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Madagascar periwinkle play
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Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Catharanthus roseus
Also known as : Bright eyes, Old maid
The madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant. It has a long history of cultivation. Over the years, many cultivars have been developed, most commonly with the aim of incorporating new colors or making the plant more tolerant to cold.
Water
Water
Twice per week
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Sunlight
Sunlight
Full sun
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Toxic to Human & Pets
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care guide

Care Guide for Madagascar periwinkle

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Watering Care
Watering Care
Madagascar periwinkle should be watered regularly, and its soil kept very lightly moist at all times. This species requires adequate soil drainage, and care should be taken to water it from the root bed, not engage in overhead watering. If the top layer of soil is completely dry, it means the middle of the soil is lightly moist, and it is time to water madagascar periwinkle again.
Details on Watering Care Watering Care
Fertilizing Care
Fertilizing Care
Madagascar periwinkle should be fertilized regularly when its flowers are blooming. Overfertilization can cause bigger, but less total blossoms on the plant. This species will benefit if fertilized with an all-purpose floral houseplant fertilizer every two weeks during the summer growing season. The fertilizer should be diluted to half its commercial strength before application.
Details on Fertilizing Care Fertilizing Care
Pruning
Pruning
Trim the diseased, withered leaves once a month.
Details on Pruning Pruning
Soil Care
Soil Care
Sand, Loam, Chalky, Clay, Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Details on Soil Care Soil Care
Repotting
Repotting
Needs excellent drainage in pots
Details on Repotting Repotting
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Madagascar periwinkle
Water
Water
Twice per week
Sunlight
Sunlight
Full sun
Hardiness Zones
Hardiness Zones
9 to 12
Planting Time
Planting Time
Mid spring, Late spring, Summer, Fall
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Questions About Madagascar periwinkle

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Watering Watering Watering
Pruning Pruning Pruning
Sunlight Sunlight Sunlight
Temperature Temperature Temperature
Fertilizing Fertilizing Fertilizing
What is the best way to water my Madagascar periwinkle?
When watering the Madagascar periwinkle, you should aim to use filtered water that is at room temperature. Filtered water is better for this plant, as tap water can contain particles that are harmful to its health. The reason that the water should be at room temperature or slightly warmer is that the Madagascar periwinkle comes from a warm environment, and cold water can be somewhat of a shock to its system. Also, you should avoid overhead watering for this plant, as it can cause foliage complications. Instead, simply apply your filtered room temperature water to the soil until the soil is entirely soaked. Soaking the soil can be very beneficial for this plant as it moistens the roots and helps them continue to spread through the soil and collect the nutrients they need.
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What should I do if I water my Madagascar periwinkle too much or too little?
Both overwatering and underwatering will be detrimental to the health of your Madagascar periwinkle, but overwatering is a far more common issue. When this species receives too much water, its stems and leaves may begin to wilt and turn from green to yellow. Overwatering over a prolonged period may also lead to diseases such as root rot, mold, and mildew, all of which can kill your plant. Underwatering is far less common for the Madagascar periwinkle, as this plant has decent drought tolerance. However, underwatering remains a possibility, and when it occurs, you can expect to find that the leaves of your Madagascar periwinkle have become brittle and brown.
It is crucial that you notice the signs of overwatering as soon as possible when caring for your Madagascar periwinkle. Some of the diseases that arise from overwatering, such as root rot, may not be correctable if you wait too long. If you see early signs of overwatering, you should reduce your watering schedule immediately. You may also want to assess the quality of soil in which your Madagascar periwinkle grows. If you find that the soil drains very poorly, you should replace it immediately with a loose, well-draining potting mix. On the other hand, if you find signs that your Madagascar periwinkle is receiving too little water, all you need to do is water more regularly until those signs have subsided.
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How often should I water my Madagascar periwinkle?
If your plant is in a pot. The most precise way to decide whether your Madagascar periwinkle needs water is to plunge your finger into the soil. If you notice that the first two to three inches of soil have become dry, it is time to add some water.
If you grow your Madagascar periwinkle outdoors in the ground, you can use a similar method to test the soil. Again, when you find that the first few inches of soil have dried out, it is time to add water. During the spring and early fall, this method will often lead you to water this plant about once every week. When extremely hot weather arrives, you may need to increase your watering frequency to about twice or more per week. With that said, mature, well-established the Madagascar periwinkle can show an admirable ability to withstand drought.
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How much water does my Madagascar periwinkle need?
When it comes time to water your Madagascar periwinkle, you should not be shy about how much water you give. With the first two to three inches of soil dry, this plant will appreciate a long and thorough watering. Supply enough water to soak the soil entirely. The amount of water you add should be enough to cause excess water to flow through the drainage holes at the bottom of your pot. If you don’t see excess water draining from the pot, you have likely underwatered your plant. But do not let the water accumulate inside the soil, which will be very dangerous to the plant as well. Alternatively, a lack of water draining through the pot could indicate poorly draining soils, which is detrimental to the health of this plant and should be avoided. If the plant is outside, 1 inch of rain per week will be sufficient.
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How should I water my Madagascar periwinkle at different growth stages?
The water needs of the Madagascar periwinkle can change depending on growth stages as well. For example, when your Madagascar periwinkle is in the first few years of its life, or if you have just transplanted it to a new growing location, you will need to give more water than usual. During both of those stages, your Madagascar periwinkle will put a lot of energy towards sprouting new roots that will then support future growth. For those roots to perform their best, they need a bit more moisture than they would at a more mature phase. After a few seasons, your Madagascar periwinkle will need much less water. Another growth stage in which this plant may need more water is during the bloom period. Flower development can make use of a significant amount of moisture, which is why you might need to give your Madagascar periwinkle more water at this time.
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How should I water my Madagascar periwinkle through the seasons?
The Madagascar periwinkle will have its highest water needs during the hottest months of the year. During the height of summer, you may need to give this plant water more than once per week, depending on how fast the soil dries out. The opposite is true during the winter. In winter, your plant will enter a dormant phase, in which it will need far less water than usual. In fact, you may not need to water this plant at all during the winter months. However, if you do water during winter, you should not do so more than about once per month. Watering too much at this time will make it more likely that your Madagascar periwinkle will contract a disease.
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What's the difference between watering my Madagascar periwinkle indoors and outdoors?
It is most common to grow the Madagascar periwinkle indoors for any gardener that does not live in temperate and tropical regions. Those gardeners should consider the fact that soil in a container can dry out a bit faster than ground soil. Also, the presence of drying elements such as air conditioning units can cause your Madagascar periwinkle to need water on a more frequent basis as well. if you planted it outside. When that is the case, it’s likely you won’t need to water your Madagascar periwinkle very much at all. If you receive rainfall on a regular basis, that may be enough to keep your plant alive. Alternatively, those who grow this plant inside will need to water it more often, as allowing rainwater to soak the soil will not be an option.
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Key Facts About Madagascar periwinkle

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Attributes of Madagascar periwinkle

Lifespan
Perennial, Annual
Plant Type
Herb
Planting Time
Mid spring, Late spring, Summer, Fall
Bloom Time
All year around
Harvest Time
Spring, Summer, Fall, Early winter
Plant Height
10 cm to 1 m
Spread
10 cm to 1 m
Leaf Color
Green
Flower Size
2 cm to 5 cm
Flower Color
White
Pink
Purple
Red
Lavender
Mauve
Stem Color
Green
Red
White
Pink
Dormancy
Non-dormant
Leaf type
Evergreen
Ideal Temperature
20 - 38 ℃
Growth Season
Summer, Fall
Growth Rate
Rapid

Name story

Madagascar periwinkle
This plant must have witnessed European history as it has existed for thousands of years. Its name, periwinkle is originated from the word, pervinca. After going through multiple derivations from the Anglo-Saxon language and medieval English, it has evolved into the periwinkle today. As it is a plant native to Madagascar, it is often called Madagascar periwinkle.
Bright eyes
As a flowering plant, the most attractive quality of the plant must be the beauty of the flowers. Different colored flower petals come with different shaped stamens. This gives its stamen the appearance on an eye, making it uniquely beautiful. Hence, it is called bright eyes.

Symbolism

Happy memories, faithfulness, youth, purity, strength

Usages

Garden Use
Madagascar periwinkle is an evergreen herbaceous perennial commonly found in gardens within warm climates. It is prized for its colorful and vibrant blooms in the summer months. The pretty flowers mean that it is grown as an ornamental with its trailing stems making it suitable for ground cover. Madagascar periwinkle is appropriate for rockeries and roadsides. Plant with other periwinkles or ferns for strong color contrasts.

Trivia and Interesting Facts

It symbolizes happy memories, faithfulness, and youth. Those born with this birth flower will be very brave and strong. The flower has a story about a philosopher Rousseau and his mother. He saw this little flower for the first time when he went walking with his mother. Years later, he climbed a mountain with his friends and saw the flower again. He picked them and preserved them as a memory with his mother.

