Black mustard (Brassica nigra) Flower, Leaf, Care, Uses

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Plant Encyclopedia > Black mustard

Black mustard

Brassica nigra

Also known as : Mostaza, True Mustard

Black mustard (*Brassica nigra*) is a plant that grows annually from seed, native to North Africa, Europe, and Asia. It can grow in both tropical and temperate climates. This plant is known for its long seed pods, each containing four black seeds. The seeds from black mustard are used as a spice to make mustard. On the West Coast of the US, it is considered to be a noxious weed.

Hardiness Zones

4 to 9

Care Guide for Black mustard

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Watering Care

Moisture-loving, keep the soil moist but do not let water accumulate.

Details on Watering Care

Fertilizing Care

Fertilization once in spring.

Details on Fertilizing Care

Pruning

Trim the diseased, withered leaves once a month.

Details on Pruning

Soil Care

Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline

Details on Soil Care

Repotting

Needs excellent drainage in pots.

Details on Repotting

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Black mustard

Water

Every week

Hardiness Zones

4 to 9

Planting Time

Spring

Questions About Black mustard

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Black mustard?

To water Black mustard, you can use a garden hose with a spray nozzle, a watering can, or just about any other common watering tool. Generally, Black mustard is not too picky about how they receive their water, as they can live off of rainwater, tap water, or filtered water. Often, you should try not to water this plant from overhead, as doing so can damage the leaves and flowers and may lead to disease as well. At times, the best method for watering this plant is to set up a drip irrigation system. These systems work well for Black mustard as they apply water evenly and directly to the soil. For one Black mustard that grows in a container, you can use a similar watering approach while changing the tools you use. To water a container-grown Black mustard, use a cup, watering can, or your tap to apply water directly to the soil.

What should I do if I water my Black mustard too much or too little?

The remedy for underwatering Black mustard is somewhat obvious. When you notice that your plant lacks moisture, simply begin watering it on a more regular basis. The issue of overwatering can be a much more dire situation, especially if you fail to notice it early. When your Black mustard is overwatered, it may contract diseases that lead to its decline and death. The best way to prevent this outcome is to choose a proper growing location, one that receives plenty of sunlight to help dry the soil and has good enough drainage to allow excess water to drain rather than pooling and causing waterlogged soils. If you overwater your Black mustard that lives in a pot, you may need to consider changing it to a new pot. Your previous container may not have contained soil with good drainage or may not have had sufficient drainage holes. As you repot your overwatered Black mustard, make sure to add loose soils and to use a pot that drains efficiently.

How often should I water my Black mustard?

Black mustard needs water regularly throughout the growing season. Beginning in spring, you should plan to water this plant about once per week. As the season presses on and grows warmer, you may need to increase your watering rate to about two to three times per week. Exceeding at this rate can be detrimental to your Black mustard. With that said, you should also ensure that the soil in which your Black mustard grows remains relatively moist but not wet, regardless of how often you must water to make that the case. Watering Black mustard that lives in a pot is a bit different. Generally, you'll need to increase your watering frequency, as the soil in a pot can heat up and dry out a bit faster than ground soil. As such, you should plan to water a container-grown Black mustard a few times per week in most cases, versus just once per week for an in-ground plant.

How much water does my Black mustard need?

There are a few different ways you can go about determining how much water to give to your Black mustard. Some gardeners choose to pick their water volume based on feeling the soil for moisture. That method suggests that you should water until you feel that the first six inches of soil have become moist. Alternatively, you can use a set measurement to determine how much to water your Black mustard. Typically, you should give your Black mustard about two gallons of water per week, depending on how hot it is and how quickly the soil becomes dry. However, following strict guidelines like that can lead to overwatering if your plant requires less than two gallons per week for whatever reason. When growing Black mustard in a container, you will need to use a different method to determine how much water to supply. Typically, you should give enough water to moisten all of the layers of soil that have become dry. To test if that is the case, you can simply stick your finger in the soil to feel for moisture. You can also water the soil until you notice a slight trickle of excess water exiting the drainage holes of your pot.

How can I tell if i'm watering my Black mustard enough?

It can be somewhat difficult to avoid overwatering your Black mustard. On the one hand, these plants have relatively deep roots that require you to moisten the soil weekly. On the other hand, Black mustard are plants that are incredibly susceptible to root rot. Along with root rot, your Black mustard may also experience browning as a result of overwatering. Underwatering is far less likely for your Black mustard as these plants can survive for a while in the absence of supplemental watering. However, if you go too long without giving this plant water, it will likely begin to wilt. You may also notice dry leaves.

How should I water my Black mustard through the seasons?

