceptible to sunburn, and in severe cases, the entire plant may wilt and become dry.

Solutions

Trim away the sunburned and dried-up parts. Move the plant to a location that provides shade from the midday and afternoon sun, or use a shade cloth to create shade. Water the plant in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist.

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Care Guide for Common borage

Questions About Common borage

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Common borage

Attributes of Common borage

Name story

Symbolism

Usages

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Common borage

Common Pests & Diseases About Common borage

Common borage and Their Toxicity

Distribution of Common borage

Habitat of Common borage

Distribution Map of Common borage

More Info on Common Borage Growth and Care

Plants Related to Common borage

Care Guide for Common borage

Questions About Common borage

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Common borage

Attributes of Common borage

Name story

Symbolism

Usages

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Common borage

Common Pests & Diseases About Common borage

Common borage and Their Toxicity

Distribution of Common borage

Habitat of Common borage

Distribution Map of Common borage

More Info on Common Borage Growth and Care

Plants Related to Common borage

Care Guide for Common borage

Questions About Common borage

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Common borage

Attributes of Common borage

Name story

Symbolism

Usages

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Common borage

Common Pests & Diseases About Common borage

Common borage and Their Toxicity

Aloe

Philodendron

Peace Lily

Snake Plant

Daffodil

Hydrangea

Rhododendrons

Rhubarb

Bittersweet Nightshade

Buttercups

Foxgloves

How to Tend to Poisonous Plants

How to Get Rid of Poisonous Plants

Aloe

Philodendron

Peace Lily

Snake Plant

Daffodil

Hydrangea

Rhododendrons

Rhubarb

Bittersweet Nightshade

Buttercups

Foxgloves

How to Tend to Poisonous Plants

How to Get Rid of Poisonous Plants

Distribution of Common borage

Habitat of Common borage

Distribution Map of Common borage

More Info on Common Borage Growth and Care

Plants Related to Common borage

Care Guide for Common borage

Questions About Common borage

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Common borage

Attributes of Common borage

Name story

Symbolism

Usages

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Common borage

Common Pests & Diseases About Common borage

Common borage and Their Toxicity

Aloe

Philodendron

Peace Lily

Snake Plant

Daffodil

Hydrangea

Rhododendrons

Rhubarb

Bittersweet Nightshade

Buttercups

Foxgloves

How to Tend to Poisonous Plants

How to Get Rid of Poisonous Plants

Aloe

Philodendron

Peace Lily

Snake Plant

Daffodil

Hydrangea

Rhododendrons

Rhubarb

Bittersweet Nightshade

Buttercups

Foxgloves

How to Tend to Poisonous Plants