Scientific Classification of Madagascar periwinkle

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Common Pests & Diseases About Madagascar periwinkle

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Common issues for Madagascar periwinkle based on 10 million real cases
Brown blotch
Brown blotch Brown blotch
Brown blotch
Brown spot is a fungal disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae that affects Madagascar periwinkle. It leads to weakening and underdevelopment of the plant as it causes browning and spotting on the leaves and stems. If left untreated, it can significantly reduce plant vigor and aesthetic appeal.
Wilting
Wilting Wilting
Wilting
Wilting is a disease that severely impacts the health and vitality of Madagascar periwinkle. It is characterized by the drooping and withering of leaves, leading to the reduction in flowering, stunted growth, and potentially plant death. The disease may affect Madagascar periwinkle irrespective of the stage of its lifecycle.
Leaf rot
Leaf rot Leaf rot
Leaf rot
Leaf rot is a common disease affecting Madagascar periwinkle. Primarily contracted through soil-borne pathogens, the disease erodes the plant's vitality, leading to poor growth, damage, and potential death. It's most active in damp conditions and can be controlled through pesticides and sound gardening practices.
Nutrient deficiencies
Nutrient deficiencies Nutrient deficiencies
Nutrient deficiencies
A lack of nutrients will cause a widespread yellowing of the leaves. The yellowing may begin at the base or top of the plant.
Solutions: There are several easy ways to remedy the nutrient deficiencies in soils. Use a water-soluble fertilizer. Fertilizers will include most or all of the macro and micro-nutrients the plants need to thrive. Adding some fertilizer to the soil will make those nutrients available and can combat deficiencies. Regularly apply organic fertilizer pellets. Organic fertilizers such as animal manures and bonemeal can supply plants with all the nutrients that they need to grow strong and healthy. Apply compost. Though not as finely tuned as artificial fertilizer, compost can nevertheless be rich in important nutrients and should be applied to the soil regularly. Apply nutrients via foliar application. In addition to supplementing the soil with nutrients, foliar fertilizer can be applied directly to the plant's leaves. Nutrients offered via foliar application are often taken up even quicker than those put in the soil, so the foliar application can be great for swiftly addressing specific deficiencies.
Aged yellow and dry
Aged yellow and dry Aged yellow and dry
Aged yellow and dry
Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.
Solutions: If the yellowing and drying of leaves and flowers is a natural progression due to age, nothing can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
Wilting after blooming
Wilting after blooming Wilting after blooming
Wilting after blooming
Flowers may wither for a variety of reasons.
Solutions: Check the soil or potting medium. Coarse textures can allow water to drain too rapidly, preventing the plant from taking up enough. If the soil and roots seem very dry, add sphagnum moss or other mediums that hold water. Water according to recommendations for each plant's species. Low humidity can be corrected by misting the plant regularly or placing it near a humidifier. Keeping it near other plants helps, too. Keep the environment consistent in terms of temperature, humidity, and lighting. Keep it away from vents, heaters, and air conditioners, and avoid moving it to locations where it will experience a temperature shock. Hot, dry heat, and cold drafts are problematic for many plants. Especially if the plant is outside, it could be experiencing heat or light stress. Try moving it to a shadier location.
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Brown blotch
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What is Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
Brown spot is a fungal disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae that affects Madagascar periwinkle. It leads to weakening and underdevelopment of the plant as it causes browning and spotting on the leaves and stems. If left untreated, it can significantly reduce plant vigor and aesthetic appeal.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
On Madagascar periwinkle, the disease manifests as small, brown, circular or irregularly shaped spots on leaves. As the infection progresses, these spots enlarge causing a noticeable brown discoloration. The plant also suffers from leaf drop, stunted growth, and overall weakness.
What Causes Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What Causes Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Pathogen
Bipolaris oryzae fungus is the primary pathogen causing Brown spot.
2
Environmental conditions
High humidity, warm temperature and prolonged leaf wetness provide a conducive environment for the fungus to thrive and multiply.
How to Treat Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
How to Treat Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Non pesticide
Sanitation: Removing and disposing infected leaves can prevent spread.

Crop rotation: Regularly changing plantation locations may break the disease cycle.
2
Pesticide
Fungicides: Use of suitable fungicides can control the disease, such as propiconazole or triadimefon.

Seed Treatment: Pre-treating seeds with fungicide like thiram can reduce initial infections.
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Wilting
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What is Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
Wilting is a disease that severely impacts the health and vitality of Madagascar periwinkle. It is characterized by the drooping and withering of leaves, leading to the reduction in flowering, stunted growth, and potentially plant death. The disease may affect Madagascar periwinkle irrespective of the stage of its lifecycle.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
The main symptoms on Madagascar periwinkle include drooping leaves, browning and yellowing of foliage, leaf curl, reduced flowering, stunted growth, and in severe cases, plant death. These symptoms are often present regardless of the plant's development stage.
What Causes Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What Causes Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Fungal infection
The main cause of Wilting in Madagascar periwinkle is due to soil-borne fungal pathogens such as Verticillium and Fusarium.
2
Watering practices
Overwatering or underwatering can also cause wilting, as it leads to root rot or drought stress respectively.
3
Temperature stress
Extremes of temperature, both high and low, can induce wilting.
How to Treat Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
How to Treat Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Non pesticide
Proper watering: Ensure that Madagascar periwinkle receives a suitable, balanced amount of water to avoid both drought stress and waterlogging.

Temperature regulation: Keep Madagascar periwinkle in ideal temperatures to reduce the chance of temperature-induced wilting.
2
Pesticide
Fungicides: Apply fungicides specific to Verticillium and Fusarium to kill the pathogens causing wilting.

Disease-resistant varieties: Plant disease-resistant forms of Madagascar periwinkle to lessen the impact of wilting.
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Leaf rot
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What is Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
Leaf rot is a common disease affecting Madagascar periwinkle. Primarily contracted through soil-borne pathogens, the disease erodes the plant's vitality, leading to poor growth, damage, and potential death. It's most active in damp conditions and can be controlled through pesticides and sound gardening practices.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Madagascar periwinkle with leaf rot exhibit discoloration, typically yellowing or wilting of lower leaves. The stems become soft and are covered with irregularly-shaped dark brown blotches. As the disease progresses, the entire plant may wilt and ultimately die.
What Causes Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What Causes Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Fungi
The primary cause of leaf rot is certain fungi primarily Phytophthora and Pythium, which are present in the soil and thrives especially in waterlogged conditions.
2
Improper Planting
Placing Madagascar periwinkle in locations that retain excessive moisture can contribute to the disease's development.
How to Treat Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
How to Treat Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Non pesticide
Good Drainage: Ensure your Madagascar periwinkle is planted in soil with adequate drainage to prevent waterlogging.

Regular Monitoring: Regularly inspect plants for signs of stress or infection, and remove affected plants promptly to avoid disease spread.
2
Pesticide
Fungicide Application: Apply authorized fungicides to manage fungal infections. The treatment is more effective when used as a preventable measure.