You can expect your Black mustard’s water needs to increase as the season moves on. During spring, you should water about once per week. Then, as the summer heat arrives, you will likely need to give a bit more water to your Black mustard, at times increasing to about three times per week. This is especially true of Black mustard that grow in containers, as the soil in a container is far more likely to dry out faster than ground soil when the weather is warm. In autumn, while your Black mustard is still in bloom, it may need a bit less water as the temperature has likely declined, and the sun is no longer as strong as it was in summer.

How should I water my Black mustard at different growth stages?

Black mustard will move through several different growth stages throughout the year, some of which may require more water than others. For example, you will probably start your Black mustard as a seed. While the seed germinates, you should plant to give more water than your Black mustard will need later in life, watering often enough to maintain consistent soil moisture. After a few weeks, your Black mustard will grow above the soil and may need slightly less water than at the seedling phase. Then, once this plant is mature, you can begin to use the regular watering frequency of about once per week. As flower development takes place, you may need to give slightly more water to aid the process.

What's the difference between watering Black mustard indoors and outdoors?

There are several reasons why most Black mustard grow outdoors rather than indoors. The first is that these plants typically grow to tall. The second reason is that Black mustard needs more daily sunlight than most indoor growing locations can provide. If you are able to provide a suitable indoor growing location, you may find that you need to give your Black mustard water a bit more often than you would in an outdoor growing location. Part of the reason for this is that indoor growing locations tend to be a lot drier than outdoor ones due to HVAC units. The other reason for this is that soil in containers can dry out relatively quickly as well compared to soil in the ground.

Is pruning necessary for my Black mustard?

Black mustard is a kind of annual plant so it doesn't need much pruning. You only need to cut off and clean the diseased, yellow or dropped leaves and stems during its growing period. This will help your Black mustard to stay away from pathogens infection.

How do I prune my Black mustard?

During the growth of the plant, yellowing, drying and spotted leaves are produced, and these spotted and discolored leaves need to be trimmed off. If the whole piece of leave is discolored or infected, you will need to cut it off completely. In other situations, you will only need to cut off the discolored or infected part on certain leaves. Black mustard above the ground will die and dry up in the winter, and the dead plants need to be cleaned up.

Are there any cautions I should be careful with when pruning my Black mustard?

Black mustard leaves are delicate, so take care not to score or bruise them. Unless the leaves are withered or heavily discolored, do not prune the leaves from the lowermost branches unless they’re damaged. They typically grow the largest, so they supply the plant with critical energy to keep it growing right. Please prevent the wounds from water after pruning until they are fully recovered. Remember always sterilize the tools before pruning. When the pruning is finished, please throw all the waste leaves and stems into the trashbins to avoid diseases and bugs.

Are there any tips for pruning my Black mustard?

Sterilize all the tools before pruning; unclean tools will pass pathogens to the plant through wounds; Prune on sunny days because the new cuts will be infected by pathogens if they're distained by rain or water. Throw all the waste leaves and stems into trashbins, they will easily rot and attract diseases and bugs

When should/shouldn't I prune my Black mustard?

Expect to prune your Black mustard every week if it’s growing well or every two weeks if it grows slowly. It is always good to prune it on sunny days because if you prune it on rainy days, the rainwater will distain the cuts and cause the whole plant to be infected.

What should I look for when pruning my Black mustard in different seasons?

Because Black mustard is an annual plant, the pruning should take place basically during the seasons that the plant grows rapidly. During the growth of the plant, yellowing, drying and spotted leaves are produced, and these spotted and discolored leaves need to be trimmed off.

How much sunlight should Black mustard get per day to grow healthily?

You must expose the plants to at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight daily. They prefer more exposure to the morning light, especially in the summer. The Black mustard needs full sun and more sunlight that it can get. The more light these species get, the more they can manufacture food, produce beautiful blooms, and survive.

What type of sunlight does Black mustard need?

The Black mustard grows best under full sunlight. It's best not to crowd them together so they can get exposure to the sun evenly. The leaves shouldn't be starved with sunlight. If planted in pots, try to expose the herbaceous flowers in windows with direct sun and ensure they receive full sunlight regardless of the months. They don't tend to do well in partial or filtered light as this will not produce strong stems and healthy flowers. It's best if the Black mustard is always exposed to the sun.

Can sunlight hurt plants? How to protect Black mustard from sun and heat damage?

When the temperature rises above 90℉(32℃), the Black mustard can get damaged by extreme temperatures, especially if they are exposed to many hours of sun. It's always ideal for providing some shade from the light in the afternoon in the summer. It's always important to keep in mind that the sunlight in the summer is stronger than the one in the winter. Sunlight exposure is also 50% longer in the summer than in the winter. If the Black mustard is too stressed with sunlight, you might want to keep them fully hydrated. Water them when the top of the soil is about 2 inches dry, and move the plants indoors if it's too hot outside. This is the case if they are planted in containers. It can be normal for the plant leaves to wilt during the day. Generally, they can recover at night. However, when you notice that the Black mustard is still drooping, this means that the plant is losing water fast, and you need to water them.

Should I protect Black mustard from sun exposure?

The Black mustard does not need any protection from the sun. In fact, they love the sun, and some species are heliotropic. Plant them in south-facing gardens whenever possible so they can be exposed from morning to afternoon. While the sun can benefit them, some may experience a sunburn. You might offer protection from the afternoon and midday sun through a shade of a tree or a wall. Growing the Black mustard in shady areas is impossible because the larger flowers would require a lot of energy to grow and produce. Always provide the lighting conditions and set them in an area with full sun for best results.

What will happen if Black mustard gets inadequate sunlight?

When the Black mustard does not get adequate sunlight, or they are not placed in full sun locations, it's worth noting that the photosynthetic process will slow down. A lack of sunlight will cause the stems to become more leggy since they become thin and long since they tend to seek too much sunlight. They will not bloom and produce seeds in the shade. Inadequate sunlight will also mean that the older leaves can die, the color of the new ones is lighter than the old foliage, and the new growth is smaller than the last ones. The Black mustard indeed loves the sun so much. However, they can wilt when exposed to excessive heat and ultraviolet light during the extreme summer months, so be careful. You might want to cover them with a net that has a green shade, especially in the summer, to prevent the leaves and the flowers from scorching. When they are indoors, reduce the heat with the help of a fan.

Does Black mustard need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

When the Black mustard is growing, they need more light than their mature counterparts. The younger ones should receive adequate light, but they might not be prepared for sudden full sunlight, especially if they are grown in a nursery. They can be more sensitive to the summer sun, so the lighting should be gradual and slow.

How much light does Black mustard need for photosynthesis?

During summer or late spring, the Black mustard needs 6 to 8 hours of direct light every single day. This is whether they are planted outdoors. If the Black mustard is planted in pots or you're growing them in the winter, they need direct fluorescent lights that help them grow better. Make sure to place them in an indoor area where they are facing south or east so they can have enough sunlight for photosynthesis.

Are there any cautions or tips for sunlight and Black mustard?

When transplanting the plants, they should not be exposed to sudden sunlight. Give the Black mustard to grow and mature before transplanting outside. Some species of herbaceous plants can grow taller and might cast a shade on other young plants. Allow between 80 to 100 days of growing season before planting another batch to ensure that every plant receives more than enough sunlight for at least 6 hours a day. Make sure that the Black mustard receives the best light possible, especially if it's planted in a nursery. These are sun-loving plants, but too much sunlight with a very hot temperature is also detrimental to their growth. Indoor lights should be replaced with natural sunlight as much as possible since these species crave this every day.

What is the optimal temperature for Black mustard?

The best temperature for Black mustard depends on the time of year. There are two primary seasons to discuss for temperature: the growing season, and the dormancy season. During the growing season, once Black mustard has begun to sprout, the ideal temperature range should be anywhere from 65~80℉(18~27℃). Any colder than 15℉(-10℃), and the plant will suffer; its leaves may brown and wilt, but if this is a short cold snap, then Black mustard may be able to survive with some help. During the warmer parts of the year, Black mustard will need to be similarly protected from temperatures that are too high. 95-105℉ (35-40℃) is the top of this plant’s temperature range, and anything above that will compromise the integrity of the foliage and blooms of Black mustard. Hotter temperatures can cause wilting, drooping, and even sunburn on the leaves, which can be difficult for Black mustard to recover from. There are quite a few ways to combat this issue that are quick and easy!

Temperature requirements for first year or seedling Black mustard

If this is the first year of your Black mustard outside as a new plant, then it may need a little extra tending during the coldest months of the year. Not only can frost more severely damage a first-year Black mustard, but it can also prevent it from growing back as a healthy plant come spring. This plant needs to be kept at 40℉(5℃) or above when they’re not yet established, which can be done either by bringing your Black mustard inside for a month or two, or putting up mulch or fabric barriers that protect from frost damage. It’s also a good idea to plant Black mustard in a shadier spot during the first year or two, as smaller and weaker plants have a more difficult time maintaining their own temperatures in the heat. First-year Black mustard should receive no more than five hours of direct sunlight per day, particularly if the ambient daytime temperature gets above 80℉(27℃). Shadecloth and frequent watering or misting are the keys to summer heat control.