Periodic Spraying: Regularly spray the plants with the proper concentration of the fungicides to manage the disease.
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Nutrient deficiencies
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Nutrient deficiencies
A lack of nutrients will cause a widespread yellowing of the leaves. The yellowing may begin at the base or top of the plant.
Overview
Overview
Nutrient deficiencies can be seen in many different ways on plants. Basically, the lack of nutrients will inhibit plant growth, produce weak stems and leaves, and leave plants open to infection from pests and diseases. Plants use the nutrients from the soil to help them with photosynthesis. This, in turn, produces healthy plant growth. Plants that lack adequate amounts of nutrients will look lackluster and unhealthy. Eventually, if this is not addressed, it will cause the plants to die. The most important nutrients that plants need are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Additionally, plants require small amounts of micronutrients such as iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
A common sign that plants are experiencing nutrient deficiencies is the yellowing of leaves. This may be an overall yellowing or leaves that are yellow but still have green veins. These leaves will eventually brown off and die.
Another sign is the loss of plant vigor. The plants may not be growing as well as they should or their growth may be stunted.
Below are some common symptoms that appear when plants are lacking in nutrients.
Nitrogen (N): Inner, older leaves yellow first. If the deficiency is severe, yellowing progresses outward to newer growth.
Potassium (K): Leaf edges may turn brown and crinkly, with a yellowing layer forming just inside of the edge. Older leaves tend to be impacted first.
Phosphorus (P): Lack of vigorous growth. Plants will appear stunted.
Zinc (Zn): Yellowing tends to occur first at the base of the leaf.
Copper (Cu): Newer leaves begin to yellow first, with older leaves yellowing only if the deficiency becomes severe.
Boron (B): Newer leaves are impacted first. Foliage may also become particularly brittle in cases of boron deficiency.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
There are several factors that can lead to nutrient deficiencies, a situation where plants are not receiving the nutrients that they need. This could be because they are planted in nutrient-deficient soils, or that the soil's pH is too high or low. Incorrect soil pH can lock up certain nutrients, thus making them unavailable to plants. Lack of soil moisture can also be a problem, because plants need water to be able to absorb the nutrients from the soil.
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Aged yellow and dry
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Aged yellow and dry
Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.
Overview
Overview
Regardless of the type of plant or where it is grown, at some point, it will begin to aged yellow and dry. This is a natural, unavoidable process that happens when the plant has completed all of the steps in its life.
Annual plants go through this process at the end of a single growing season. Perennial plants live for multiple years, if not tens or hundreds of years, but will still ultimately exhibit these symptoms.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
When plants have progressed through their natural developmental stages and are nearing the end of their lifecycle, they begin showing signs of decline. Leaves will start to yellow and droop, and over time they turn papery brown and dry.
Once completely dry, the leaves begin to fall from the plant until the entire plant has dried out.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
At the end of its life, genetic coding within the plant increases the production of ethylene, a phytohormone that controls senescence or natural aging and death. Cell division stops, and the plant begins catabolizing resources to use in other parts of the plant.
As this happens, the tissues begin yellow and drying until the entire plant is desiccated and perishes.
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Wilting after blooming
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Wilting after blooming
Flowers may wither for a variety of reasons.
Overview
Overview
Wilting after blooming is sometimes a natural aging process of the flower, while other times it may indicate a problem. Orchids, for example, can bloom for anywhere from two weeks to three months, so wilting after a few days signals a problem for most varieties. This can happen to virtually any ornamental flowering plant, but those with shallow roots and limited tolerance for drought, full sun, and low humidity are more susceptible.
This is a common problem, and often has an easy fix. Sometimes, however, it is the result of more serious causes such as pests or disease of the root system.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
  • At first, flowers may look a little limp.
  • Petals may start to appear dried out and turn brown.
  • Eventually they may drop off the plant all together.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Wilting blooms can be a sign of an unhealthy root system. Any condition that prevents the plant from absorbing enough water and nutrition can result in wilting blooms and sometimes other symptoms. If the plant doesn’t have enough water, it cannot maintain appropriate pressure within stems, leaves, and blooms, causing them to wilt.
This can result from physical damage – for example from root breakage during re-potting or attack by insects like cutworms. If you recently re-potted your plant, physical damage to the roots is a likely cause. If you see insects, they may be eating leaves, roots, or flowers. Fungal infections can also cause root rot and damage, preventing water and nutrient uptake.
Finally, wilting blooms can result simply from age. If no other symptoms are visible, it may simply signal the natural end of the flower’s lifespan. If it seems premature, this may be caused by environmental factors: water, humidity, light, or stress. Under-watering is a common cause. Similarly, plants adapted to high humidity dry out easily when humidity is low, like during winter or in dry climates. Too much light can also stress plants that need shade, causing blooms to wilt.
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toxic

Madagascar periwinkle and Their Toxicity

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* The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.
Highly Toxic to Humans
Highly Toxic to Humans
All parts of madagascar periwinkle have moderate to severe toxicity when they are ingested, including the leaves, flowers, seeds, stems, fruits, and roots. Poisoning by madagascar periwinkle can be fatal, and symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure, seizures, tremors, depression, and coma. Poisoning is most likely to occur in children from accidental ingestion, as this flower is commonly planted as an annual in gardens.
Toxic to Dogs
Toxic to Dogs
The madagascar periwinkle is moderately to severely poisonous if ingested by dogs. The entire plant contains toxins which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. If ingested in large amounts the dog can go into seizures, so it's best to contact your vet if you suspect your dog has consumed any part of this plant.
Toxic to Cats
Toxic to Cats
The severely toxic madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) has an awful taste that usually discourages cats from taking more than a single bite. However, this plant carries extremely strong alkaloids that may cause pain or even induce a coma if the cat consumes a sufficiently large quantity. Veterinary care is very highly recommended if a cat is seen to ingest this plant.
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Who Is Most at Risk of Plant Poisoning?
Your pets like cats and dogs can be poisoned by them as well!
1
Do not let your lovely pets eat any parts, nor contact with the sap of toxic or unknown plants;
2
It’s better to kill those growing around your house. Wear long-sleeved shirts, pants and gloves with sharp tools to dig it out completely;
3
Clean the tools with rubbing alcohol or soap and water but do not do that with bare hands;
4
Clean your hands and skin once exposed to plants with soap and water;
5
Consider using barrier creams that contain bentoquatam to prevent poison oak, ivy and sumac rashes;
6
Dump it in special trash cans in sealed garbage packages, and do not let your pets reach it;Do not let your lovely pets eat any parts, nor contact with the sap of toxic or unknown plants;
7
If you take your pets to hike with you in the wild, please don’t let them eat any plants that you don’t know;
8
Once your pets eat, touch or inhale anything from toxic plants and act abnormally, please call the doctors for help ASAP!
pets
Pets
Some pets are less likely than children to eat and touch just about everything. This is good, as a pet owner. However, you know your pet best, and it is up to you to keep them safe. There are plenty of poisonous weeds that can grow within the confines of your lawn, which might make your dogs or cats ill or worse if they eat them. Try to have an idea of what toxic plants grow in your area and keep them under control and your pets away from them.
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Common Toxic Houseplants
Common Toxic Houseplants
When it comes to decorating a house, there is nothing more refreshing than adding some beautiful houseplants. Some common house plants can also be toxic.

Aloe

aloe
Aloe is famous for its sunburn-soothing properties and its gorgeous desert design. However, many people do not realize that the latex the aloe vera plant produces can be mildly toxic to pets and children.

The latex contains a chemical compound known as saponin. Which when ingested, can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and low blood sugar. This, if left unchecked, can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The proper response is to contact poison control or a veterinarian to know what to do in your particular circumstance if either your child or pet consumes aloe.

The latex of the plant is similar to the sap of the tree. It is inside the leaf, but sticks mainly toward the edges. If aloe gel is prepared properly it should be safe for use, but be sure to apply it only topically when treating burns.

Philodendron

Philodendron
Philodendron, also known as sweetheart vine, has become a resident at many houses and even businesses. They are glossy green and the leaves elegantly split, displaying interesting designs. Behind this beauty there is a needle-like toxin called calcium oxalate crystals.

These crystals are held within the plant and only affect you, your pets, or your loved ones if the plant tissue is broken. If ingested, the crystals can cause severe swelling, difficulty breathing, stomach pain, burning and pain. If they are accidentally caught on the skin, they can cause skin irritation.

If anyone accidentally ingests philodendron and they find it difficult to breathe or their tongue starts to swell up, it is important to seek medical attention immediately to avoid suffocation. If you have very young children or pets who have a tendency to tear at plants, keep them away from any philodendrons.

Peace Lily

Peace Lily
Peace lilies produce stunningly white flowers that bring to mind peace and serenity. This is one reason they are invited into our homes and given a place to stay. However, similar to philodendrons, the peace lily contains oxalate crystals known as raphides.

The raphides, once ingested, will cause swelling and burning sensations and can also cause skin irritation. Both pets and humans can get these symptoms so it is important to keep these plants from anyone who is likely to tear or chew it. Symptoms can become dire if the raphides cause the tongue and throat to swell to a point where the person or pet is having difficulty breathing. Seek proper medical attention if this is the case.

Snake Plant

Snake Plant
The snake plant is an interesting and popular house plant. Its stark architecture and wavy coloring has made it a fan favorite. This plant too, however, is toxic when ingested or if the sap touches your skin.

Snake plant sap will cause rashes if it comes into contact with your skin. In addition, it will cause diarrhea and vomiting when ingested. Again these symptoms are very serious and would be best avoided by keeping snake plants out of reach or by choosing a different houseplant.
Common Toxic Garden Plants
Common Toxic Garden Plants

Daffodil

Daffodil
Daffodils are a strikingly colorful flower. This can sometimes bring them much attention not from just onlooking adults but children as well. Since kids are more drawn to colorful objects, they may have a higher chance of just grabbing the flower and eating it. Adults have also been known to accidentally grab daffodil bulbs instead of onions.

Why are these mistakes so dangerous? Daffodils contain lycorine, which can induce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It also contains oxalates which can cause swelling and pain. The symptoms can be worse in animals, because if your pets eat daffodils they may experience drowsiness, low blood pressure or even liver damage.

Make sure to call poison control when these symptoms set in. The vomiting and diarrhea have been known to go away after 3 hours, but it is better to be safe than sorry. Ingesting liquids to keep hydration up can be important. If the patient is having difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.

Hydrangea

Hydrangea
Hydrangeas are unique, with their soft blue and pink flowers. They are a great addition to any garden, but should not be snacked on—not that you would want to. Hydrangeas can be especially nasty because they contain compounds known as glycosides. These will release hydrogen cyanide into the bloodstream when consumed. This will block your body’s ability to uptake oxygen to the cells in your body.

The way to combat this kind of poisoning is through getting IVs from the vet or doctor. It is important to contact your medical professional immediately since the symptoms can be fatal within minutes or hours.

Rhododendrons

Rhododendrons
Rhododendron, the state flower of Washington, is also toxic. The multitudinous, pink flowers can be quite dangerous. All parts of this plant are toxic, the leaves and seeds more so than the flowers. However, even the nectar of the flower is toxic and in the Mediterranean, where rhododendrons grow in more dense quantities, the honey from bees who gather rhododendron nectar can be poisonous.

Normally kids and pets do not eat enough to experience the full poisoning effect. However, just eating two leaves is enough to be considered dangerous. The grayanotoxin glycosides within the rhododendron can cause vomiting, diarrhea and irregular heartbeats. Things can get very serious when too much rhododendron is consumed and can lead to necessary medical intervention.

Start by calling poison control first if you suspect anyone has been munching on rhododendrons. The experts there will be able to help guide you through the necessary processes to cure your loved one.

Rhubarb

Rhubarb
Yummy rhubarb has a nasty side to it. While the stems are used in many recipes, including for rhubarb strawberry pie, the leaves are toxic. They contain oxalic acid which is known to blister the mouth, cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and kidney stones. The leaves are known to be more toxic to pets than humans, but in either case, it is important to contact poison control immediately to figure out necessary steps to cure the patient.
Common Toxic Weeds in the Yard
Common Toxic Weeds in the Yard

Bittersweet Nightshade

Bittersweet Nightshade
Nightshade is an invasive, noxious weed that is extremely poisonous. It has been found along the East and West Coast of the U.S. It makes its home in areas with disturbed soil. This could be near your garden or areas that have recently had bushes/trees put in.

These plants are dark green with purple flowers that develop into bright red berries. The whole plant is toxic and should be avoided by pets and children alike. If ingested it can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The colorful berries are especially enticing to young children. If you see any plants that look similar to tomato or pepper plants that you did not plant in your yard, it is best to just pull them immediately.

Call poison control immediately if you think someone has fallen victim to nightshade.

Buttercups

Buttercups
Buttercups are found throughout the United States, especially in wet areas. The shiny, yellow flowers will pop up in the springtime, accompanying their dandelion friends. However, unlike dandelions, buttercups are not edible.

Buttercups will release a compound called protoanemonin. This toxin is known to cause vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stool, hypersalivation, depression, blisters, and more. These symptoms will affect both humans and animals. The sap may also cause irritation when it comes into contact with skin. These yellow flowers are dangerous and children should be observed cautiously when around them.

Foxgloves

Foxgloves
Foxgloves are beautiful plants that build towers out of vivid purple bell-shaped blossoms. They are very pretty to look at, but they contain a compound known as digoxin. This chemical is used in certain medicines to help people with certain heart conditions. However, the medicine is made by specialists, whereas someone eating foxgloves will receive unregulated amounts of the chemical.

This toxin can make you vomit and lower your heartbeat. This often causes dizziness and faintness. It is extremely important to call poison control immediately to know what to do in the case of foxglove poisoning. Some people have confused the young leaves of foxglove with borage, making adult foragers at risk as well as kids and pets.
How to Tend to or Get Rid of Toxic Plants
How to Tend to or Get Rid of Toxic Plants
Now that you know where to start with toxic plant identification, let us discuss how to either tend to the poisonous plants you decide to keep or get rid of them that plague your yard.

How to Tend to Poisonous Plants

Many plants that are toxic when ingested are also skin irritants. The philodendron is a good example of this. When the sap comes into contact with skin, it can cause a rash to form. To help protect yourself when tending to toxic plants, it is important to wear some sort of gloves.
Tend
Latex gloves may be the best solution due to their disposability. Regular gloves could potentially keep the poisonous sap on their surface. If the gloves aren’t cleaned then you could accidentally touch the irritant or pass it to someone else.

In addition you will want to plan where to keep your deadly beauties. If you have a toxic indoor plant try to keep it up high or out of reach of children and pets. This will keep accidents few and far between. Another idea is keeping your plants in areas that are usually inaccessible to children or pets. Areas such as an office, study room, or guest bedroom could be good locations. If applicable, you could also set up a terrarium for your little plant baby, making it more difficult for curious hands or paws to access.
tend2
If you plan to have outdoor plants, location will be key. You will want to put plants in an area that will be inaccessible to children, pets and even wild animals. You will probably want to avoid planting the plants in the front of your house if kids walk by on a regular basis, just to be cautious. Having the plants behind a fence will be best, but use your discretion when choosing a spot.

How to Get Rid of Poisonous Plants

plants
The easiest but possibly most controversial way to get rid of poisonous plants is by using herbicides. This can be especially easy if you own a grass lawn and use an herbicide that targets broadleaf (non-grass) species. You can find many herbicides meant for yard use by simply searching the term online. Once you have purchased the herbicide you will want to make sure to follow the label posted on the container. If you follow the instructions precisely, then everything should run smoothly for you.

If you don’t plan on using herbicides, there are a few organic methods you can use to try to get rid of toxic plants. You can manually pull the plants out of the ground. This is probably one of the most difficult methods because there is no assurance that you will get the whole plant out this way.

You can also try pouring boiling hot water or spraying white vinegar on the target plants. This may take more time than using a synthetic herbicide, but you can feel a little better about using these products.

You can also try to use wood chips to cover a certain area where you do not want anything to grow. This will not stop all the weeds, but the few that make it through can be easily picked by hand.
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Who Is Most at Risk of Plant Poisoning?
Everyone should keep the following in mind to prevent being poisoned:
1
Do not eat any parts, nor contact with the sap of toxic or unknown plants;
2
If you need to kill it, wear long-sleeved shirts, pants and gloves with sharp tools to dig it out completely;
3
Clean the tools with rubbing alcohol or soap and water but do not do that with bare hands;
4
Clean your hands and skin once exposed to plants with soap and water;
5
Consider using barrier creams that contain bentoquatam to prevent poison oak, ivy and sumac rashes;
6
Dump it in special trash cans in sealed garbage packages;
7
Wear properly when you hiking or working in the wilderness. Long pants, long sleeves, gloves, hiking shoes, etc., that protect you from being hurt by any plants;
8
Once you or your family aren’t feeling well after eating, touching or inhaling anything from toxic plants, please call your doctor for help ASAP!
Outdoor Workers
Outdoor Workers and Recreationalists
Those who enjoy the outdoors either as a hobby or as part of their work will rarely see a plant and decide to munch on it (although the scenario is not unheard of). However, they do tend to deal with moving through and brushing aside plants. These people are more at risk of being poisoned by touching toxic plants than by ingesting them.
Outdoor Workers
Foragers
Foragers
Foraging for food and medicinal plants is a desirable skill among people who want to feel at one with the land. This hobby can be very useful and enjoyable, but if done wrong , it can lead to disastrous effects. People who forage are picking and grabbing plants with the full intention of using those plants, most of the time to ingest them.
Foragers
Children
Children
While outdoor workers are more likely to touch poison and foragers are more likely to ingest poison, children can easily do both. These bundles of joy just love to run around and explore the world. They enjoy touching things and occasionally shoving random stuff in their mouth; this is a terrible combination with toxic plants in the mix.
If you let your children run about, it is important to know what are the local toxic plants that they could accidentally get into. Try to educate the children and steer them away from where the toxic plants are located.
Children
Common Toxic Houseplants
Common Toxic Houseplants
When it comes to decorating a house, there is nothing more refreshing than adding some beautiful houseplants. Some common house plants can also be toxic.

Aloe

aloe
Aloe is famous for its sunburn-soothing properties and its gorgeous desert design. However, many people do not realize that the latex the aloe vera plant produces can be mildly toxic to pets and children.

The latex contains a chemical compound known as saponin. Which when ingested, can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and low blood sugar. This, if left unchecked, can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The proper response is to contact poison control or a veterinarian to know what to do in your particular circumstance if either your child or pet consumes aloe.

The latex of the plant is similar to the sap of the tree. It is inside the leaf, but sticks mainly toward the edges. If aloe gel is prepared properly it should be safe for use, but be sure to apply it only topically when treating burns.

Philodendron

Philodendron
Philodendron, also known as sweetheart vine, has become a resident at many houses and even businesses. They are glossy green and the leaves elegantly split, displaying interesting designs. Behind this beauty there is a needle-like toxin called calcium oxalate crystals.

These crystals are held within the plant and only affect you, your pets, or your loved ones if the plant tissue is broken. If ingested, the crystals can cause severe swelling, difficulty breathing, stomach pain, burning and pain. If they are accidentally caught on the skin, they can cause skin irritation.

If anyone accidentally ingests philodendron and they find it difficult to breathe or their tongue starts to swell up, it is important to seek medical attention immediately to avoid suffocation. If you have very young children or pets who have a tendency to tear at plants, keep them away from any philodendrons.

Peace Lily

Peace Lily
Peace lilies produce stunningly white flowers that bring to mind peace and serenity. This is one reason they are invited into our homes and given a place to stay. However, similar to philodendrons, the peace lily contains oxalate crystals known as raphides.

The raphides, once ingested, will cause swelling and burning sensations and can also cause skin irritation. Both pets and humans can get these symptoms so it is important to keep these plants from anyone who is likely to tear or chew it. Symptoms can become dire if the raphides cause the tongue and throat to swell to a point where the person or pet is having difficulty breathing. Seek proper medical attention if this is the case.