How can I protect Black mustard from extreme temperatures?

If cold temperatures (below 15℉(-10℃)) do occur during the growing season, there are a few measures you can take to help protect Black mustard from frost or cold damage. If you’re growing Black mustard in a container, then the container can simply be brought inside in bright, indirect light until the temperatures rise up over the lower threshold again. Another option that’s better suited for ground-planted Black mustard is to use mulch or horticultural fabric to create an insulated barrier around the plant, which will protect the plant from frost and cold wind. For temperatures that are hotter than 80℉(27℃) in the shade during the day, be careful to only expose Black mustard to six hours or less of sunlight per day, preferably in the morning hours. Putting up shade cloth, or a fine plastic mesh, can help reduce the amount of direct sunlight that hits the plant during the hottest parts of the day. You can also install a misting system that allows for a slow release of cooling mist around the base of the plant during the day to lower ground temperatures.

Dormant season temperature recommendations for Black mustard

During the cold winter months, Black mustard needs a certain measure of cold in order to stay in dormancy until it’s time to sprout. Sprouting too early, that is before the danger of the last frost has passed, can be fatal to Black mustard, especially if it’s already had a head start when the frost hits. Winter temperatures should ideally stay below 32℉(0℃), but if they get up to 40℉(5℃), everything will be just fine. An unexpected warm spell during the cold months, which can happen in more temperate climates like woodland rainforests, can trigger a premature sprout from Black mustard. In this case, if there’s still imminent danger of frost, you may want to try covering it with clear plastic on stakes so that the cold has less of a chance of damaging the new sprout. This setup can be removed when the danger of frost has passed. Occasionally, Black mustard will be able to resprout at the correct time without any help, but this method increases the chances of a successful second sprouting.

Why do I need to fertilize my Black mustard?

All plants need nutrients to grow, but some types are able to take what they need and don’t need any supplementation with fertilizers. Black mustard, like other plants, use nutrients to support growth and all internal processes. Each of the main nutrients that plants use (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) contribute to one or more of a plant’s essential functions, and in the case of foliage it is nitrogen that provides the most support. It can be difficult for a Black mustard to get enough nitrogen from the soil, which is why many gardeners prefer to supplement by feeding Black mustard with a source of nitrogen.

When is the best time to fertilize my Black mustard?

Black mustard generally grows well, but a fertilizer can be applied about once a month to give the plant a boost when it is actively growing. You should fertilize Black mustard about once a month only during the spring and summer months, but not during fall and winter when it becomes less active and does not use as many nutrients. You’ll know when to start fertilizing Black mustard if you see signs of new growth. The fertilization schedule remains the same whether the plant is grown outside or indoors in a container. However, if your Black mustard is in a container, you probably will not need to fertilize for the first one to two months. Potting soil made for container plants already contains plenty of nutrients, so you should only start to fertilize after your plant has been in the same soil for a while.

When should I avoid fertilizing my Black mustard?

Never fertilize your Black mustard if it is not healthy, for example if it has developed a disease or has insect pests on it. Also do not fertilize a dehydrated plant, since the fertilizer will make this problem even worse. Only fertilize healthy plants. Do not splash fertilizer onto the leaves or stem of this plant when watering, since it can cause burned spots. Be careful not to allow the fertilizer to make direct contact with the plant, unless you are usually a special fertilizer designed to be applied to the foliage.

What type of fertilizer does my Black mustard need?

Fertilizers contain high levels of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, along with other essential nutrients such as iron, manganese and zinc. These are all necessary elements that promote growth in Black mustard. A balanced fertilizer works well for Black mustard, for example an all-purpose fertilizer with a 10-10-10 NPK number. For natural fertilizers, blood meal or worm castings work well. You may also choose a fertilizer that is higher in nitrogen than other nutrients, such as fish fertilizer. Nitrogen provides support to leaves, which are the main feature that people want from Black mustard. There is no point in providing a lot of supplements for flowers or seeds if that is not your purpose in growing the plant.

How do I fertilize my Black mustard?

Apply fertilizer based on the instructions on the particular type you have purchased. It is generally a good idea to start with half-strength fertilizer to avoid accidentally over-fertilizing your Black mustard. Since this plant requires frequent fertilization, it is common to accidentally fertilize too much. Remember that it’s always easier to add more fertilizer than it is to try to save an over-fertilized plant. Don’t apply fertilizer to dry soil - it should already be at least somewhat moist before fertilizing. This helps the fertilizer absorb more easily and helps avoid fertilizer burn. You should also water after applying dry fertilizers to your soil. Some fertilizers are meant to be mixed into the soil when planting, while others are applied on top of the soil and then watered in. For most types of Black mustard, a water soluble fertilizer is an easy choice. Simply mix the fertilizer solution into your watering can at the recommended dosage for Black mustard and then water the plant as usual. Slow-release granules or fertilizer spikes can also work well if you prefer not to remember to fertilize monthly.

What happens if I fertilize my Black mustard too much?

Over-fertilization leads to a build-up of salts in the soil which leads to a lack of vitality overall and pale coloration in the leaves. Leaves may also wilt or develop brown tips as the excess salt from the fertilizer tries to make its way out of the leaves. Too much fertilizer makes it impossible for the plant to take up water and nutrients, which will eventually kill it if you don’t take steps to save your Black mustard. If the Black mustard is in a container, you could either remove it from the pot and repot it in fresh potting mix, or flush out the soil by running a lot of water through and letting it drain out thoroughly. If your Black mustard is outdoors, the same theory applies, although it can be more difficult to flush outdoor soil. Water thoroughly and hold off on fertilizing again for a while. You may want to perform a soil test before you add any more fertilizer to make sure you don’t provide too much of any one nutrient.

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Key Facts About Black mustard

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Attributes of Black mustard

Lifespan

Annual

Plant Type

Herb

Planting Time

Spring

Bloom Time

Spring, Summer

Harvest Time

Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Plant Height

80 cm to 2.5 m

Spread

60 cm

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

2.5 mm to 6 mm

Flower Color

Yellow

Gold

Fruit Color

Brown

Black

Copper

Stem Color

Green

Silver

Gray

Dormancy

Winter dormancy

Leaf type

Deciduous

Ideal Temperature

20 - 35 ℃

Growth Season

Summer

Growth Rate

Moderate

Symbolism

Fertility, Protection, Mental powers

Usages

Garden Use

Black mustard’s weedy appearance doesn’t affect the plant’s popularity with gardeners. It is often found growing in herb and spice gardens, where the plant is prized for its dark-colored seeds and edible stems and leaves. When planted in groupings, the bright-colored summer flowers create a striking display in gardens.

Scientific Classification of Black mustard

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Mustards, capers, and allies

Family

Cruciferae

Genus

Kales

Species

Black mustard

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Common Pests & Diseases About Black mustard

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Common issues for Black mustard based on 10 million real cases

Brown blotch

Brown spot is a serious disease affecting Black mustard, caused by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus. It results in reduced photosynthetic activity, thus impacting the overall plant health and productivity.

Leaf miners

Leaf miners scar the leaves with curved white streaks or rounded white spots with brown centers.

Solutions: Leaf miners, although relatively harmless at first, can quickly multiply and devastate your plants in the coming weeks. For severe cases: Spray an organic insecticide. For an organic solution, spray a diluted mixture of azadirachtin, a compound derived from neem seeds, above and below leaves. Spray a synthetic insecticide. Spray a product that contains spinosad, such as Entrust, making sure to cover all sides of the leaves. Introduce beneficial insects. Introduce beneficial insects that eat leaf miners, such as parasitic wasps or Syrphid flies. For less severe cases: Prune infected tissue. Remove and dispose of leaves that have any sign of leaf miner damage.

Plant dried up

The entire plant may dry out due to dieback or normal seasonal dormancy.

Solutions: The solution for a dried out plant depends on the cause, so determine the cause before selecting a treatment method. Adjust your watering: Stick your finger in the soil near the roots. If it feels bone dry or overly saturated, you need to adjust your watering frequency accordingly. Prune back dead foliage: Snip off any brown stems and leaves on the plant to make space for new growth. This encourages the roots to send up fresh stems. Move to a proper environment. This may involve decreasing or increasing sun exposure, depending on the species. Decrease fertilizer applications. If you have applied too much fertilizer, you can repot plants with fresh potting soil. Wait. If your plant has dried out as daylight is decreasing, it is entering dormancy. Decrease watering and wait until the plant resumes growth.

Leaf deformity

Leaf deformities can have a variety of causes.

Solutions: Follow these steps to revive plants with abnormal leaves. Remove damaged leaves: Plants can recover from damage when given the time to do so. Remove any deformed leaves so they don't continue drawing energy from the plant. This also creates room for healthier ones to grow. Stop using herbicide: Though herbicide damage is challenging to diagnose, gardeners can potentially prevent deformed leaves by not using any and by strictly following manufacturers instructions. Spray insecticide: Prevent pests from inhabiting plant leaves by spraying with insecticide regularly and practicing good natural pest prevention techniques. Apply a balanced fertilizer: Solve nutrient deficiencies and excesses by using a well-balanced fertilizer (organic or conventional both work) before planting, and consider topdressing when signs of stress are apparent. Fix watering schedule: If plant leaves are curled downward due to too much or too little water, adjust the watering schedule so the soil is moist, but not damp. Remove infected plants: If the plant has succumbed to a viral infection, not much can be done to revive it. Remove and destroy all compromised plant material to prevent spread to other plants.