Snake Plant

Snake Plant
The snake plant is an interesting and popular house plant. Its stark architecture and wavy coloring has made it a fan favorite. This plant too, however, is toxic when ingested or if the sap touches your skin.

Snake plant sap will cause rashes if it comes into contact with your skin. In addition, it will cause diarrhea and vomiting when ingested. Again these symptoms are very serious and would be best avoided by keeping snake plants out of reach or by choosing a different houseplant.
Common Toxic Garden Plants
Common Toxic Garden Plants

Daffodil

Daffodil
Daffodils are a strikingly colorful flower. This can sometimes bring them much attention not from just onlooking adults but children as well. Since kids are more drawn to colorful objects, they may have a higher chance of just grabbing the flower and eating it. Adults have also been known to accidentally grab daffodil bulbs instead of onions.

Why are these mistakes so dangerous? Daffodils contain lycorine, which can induce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It also contains oxalates which can cause swelling and pain. The symptoms can be worse in animals, because if your pets eat daffodils they may experience drowsiness, low blood pressure or even liver damage.

Make sure to call poison control when these symptoms set in. The vomiting and diarrhea have been known to go away after 3 hours, but it is better to be safe than sorry. Ingesting liquids to keep hydration up can be important. If the patient is having difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.

Hydrangea

Hydrangea
Hydrangeas are unique, with their soft blue and pink flowers. They are a great addition to any garden, but should not be snacked on—not that you would want to. Hydrangeas can be especially nasty because they contain compounds known as glycosides. These will release hydrogen cyanide into the bloodstream when consumed. This will block your body’s ability to uptake oxygen to the cells in your body.

The way to combat this kind of poisoning is through getting IVs from the vet or doctor. It is important to contact your medical professional immediately since the symptoms can be fatal within minutes or hours.

Rhododendrons

Rhododendrons
Rhododendron, the state flower of Washington, is also toxic. The multitudinous, pink flowers can be quite dangerous. All parts of this plant are toxic, the leaves and seeds more so than the flowers. However, even the nectar of the flower is toxic and in the Mediterranean, where rhododendrons grow in more dense quantities, the honey from bees who gather rhododendron nectar can be poisonous.

Normally kids and pets do not eat enough to experience the full poisoning effect. However, just eating two leaves is enough to be considered dangerous. The grayanotoxin glycosides within the rhododendron can cause vomiting, diarrhea and irregular heartbeats. Things can get very serious when too much rhododendron is consumed and can lead to necessary medical intervention.

Start by calling poison control first if you suspect anyone has been munching on rhododendrons. The experts there will be able to help guide you through the necessary processes to cure your loved one.

Rhubarb

Rhubarb
Yummy rhubarb has a nasty side to it. While the stems are used in many recipes, including for rhubarb strawberry pie, the leaves are toxic. They contain oxalic acid which is known to blister the mouth, cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and kidney stones. The leaves are known to be more toxic to pets than humans, but in either case, it is important to contact poison control immediately to figure out necessary steps to cure the patient.
Common Toxic Weeds in the Yard
Common Toxic Weeds in the Yard

Bittersweet Nightshade

Bittersweet Nightshade
Nightshade is an invasive, noxious weed that is extremely poisonous. It has been found along the East and West Coast of the U.S. It makes its home in areas with disturbed soil. This could be near your garden or areas that have recently had bushes/trees put in.

These plants are dark green with purple flowers that develop into bright red berries. The whole plant is toxic and should be avoided by pets and children alike. If ingested it can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The colorful berries are especially enticing to young children. If you see any plants that look similar to tomato or pepper plants that you did not plant in your yard, it is best to just pull them immediately.

Call poison control immediately if you think someone has fallen victim to nightshade.

Buttercups

Buttercups
Buttercups are found throughout the United States, especially in wet areas. The shiny, yellow flowers will pop up in the springtime, accompanying their dandelion friends. However, unlike dandelions, buttercups are not edible.

Buttercups will release a compound called protoanemonin. This toxin is known to cause vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stool, hypersalivation, depression, blisters, and more. These symptoms will affect both humans and animals. The sap may also cause irritation when it comes into contact with skin. These yellow flowers are dangerous and children should be observed cautiously when around them.

Foxgloves

Foxgloves
Foxgloves are beautiful plants that build towers out of vivid purple bell-shaped blossoms. They are very pretty to look at, but they contain a compound known as digoxin. This chemical is used in certain medicines to help people with certain heart conditions. However, the medicine is made by specialists, whereas someone eating foxgloves will receive unregulated amounts of the chemical.

This toxin can make you vomit and lower your heartbeat. This often causes dizziness and faintness. It is extremely important to call poison control immediately to know what to do in the case of foxglove poisoning. Some people have confused the young leaves of foxglove with borage, making adult foragers at risk as well as kids and pets.
How to Tend to or Get Rid of Toxic Plants
How to Tend to or Get Rid of Toxic Plants
Now that you know where to start with toxic plant identification, let us discuss how to either tend to the poisonous plants you decide to keep or get rid of them that plague your yard.

How to Tend to Poisonous Plants

Many plants that are toxic when ingested are also skin irritants. The philodendron is a good example of this. When the sap comes into contact with skin, it can cause a rash to form. To help protect yourself when tending to toxic plants, it is important to wear some sort of gloves.
Tend
Latex gloves may be the best solution due to their disposability. Regular gloves could potentially keep the poisonous sap on their surface. If the gloves aren’t cleaned then you could accidentally touch the irritant or pass it to someone else.

In addition you will want to plan where to keep your deadly beauties. If you have a toxic indoor plant try to keep it up high or out of reach of children and pets. This will keep accidents few and far between. Another idea is keeping your plants in areas that are usually inaccessible to children or pets. Areas such as an office, study room, or guest bedroom could be good locations. If applicable, you could also set up a terrarium for your little plant baby, making it more difficult for curious hands or paws to access.
tend2
If you plan to have outdoor plants, location will be key. You will want to put plants in an area that will be inaccessible to children, pets and even wild animals. You will probably want to avoid planting the plants in the front of your house if kids walk by on a regular basis, just to be cautious. Having the plants behind a fence will be best, but use your discretion when choosing a spot.

How to Get Rid of Poisonous Plants

plants
The easiest but possibly most controversial way to get rid of poisonous plants is by using herbicides. This can be especially easy if you own a grass lawn and use an herbicide that targets broadleaf (non-grass) species. You can find many herbicides meant for yard use by simply searching the term online. Once you have purchased the herbicide you will want to make sure to follow the label posted on the container. If you follow the instructions precisely, then everything should run smoothly for you.

If you don’t plan on using herbicides, there are a few organic methods you can use to try to get rid of toxic plants. You can manually pull the plants out of the ground. This is probably one of the most difficult methods because there is no assurance that you will get the whole plant out this way.

You can also try pouring boiling hot water or spraying white vinegar on the target plants. This may take more time than using a synthetic herbicide, but you can feel a little better about using these products.

You can also try to use wood chips to cover a certain area where you do not want anything to grow. This will not stop all the weeds, but the few that make it through can be easily picked by hand.
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weed

Weed Control About Madagascar periwinkle

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Toxic weed
Although cultivated around the world, the madagascar periwinkle can be toxic for both humans and animals, and some do consider the madagascar periwinkle to be an invasive weed.
How to Control it
If you live in a subtropical and tropical area, then you will find that madagascar periwinkle spreads quite rapidly in the garden. While it may be a trailing plant or useful groundcover, you can control its spread by cutting back vines or digging up unwanted parts of the plant. You could also try growing the plant in window boxes or other containers, which should be kept away from your pet’s reach. Of course, you would still need to deal with it self-seeding, but deadheading flowers can help to prevent that. If you want to remove the plant from your garden completely, manual digging is an effective way. However, you could also try an oil-based herbicide for larger areas. Although it will take quite a few seasons of use for this to work, spraying it consistently in the winter can help to slowly kill the plant off.
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distribution

Distribution of Madagascar periwinkle

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Habitat of Madagascar periwinkle

Waste areas, trash piles, disturbed sites
Northern Hemisphere
South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Madagascar periwinkle

Originally native to the sandy coastal regions of Madagascar, madagascar periwinkle is now widely naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. Its adaptation to dry, arid areas means that this garden ornamental has become invasive in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania.
distribution map
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
habit
care_scenes