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Weed Control About Black mustard

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Weeds

Black mustard is presumed to be native to Eurasia and northern Africa. It has been introduced throughout much of the world by cultivation and has escaped as a weed, and as such, it is now listed as invasive in several states in the United States. Black mustard grows quickly in disturbed areas and tolerates a variety of habitats. Worryingly, it can reduce soil biodiversity and crowd out native plants. It also releases toxins into the soil that inhibit the growth and reproduction of native plants. Careful harvesting of cultivated black mustard can prevent the introduction of invasive populations, while herbicide and mowing can provide effective control.

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Distribution of Black mustard

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Habitat of Black mustard

Cliffs near the sea

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Black mustard

Black mustard maintains a wide geographical presence, with its native range spanning across major regions of Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. In many parts of these continents, black mustard grows naturally and forms a part of traditional landscapes. Beyond its native territory, black mustard has been introduced to various continents including South America, Australia, and North Asia. It is sometimes thought to be establishing itself in certain areas outside its native range, where it may have an impact on local ecosystems. Notably, in New Zealand, black mustard is considered invasive and may alter indigenous plant communities.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Black Mustard Growth and Care

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Basic Care Guide

Common Pests & Diseases

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Lighting

Full sun

Black mustard necessitates substantial exposure to solar rays for optimal growth, yet can weather conditions with lower sun intensity. Originated in habitats receiving abundant solar activity, it thrives under such conditions. Both inadequate and an excess of light can impinge on its health, influencing growth adversely.

Best Sunlight Practices

Transplant

1-2 feet

The prime season for transplanting black mustard is autumn; it ensures'sufficient time for root establishment before spring's growth spurt. Choose a sunny site as black mustard thrives in full sun. In the beginning stage, regulate water and temperature to prevent shock, and ensure rich, well-draining soil for optimal growth.

Transplant Techniques

Temperature

0 - 38 ℃

Black mustard is native to climates with average temperatures ranging between 68 to 95 °F (20 to 35 ℃). It prefers temperate conditions and might need intentional adjustments in extreme seasons.

Temp for Healthy Growth

Propagation

Spring

Propagation of black mustard is best done by sowing seeds during Spring, offering easy propagation success. Signs of successful propagation include active seedling growth. Focus on maintaining proper moisture levels and light exposure for optimal results.

Propagation Techniques

Brown blotch

Wilting

Wilting is a common plant disease that affects Black mustard, causing its leaves to droop and lose their vitality, thus severely hindering its growth and productivity. Primarily caused by a fungus, it can be highly destructive if not treated timely.

Underwatering yellow

Underwatering' is a common physiological disorder that affects Black mustard, hindering its growth and productivity. If left untreated, it can cause serious implications, including wilting and eventual death of the plant.

Lack of fertilizer

Lack of fertilizer predominantly affects the growth and productivity of Black mustard. The plant exhibits stunted growth, yellow leaves, and decreased yield due to improper or insufficient nutrient supply. This condition isn't infectious but can cause substantial yield loss if not addressed promptly.

Plant dried up

Plant dried up is a damaging condition affecting Black mustard, causing severe dehydration leading to plant wilt and eventual death. Root rot, water deficiencies and extreme temperatures generally cause it, significantly impacting the plant's growth and overall yield.

Leaf rot

Leaf rot is a destructive plant disease that causes severe damage to Black mustard, via wilting, decaying, and defoliation. Early detection and intervention are needed to mitigate its effects and restore the plant's health.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that significantly affects Black mustard. It causes a white, powdery coating on leaf surfaces, inhibiting photosynthesis and gradually leading to plant death. This disease heavily impacts the plant's growth and yield.

Feng shui direction

South

Black mustard's potent energy ignites the fire element, potentially harmonizing with a house facing South, where Fire is dominant. However, this may amplify existing fiery characteristics, warranting careful consideration. As Feng Shui appreciates equilibrium, one must heed the unique character of black mustard impacting the existing energy balance. Always consult with a Feng Shui practitioner to optimize black mustard's placement.

Fengshui Details

Plants Related to Black mustard

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Blue morning glory (Ipomoea indica) is a twining evergreen vine native to tropical environments around the world. In the morning, the plant's flowers bloom and are a bright blue. By the end of the afternoon, the blossoms fade to a purple-pink color. New flowers appear daily from late spring to early fall.