More Info on Madagascar Periwinkle Growth and Care

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Basic Care Guide
Common Pests & Diseases
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Water
Twice per week
Madagascar periwinkle primarily thrives in the tropical and subtropical regions of Madagascar, where weather conditions fluctuate between rainy and dry seasons. Being accustomed to this cycling environment, the plant has adapted to endure periods of drought, indicating less frequent watering needs. Its natural tolerance to dry spells suggests a preference for thoroughly dried out soils before re-watering, replicating its native climate's intermittent rainfalls. Watering needs can also be linked to its accustomed high humidity, which helps it retain moisture.
Watering Techniques
Lighting
Full sun
The madagascar periwinkle thrives best under ample sunlight. Such exposure fosters a robust growth, triggering a boost in flowering. If afforded less solar exposure, it is still capable of surviving yet poorly floriferous. Bearing its origins in sun-drenched habitats, its intolerance to low-light conditions may lead to weak growth and increased susceptibility to diseases, so a hefty amount of sunlight is preferred.
Best Sunlight Practices
Temperature
0 - 43 ℃
The madagascar periwinkle thrives in its native growth environment with temperatures ranging from 20 to 38 ℃ (68 to 100.4 ℉). This plant prefers warm temperatures and can become stressed in temperatures below 18 ℃ (64.4 ℉). During winter, it is suggested to keep the temperature around 20 ℃ (68 ℉) to prevent the plant from being damaged by cold drafts.
Temp for Healthy Growth
Transplant
1-2 feet
The finest season for transplanting madagascar periwinkle is mid to late spring, or mid to late fall, with milder temperatures allowing for optimum root growth. Choose a well-drained, sunny location for madagascar periwinkle; provide ample space between plants to ensure adequate air circulation.
Transplant Techniques
Pruning
Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter
Renowned for its glossy green foliage and vibrant flowers, madagascar periwinkle thrives with regular pruning. Pinch back tips periodically to encourage bushiness. Prune back a third of stems post-bloom to foster rejuvenation. Suitable year-round, yet optimal post-flowering. Pruning heightens disease resistance and airflow, enhancing overall health and bloom quality. Always use sterilized tools to prevent infection.
Pruning techniques
Propagation
Spring, Summer
Madagascar periwinkle is best propagated through cutting during spring and summer. This moderately easy method includes observing successful root growth as an indication of fruitful propagation. Offer consistent moisture levels and maintain warmth for optimal results.
Propagation Techniques
Brown blotch
Brown spot is a fungal disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae that affects Madagascar periwinkle. It leads to weakening and underdevelopment of the plant as it causes browning and spotting on the leaves and stems. If left untreated, it can significantly reduce plant vigor and aesthetic appeal.
Learn More About the Disease
Wilting
Wilting is a disease that severely impacts the health and vitality of Madagascar periwinkle. It is characterized by the drooping and withering of leaves, leading to the reduction in flowering, stunted growth, and potentially plant death. The disease may affect Madagascar periwinkle irrespective of the stage of its lifecycle.
Learn More About the Disease
Leaf rot
Leaf rot is a common disease affecting Madagascar periwinkle. Primarily contracted through soil-borne pathogens, the disease erodes the plant's vitality, leading to poor growth, damage, and potential death. It's most active in damp conditions and can be controlled through pesticides and sound gardening practices.
Learn More About the Disease
Toxic
Highly Toxic to Humans
All parts of madagascar periwinkle have moderate to severe toxicity when they are ingested, including the leaves, flowers, seeds, stems, fruits, and roots. Poisoning by madagascar periwinkle can be fatal, and symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure, seizures, tremors, depression, and coma. Poisoning is most likely to occur in children from accidental ingestion, as this flower is commonly planted as an annual in gardens.
Toxic Details
Feng shui direction
South
Madagascar periwinkle may attract prosperity and positive energy as it embodies a balance of nourishment and healing. Southern facing direction can enhance its uplifting properties, as the South represents fire in Feng Shui, and may invigorate the plant's energy.
Fengshui Details
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Plants Related to Madagascar periwinkle

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Shame plant
Shame plant
The Sensitive plant is aptly named for its distinctive response of curling up when touched, whereby its fernlike leaves fold inward. Although its purple fuzzy flowers make it a charming indoor plant, it is important to note that the plant contains alkaloids that can be harmful to both humans and animals.
Dwarf umbrella tree
Dwarf umbrella tree
Dwarf umbrella tree (*Schefflera arboricola*) is an evergreen, multi-stemmed shrub native to China. It is commonly grown as a houseplant or a garden plant in milder climates for its decorative palmate compound leaves. The leaves contain calcium oxalates, which can damage internal organs when ingested. It shouldn't be confused with the Australian umbrella tree, *Schefflera actinophylla*.
Golden pothos
Golden pothos
The golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum) is a popular houseplant that is commonly seen in Australia, Asia, and the West Indies. It goes by many nicknames, including "devil's ivy", because it is so hard to kill and can even grow in low light conditions. Golden pothos has poisonous sap, so it should be kept away from pets and children.
Garden balsam
Garden balsam
Garden balsam has been a favorite for European gardens since the Victorian era, although its flatter-flowered cousin has become increasingly more popular. The garden balsam attracts pollinators as well as nectar-feeding birds. The genus name, "Impatiens," which means, "impatient," references the plant's tendency to explosively throw its seeds away from itself.
Brazilian jasmine
Brazilian jasmine
Mandevilla sanderi, colloquially known as brazilian jasmine, is an ornamental perennial vine native to South America. Its velvety flowers are most often white, scarlet or pink in color. Brazilian jasmine contains white latex, which is toxic and can have an irritating effect when it comes in contact with skin or eyes.
European plum
European plum
Prunus domestica is a small deciduous tree and the most common orchard plum in Europe and other regions of the world. It is a hybrid species that had most likely evolved from the wild Cherry plum, Prunus cerasifera. The fruit is elongated, fleshy, and usually sweet. Dried fruits of european plum are called prunes.
Cape jasmine
Cape jasmine
Gardenia jasminoides is an evergreen shrub with unique, glossy evergreen leaves and stunning flowers. The sophisticated, matte white flowers are often used in bouquets. The exceptional beauty of this ornamental plant has made it a popular and highly appreciated plant amongst gardeners and horticulturalists.
Swiss cheese plant
Swiss cheese plant
The swiss cheese plant (Monstera deliciosa) produces bright, glossy leaves and makes a popular houseplant. It is originally native to tropical forest regions in Central America. The nickname swiss cheese plant refers to the small holes that develop in the plant's leaves. The long fruits resemble corncobs and smell sweet and fragrant when ripe.
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Madagascar periwinkle play
Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle
Catharanthus roseus
Also known as: Bright eyes, Old maid
The madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant. It has a long history of cultivation. Over the years, many cultivars have been developed, most commonly with the aim of incorporating new colors or making the plant more tolerant to cold.
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Water
Twice per week
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Sunlight
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Questions About Madagascar periwinkle

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Key Facts About Madagascar periwinkle

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Attributes of Madagascar periwinkle

Lifespan
Perennial, Annual
Plant Type
Herb
Planting Time
Mid spring, Late spring, Summer, Fall
Bloom Time
All year around
Harvest Time
Spring, Summer, Fall, Early winter
Plant Height
10 cm to 1 m
Spread
10 cm to 1 m
Leaf Color
Green
Flower Size
2 cm to 5 cm
Flower Color
White
Pink
Purple
Red
Lavender
Mauve
Stem Color
Green
Red
White
Pink
Dormancy
Non-dormant
Leaf type
Evergreen
Ideal Temperature
20 - 38 ℃
Growth Season
Summer, Fall
Growth Rate
Rapid
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Name story

Madagascar periwinkle
This plant must have witnessed European history as it has existed for thousands of years. Its name, periwinkle is originated from the word, pervinca. After going through multiple derivations from the Anglo-Saxon language and medieval English, it has evolved into the periwinkle today. As it is a plant native to Madagascar, it is often called Madagascar periwinkle.
Bright eyes
As a flowering plant, the most attractive quality of the plant must be the beauty of the flowers. Different colored flower petals come with different shaped stamens. This gives its stamen the appearance on an eye, making it uniquely beautiful. Hence, it is called bright eyes.

Symbolism

Happy memories, faithfulness, youth, purity, strength

Usages

Garden Use
Madagascar periwinkle is an evergreen herbaceous perennial commonly found in gardens within warm climates. It is prized for its colorful and vibrant blooms in the summer months. The pretty flowers mean that it is grown as an ornamental with its trailing stems making it suitable for ground cover. Madagascar periwinkle is appropriate for rockeries and roadsides. Plant with other periwinkles or ferns for strong color contrasts.

Trivia and Interesting Facts

It symbolizes happy memories, faithfulness, and youth. Those born with this birth flower will be very brave and strong. The flower has a story about a philosopher Rousseau and his mother. He saw this little flower for the first time when he went walking with his mother. Years later, he climbed a mountain with his friends and saw the flower again. He picked them and preserved them as a memory with his mother.