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Carolina horsenettle

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Black mustard

Brassica nigra

Also known as: Mostaza, True Mustard

Hardiness Zones

4 to 9

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Care Guide for Black mustard

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Watering Care

Moisture-loving, keep the soil moist but do not let water accumulate.

Fertilizing Care

Fertilization once in spring.

Pruning

Trim the diseased, withered leaves once a month.

Soil Care

Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline

Repotting

Needs excellent drainage in pots.

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Questions About Black mustard

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Black mustard?

What should I do if I water my Black mustard too much or too little?

How often should I water my Black mustard?

How much water does my Black mustard need?

How can I tell if i'm watering my Black mustard enough?

How should I water my Black mustard through the seasons?

How should I water my Black mustard at different growth stages?

What's the difference between watering Black mustard indoors and outdoors?

Is pruning necessary for my Black mustard?

How do I prune my Black mustard?

Are there any cautions I should be careful with when pruning my Black mustard?

Are there any tips for pruning my Black mustard?

When should/shouldn't I prune my Black mustard?

What should I look for when pruning my Black mustard in different seasons?

How much sunlight should Black mustard get per day to grow healthily?

What type of sunlight does Black mustard need?

Can sunlight hurt plants? How to protect Black mustard from sun and heat damage?

Should I protect Black mustard from sun exposure?

What will happen if Black mustard gets inadequate sunlight?

Does Black mustard need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

How much light does Black mustard need for photosynthesis?

Are there any cautions or tips for sunlight and Black mustard?

What is the optimal temperature for Black mustard?

Temperature requirements for first year or seedling Black mustard

How can I protect Black mustard from extreme temperatures?

Dormant season temperature recommendations for Black mustard

Why do I need to fertilize my Black mustard?

When is the best time to fertilize my Black mustard?

When should I avoid fertilizing my Black mustard?

What type of fertilizer does my Black mustard need?

How do I fertilize my Black mustard?

What happens if I fertilize my Black mustard too much?

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Key Facts About Black mustard

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Attributes of Black mustard

Lifespan

Annual

Plant Type

Herb

Planting Time

Spring

Bloom Time

Spring, Summer

Harvest Time

Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Plant Height

80 cm to 2.5 m

Spread

60 cm

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

2.5 mm to 6 mm

Flower Color

Yellow

Gold

Fruit Color

Brown

Black

Copper

Stem Color

Green

Silver

Gray

Dormancy

Winter dormancy

Leaf type

Deciduous

Ideal Temperature

20 - 35 ℃

Growth Season

Summer

Growth Rate

Moderate

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Symbolism

Fertility, Protection, Mental powers

Usages

Garden Use

Scientific Classification of Black mustard

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Mustards, capers, and allies

Family

Cruciferae

Genus

Kales

Species

Black mustard

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Common Pests & Diseases About Black mustard

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Common issues for Black mustard based on 10 million real cases

Brown blotch

Learn More About the Brown blotch

Leaf miners

Leaf miners scar the leaves with curved white streaks or rounded white spots with brown centers.

Learn More About the Leaf miners

Plant dried up

The entire plant may dry out due to dieback or normal seasonal dormancy.

Learn More About the Plant dried up

Leaf deformity

Leaf deformities can have a variety of causes.

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Weed Control About Black mustard

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Weeds

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Distribution of Black mustard

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Habitat of Black mustard

Cliffs near the sea

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Black mustard

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Black Mustard Growth and Care

Basic Care Guide

Common Pests & Diseases

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Plants Related to Black mustard

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Indoor

Requirements

Full sun

Ideal

Above 6 hours sunlight

Partial sun

Tolerance

About 3-6 hours sunlight

Watch how sunlight gracefully moves through your garden, and choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade for your plants, ensuring their happiness.

Essentials

Preferred

Tolerable

Unsuitable

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Artificial lighting

Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.

Important Symptoms

Symptoms of Insufficient Light in %s

Black mustard, a plant that thrives in full sunlight, is commonly grown outdoors with ample sunlight. When cultivated indoors with inadequate light, it may exhibit subtle symptoms of light deficiency.

(Symptom details and solutions)

Small leaves

New leaves may grow smaller in size compared to the previous ones once they have matured.

Leggy or sparse growth

The spaces between leaves or stems of your black mustard may become longer, resulting in a thin and stretched-out appearance. This can make the plant look sparse and weak, and it may easily break or lean due to its own weight.

Faster leaf drop

When plants are exposed to low light conditions, they tend to shed older leaves early to conserve resources. Within a limited time, these resources can be utilized to grow new leaves until the plant's energy reserves are depleted.