Scientific Classification of Madagascar periwinkle

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pests

Common Pests & Diseases About Madagascar periwinkle

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Common issues for Madagascar periwinkle based on 10 million real cases
Brown blotch
Brown blotch Brown blotch Brown blotch
Brown spot is a fungal disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae that affects Madagascar periwinkle. It leads to weakening and underdevelopment of the plant as it causes browning and spotting on the leaves and stems. If left untreated, it can significantly reduce plant vigor and aesthetic appeal.
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Wilting
Wilting Wilting Wilting
Wilting is a disease that severely impacts the health and vitality of Madagascar periwinkle. It is characterized by the drooping and withering of leaves, leading to the reduction in flowering, stunted growth, and potentially plant death. The disease may affect Madagascar periwinkle irrespective of the stage of its lifecycle.
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Leaf rot
Leaf rot Leaf rot Leaf rot
Leaf rot is a common disease affecting Madagascar periwinkle. Primarily contracted through soil-borne pathogens, the disease erodes the plant's vitality, leading to poor growth, damage, and potential death. It's most active in damp conditions and can be controlled through pesticides and sound gardening practices.
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Nutrient deficiencies
Nutrient deficiencies Nutrient deficiencies Nutrient deficiencies
A lack of nutrients will cause a widespread yellowing of the leaves. The yellowing may begin at the base or top of the plant.
Solutions: There are several easy ways to remedy the nutrient deficiencies in soils. Use a water-soluble fertilizer. Fertilizers will include most or all of the macro and micro-nutrients the plants need to thrive. Adding some fertilizer to the soil will make those nutrients available and can combat deficiencies. Regularly apply organic fertilizer pellets. Organic fertilizers such as animal manures and bonemeal can supply plants with all the nutrients that they need to grow strong and healthy. Apply compost. Though not as finely tuned as artificial fertilizer, compost can nevertheless be rich in important nutrients and should be applied to the soil regularly. Apply nutrients via foliar application. In addition to supplementing the soil with nutrients, foliar fertilizer can be applied directly to the plant's leaves. Nutrients offered via foliar application are often taken up even quicker than those put in the soil, so the foliar application can be great for swiftly addressing specific deficiencies.
Learn More About the Nutrient deficiencies more
Aged yellow and dry
Aged yellow and dry Aged yellow and dry Aged yellow and dry
Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.
Solutions: If the yellowing and drying of leaves and flowers is a natural progression due to age, nothing can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
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Wilting after blooming
Wilting after blooming Wilting after blooming Wilting after blooming
Flowers may wither for a variety of reasons.
Solutions: Check the soil or potting medium. Coarse textures can allow water to drain too rapidly, preventing the plant from taking up enough. If the soil and roots seem very dry, add sphagnum moss or other mediums that hold water. Water according to recommendations for each plant's species. Low humidity can be corrected by misting the plant regularly or placing it near a humidifier. Keeping it near other plants helps, too. Keep the environment consistent in terms of temperature, humidity, and lighting. Keep it away from vents, heaters, and air conditioners, and avoid moving it to locations where it will experience a temperature shock. Hot, dry heat, and cold drafts are problematic for many plants. Especially if the plant is outside, it could be experiencing heat or light stress. Try moving it to a shadier location.
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Brown blotch
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What is Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
Brown spot is a fungal disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae that affects Madagascar periwinkle. It leads to weakening and underdevelopment of the plant as it causes browning and spotting on the leaves and stems. If left untreated, it can significantly reduce plant vigor and aesthetic appeal.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
On Madagascar periwinkle, the disease manifests as small, brown, circular or irregularly shaped spots on leaves. As the infection progresses, these spots enlarge causing a noticeable brown discoloration. The plant also suffers from leaf drop, stunted growth, and overall weakness.
What Causes Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What Causes Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Pathogen
Bipolaris oryzae fungus is the primary pathogen causing Brown spot.
2
Environmental conditions
High humidity, warm temperature and prolonged leaf wetness provide a conducive environment for the fungus to thrive and multiply.
How to Treat Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
How to Treat Brown blotch Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Non pesticide
Sanitation: Removing and disposing infected leaves can prevent spread.

Crop rotation: Regularly changing plantation locations may break the disease cycle.
2
Pesticide
Fungicides: Use of suitable fungicides can control the disease, such as propiconazole or triadimefon.

Seed Treatment: Pre-treating seeds with fungicide like thiram can reduce initial infections.
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Wilting
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What is Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
Wilting is a disease that severely impacts the health and vitality of Madagascar periwinkle. It is characterized by the drooping and withering of leaves, leading to the reduction in flowering, stunted growth, and potentially plant death. The disease may affect Madagascar periwinkle irrespective of the stage of its lifecycle.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
The main symptoms on Madagascar periwinkle include drooping leaves, browning and yellowing of foliage, leaf curl, reduced flowering, stunted growth, and in severe cases, plant death. These symptoms are often present regardless of the plant's development stage.
What Causes Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What Causes Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Fungal infection
The main cause of Wilting in Madagascar periwinkle is due to soil-borne fungal pathogens such as Verticillium and Fusarium.
2
Watering practices
Overwatering or underwatering can also cause wilting, as it leads to root rot or drought stress respectively.
3
Temperature stress
Extremes of temperature, both high and low, can induce wilting.
How to Treat Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
How to Treat Wilting Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Non pesticide
Proper watering: Ensure that Madagascar periwinkle receives a suitable, balanced amount of water to avoid both drought stress and waterlogging.

Temperature regulation: Keep Madagascar periwinkle in ideal temperatures to reduce the chance of temperature-induced wilting.
2
Pesticide
Fungicides: Apply fungicides specific to Verticillium and Fusarium to kill the pathogens causing wilting.

Disease-resistant varieties: Plant disease-resistant forms of Madagascar periwinkle to lessen the impact of wilting.
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Leaf rot
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What is Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
Leaf rot is a common disease affecting Madagascar periwinkle. Primarily contracted through soil-borne pathogens, the disease erodes the plant's vitality, leading to poor growth, damage, and potential death. It's most active in damp conditions and can be controlled through pesticides and sound gardening practices.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Madagascar periwinkle with leaf rot exhibit discoloration, typically yellowing or wilting of lower leaves. The stems become soft and are covered with irregularly-shaped dark brown blotches. As the disease progresses, the entire plant may wilt and ultimately die.
What Causes Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
What Causes Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Fungi
The primary cause of leaf rot is certain fungi primarily Phytophthora and Pythium, which are present in the soil and thrives especially in waterlogged conditions.
2
Improper Planting
Placing Madagascar periwinkle in locations that retain excessive moisture can contribute to the disease's development.
How to Treat Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
How to Treat Leaf rot Disease on Madagascar periwinkle?
1
Non pesticide
Good Drainage: Ensure your Madagascar periwinkle is planted in soil with adequate drainage to prevent waterlogging.

Regular Monitoring: Regularly inspect plants for signs of stress or infection, and remove affected plants promptly to avoid disease spread.
2
Pesticide
Fungicide Application: Apply authorized fungicides to manage fungal infections. The treatment is more effective when used as a preventable measure.