Slower or no new growth

Black mustard enters a survival mode when light conditions are poor, which leads to a halt in leaf production. As a result, the plant's growth becomes delayed or stops altogether.

Lighter-colored new leaves

Insufficient sunlight can cause leaves to develop irregular color patterns or appear pale. This indicates a lack of chlorophyll and essential nutrients.

Solutions

1. To ensure optimal growth, gradually move plants to a sunnier location each week, until they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Use a south-facing window and keep curtains open during the day for maximum sunlight exposure and nutrient accumulation.2. To provide additional light for your plant, consider using artificial light if it's large or not easily movable. Keep a desk or ceiling lamp on for at least 8 hours daily, or invest in professional plant grow lights for ample light.

Symptoms of Excessive light in %s

Black mustard thrives in full sun exposure and can tolerate intense sunlight. With their remarkable resilience, symptoms of sunburn may not be easily visible, as they rarely suffer from it.

(Symptom details and solutions)

Chlorosis

Chlorosis is a condition where the plant's leaves lose their green color and turn yellow. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll from excessive sunlight, which negatively affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize.

Sunscald

Sunscald occurs when the plant's leaves or stems are damaged by intense sunlight exposure. It appears as pale, bleached, or necrotic areas on the plant tissue and can reduce the plant's overall health.

Leaf Curling

Leaf curling is a symptom where leaves curl or twist under extreme sunlight conditions. This is a defense mechanism used by the plant to reduce its surface area exposed to sunlight, minimizing water loss and damage.

Wilting

Wilting occurs when a plant loses turgor pressure and its leaves and stems begin to droop. Overexposure to sunlight can cause wilting by increasing the plant's water loss through transpiration, making it difficult for the plant to maintain adequate hydration.

Leaf Scorching

Leaf scorching is a symptom characterized by the appearance of brown, dry, and crispy edges or patches on leaves due to excessive sunlight. This can lead to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant health.

Solutions

1. Move your plant to the optimal position where it can receive abundant sunlight but also have some shade. An east-facing window is an ideal choice as the morning sunlight is gentler. This way, your plant can enjoy ample sunlight while reducing the risk of sunburn.2. It is recommended to trim off any completely dehydrated or withered parts of the plant.

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Indoor

Requirements

Ideal

Tolerable

Unsuitable

Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care.

Essentials

Black mustard is native to climates with average temperatures ranging between 68 to 95 °F (20 to 35 ℃). It prefers temperate conditions and might need intentional adjustments in extreme seasons.

Regional wintering strategies

Black mustard has strong cold resistance, so special frost protection measures are usually not necessary during winter. However, if the winter temperatures are expected to drop below {Limit_growth_temperature}, it is still important to provide cold protection. This can be achieved by covering the plant with materials such as soil or straw. Before the first freeze in autumn, it is recommended to water the plant abundantly, ensuring the soil remains moist and enters a frozen state. This helps prevent drought and water scarcity for the plant during winter and early spring.

Important Symptoms

Symptoms of Low Temperature in Black mustard

Black mustard is cold-tolerant and thrives best when the temperature is above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min}. During winter, it should be kept above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. When the temperature falls below {Limit_growth_temperature}, although there may not be any noticeable changes during winter, there may be a decrease in sprouting or even no sprouting during springtime.

Solutions

In spring, remove any parts that have failed to sprout.

Symptoms of High Temperature in Black mustard

During summer, Black mustard should be kept below {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. When the temperature exceeds {Tolerable_growing_temperature_max}, the leaves of the plant may become lighter in color, prone to curling, susceptible to sunburn, and in severe cases, the entire plant may wilt and become dry.

Solutions

Trim away the sunburned and dried-up parts. Move the plant to a location that provides shade from the midday and afternoon sun, or use a shade cloth to create shade. Water the plant in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist.

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Care Guide for Black mustard

Questions About Black mustard

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Black mustard

Attributes of Black mustard

Symbolism

Usages

Scientific Classification of Black mustard

Common Pests & Diseases About Black mustard

Weed Control About Black mustard

Distribution of Black mustard

Habitat of Black mustard

Distribution Map of Black mustard

More Info on Black Mustard Growth and Care

Plants Related to Black mustard

Care Guide for Black mustard

Questions About Black mustard

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Black mustard

Attributes of Black mustard

Symbolism

Usages

Scientific Classification of Black mustard

Common Pests & Diseases About Black mustard

Weed Control About Black mustard

Distribution of Black mustard

Habitat of Black mustard

Distribution Map of Black mustard

More Info on Black Mustard Growth and Care

Plants Related to Black mustard