Periodic Spraying: Regularly spray the plants with the proper concentration of the fungicides to manage the disease.
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Nutrient deficiencies
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Nutrient deficiencies
A lack of nutrients will cause a widespread yellowing of the leaves. The yellowing may begin at the base or top of the plant.
Overview
Overview
Nutrient deficiencies can be seen in many different ways on plants. Basically, the lack of nutrients will inhibit plant growth, produce weak stems and leaves, and leave plants open to infection from pests and diseases. Plants use the nutrients from the soil to help them with photosynthesis. This, in turn, produces healthy plant growth. Plants that lack adequate amounts of nutrients will look lackluster and unhealthy. Eventually, if this is not addressed, it will cause the plants to die. The most important nutrients that plants need are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Additionally, plants require small amounts of micronutrients such as iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
A common sign that plants are experiencing nutrient deficiencies is the yellowing of leaves. This may be an overall yellowing or leaves that are yellow but still have green veins. These leaves will eventually brown off and die.
Another sign is the loss of plant vigor. The plants may not be growing as well as they should or their growth may be stunted.
Below are some common symptoms that appear when plants are lacking in nutrients.
Nitrogen (N): Inner, older leaves yellow first. If the deficiency is severe, yellowing progresses outward to newer growth.
Potassium (K): Leaf edges may turn brown and crinkly, with a yellowing layer forming just inside of the edge. Older leaves tend to be impacted first.
Phosphorus (P): Lack of vigorous growth. Plants will appear stunted.
Zinc (Zn): Yellowing tends to occur first at the base of the leaf.
Copper (Cu): Newer leaves begin to yellow first, with older leaves yellowing only if the deficiency becomes severe.
Boron (B): Newer leaves are impacted first. Foliage may also become particularly brittle in cases of boron deficiency.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
There are several factors that can lead to nutrient deficiencies, a situation where plants are not receiving the nutrients that they need. This could be because they are planted in nutrient-deficient soils, or that the soil's pH is too high or low. Incorrect soil pH can lock up certain nutrients, thus making them unavailable to plants. Lack of soil moisture can also be a problem, because plants need water to be able to absorb the nutrients from the soil.
Solutions
Solutions
There are several easy ways to remedy the nutrient deficiencies in soils.
  1. Use a water-soluble fertilizer. Fertilizers will include most or all of the macro and micro-nutrients the plants need to thrive. Adding some fertilizer to the soil will make those nutrients available and can combat deficiencies.
  2. Regularly apply organic fertilizer pellets. Organic fertilizers such as animal manures and bonemeal can supply plants with all the nutrients that they need to grow strong and healthy.
  3. Apply compost. Though not as finely tuned as artificial fertilizer, compost can nevertheless be rich in important nutrients and should be applied to the soil regularly.
  4. Apply nutrients via foliar application. In addition to supplementing the soil with nutrients, foliar fertilizer can be applied directly to the plant's leaves. Nutrients offered via foliar application are often taken up even quicker than those put in the soil, so the foliar application can be great for swiftly addressing specific deficiencies.
Prevention
Prevention
There are several easy ways to prevent nutrient deficiencies in plants.
  1. Regular fertilizing. Regular addition of fertilizer to the soil is one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent deficiencies.
  2. Proper watering. Both over and under watering can adversely impact a plant's roots, which in turn makes it harder for them to properly take up nutrients.
  3. Testing the soil's pH. A soil's acidity or alkalinity will impact the degree to which certain nutrients are available to be taken up by plants. Knowing the soil's pH means it can be amended to suit the needs of the individual plants.
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Aged yellow and dry
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Aged yellow and dry
Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.
Overview
Overview
Regardless of the type of plant or where it is grown, at some point, it will begin to aged yellow and dry. This is a natural, unavoidable process that happens when the plant has completed all of the steps in its life.
Annual plants go through this process at the end of a single growing season. Perennial plants live for multiple years, if not tens or hundreds of years, but will still ultimately exhibit these symptoms.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
When plants have progressed through their natural developmental stages and are nearing the end of their lifecycle, they begin showing signs of decline. Leaves will start to yellow and droop, and over time they turn papery brown and dry.
Once completely dry, the leaves begin to fall from the plant until the entire plant has dried out.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
At the end of its life, genetic coding within the plant increases the production of ethylene, a phytohormone that controls senescence or natural aging and death. Cell division stops, and the plant begins catabolizing resources to use in other parts of the plant.
As this happens, the tissues begin yellow and drying until the entire plant is desiccated and perishes.
Solutions
Solutions
If the yellowing and drying of leaves and flowers is a natural progression due to age, nothing can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
Prevention
Prevention
Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent plants from dying of “old age.” To help prolong their life, and put off symptoms of aged yellow and dry for as long as possible, take care of them by giving them enough water, fertilizing them appropriately, and making sure they get enough sunlight.
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Wilting after blooming
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Wilting after blooming
Flowers may wither for a variety of reasons.
Overview
Overview
Wilting after blooming is sometimes a natural aging process of the flower, while other times it may indicate a problem. Orchids, for example, can bloom for anywhere from two weeks to three months, so wilting after a few days signals a problem for most varieties. This can happen to virtually any ornamental flowering plant, but those with shallow roots and limited tolerance for drought, full sun, and low humidity are more susceptible.
This is a common problem, and often has an easy fix. Sometimes, however, it is the result of more serious causes such as pests or disease of the root system.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
  • At first, flowers may look a little limp.
  • Petals may start to appear dried out and turn brown.
  • Eventually they may drop off the plant all together.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Wilting blooms can be a sign of an unhealthy root system. Any condition that prevents the plant from absorbing enough water and nutrition can result in wilting blooms and sometimes other symptoms. If the plant doesn’t have enough water, it cannot maintain appropriate pressure within stems, leaves, and blooms, causing them to wilt.
This can result from physical damage – for example from root breakage during re-potting or attack by insects like cutworms. If you recently re-potted your plant, physical damage to the roots is a likely cause. If you see insects, they may be eating leaves, roots, or flowers. Fungal infections can also cause root rot and damage, preventing water and nutrient uptake.
Finally, wilting blooms can result simply from age. If no other symptoms are visible, it may simply signal the natural end of the flower’s lifespan. If it seems premature, this may be caused by environmental factors: water, humidity, light, or stress. Under-watering is a common cause. Similarly, plants adapted to high humidity dry out easily when humidity is low, like during winter or in dry climates. Too much light can also stress plants that need shade, causing blooms to wilt.
Solutions
Solutions
  • Check the soil or potting medium. Coarse textures can allow water to drain too rapidly, preventing the plant from taking up enough. If the soil and roots seem very dry, add sphagnum moss or other mediums that hold water.
  • Water according to recommendations for each plant's species.
  • Low humidity can be corrected by misting the plant regularly or placing it near a humidifier. Keeping it near other plants helps, too.
  • Keep the environment consistent in terms of temperature, humidity, and lighting. Keep it away from vents, heaters, and air conditioners, and avoid moving it to locations where it will experience a temperature shock. Hot, dry heat, and cold drafts are problematic for many plants.
  • Especially if the plant is outside, it could be experiencing heat or light stress. Try moving it to a shadier location.
Prevention
Prevention
  • Read up on moisture, light, and soil type preferences for each plant to avoid underwatering, incorrect light levels, or other conditions that can cause wilting blooms.
  • Avoid re-potting during the flowering period. This causes additional stress on the plants because they need to repair root damage and adapt to the new micro-environment, all of which can result in wilting.
  • One other potential cause is ethylene gas, a plant hormone related to ripening. Some fruits and vegetables emit ethylene, especially bananas. Apples, grapes, melons, avocados, and potatoes can also give it off, so keep flowering plants away from fresh produce.
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toxic

Madagascar periwinkle and Their Toxicity

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* The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.
Highly Toxic to Humans
All parts of madagascar periwinkle have moderate to severe toxicity when they are ingested, including the leaves, flowers, seeds, stems, fruits, and roots. Poisoning by madagascar periwinkle can be fatal, and symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure, seizures, tremors, depression, and coma. Poisoning is most likely to occur in children from accidental ingestion, as this flower is commonly planted as an annual in gardens.
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Toxic to Dogs
The madagascar periwinkle is moderately to severely poisonous if ingested by dogs. The entire plant contains toxins which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. If ingested in large amounts the dog can go into seizures, so it's best to contact your vet if you suspect your dog has consumed any part of this plant.
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Toxic to Cats
The severely toxic madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) has an awful taste that usually discourages cats from taking more than a single bite. However, this plant carries extremely strong alkaloids that may cause pain or even induce a coma if the cat consumes a sufficiently large quantity. Veterinary care is very highly recommended if a cat is seen to ingest this plant.
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Who Is Most at Risk of Plant Poisoning?
Your pets like cats and dogs can be poisoned by them as well!
1
Do not let your lovely pets eat any parts, nor contact with the sap of toxic or unknown plants;
2
It’s better to kill those growing around your house. Wear long-sleeved shirts, pants and gloves with sharp tools to dig it out completely;
3
Clean the tools with rubbing alcohol or soap and water but do not do that with bare hands;
4
Clean your hands and skin once exposed to plants with soap and water;
5
Consider using barrier creams that contain bentoquatam to prevent poison oak, ivy and sumac rashes;
6
Dump it in special trash cans in sealed garbage packages, and do not let your pets reach it;Do not let your lovely pets eat any parts, nor contact with the sap of toxic or unknown plants;
7
If you take your pets to hike with you in the wild, please don’t let them eat any plants that you don’t know;
8
Once your pets eat, touch or inhale anything from toxic plants and act abnormally, please call the doctors for help ASAP!
pets
Pets
Some pets are less likely than children to eat and touch just about everything. This is good, as a pet owner. However, you know your pet best, and it is up to you to keep them safe. There are plenty of poisonous weeds that can grow within the confines of your lawn, which might make your dogs or cats ill or worse if they eat them. Try to have an idea of what toxic plants grow in your area and keep them under control and your pets away from them.
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Common Toxic Houseplants
Common Toxic Houseplants
When it comes to decorating a house, there is nothing more refreshing than adding some beautiful houseplants. Some common house plants can also be toxic.

Aloe

aloe
Aloe is famous for its sunburn-soothing properties and its gorgeous desert design. However, many people do not realize that the latex the aloe vera plant produces can be mildly toxic to pets and children.

The latex contains a chemical compound known as saponin. Which when ingested, can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and low blood sugar. This, if left unchecked, can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The proper response is to contact poison control or a veterinarian to know what to do in your particular circumstance if either your child or pet consumes aloe.

The latex of the plant is similar to the sap of the tree. It is inside the leaf, but sticks mainly toward the edges. If aloe gel is prepared properly it should be safe for use, but be sure to apply it only topically when treating burns.

Philodendron

Philodendron
Philodendron, also known as sweetheart vine, has become a resident at many houses and even businesses. They are glossy green and the leaves elegantly split, displaying interesting designs. Behind this beauty there is a needle-like toxin called calcium oxalate crystals.

These crystals are held within the plant and only affect you, your pets, or your loved ones if the plant tissue is broken. If ingested, the crystals can cause severe swelling, difficulty breathing, stomach pain, burning and pain. If they are accidentally caught on the skin, they can cause skin irritation.

If anyone accidentally ingests philodendron and they find it difficult to breathe or their tongue starts to swell up, it is important to seek medical attention immediately to avoid suffocation. If you have very young children or pets who have a tendency to tear at plants, keep them away from any philodendrons.

Peace Lily

Peace Lily
Peace lilies produce stunningly white flowers that bring to mind peace and serenity. This is one reason they are invited into our homes and given a place to stay. However, similar to philodendrons, the peace lily contains oxalate crystals known as raphides.

The raphides, once ingested, will cause swelling and burning sensations and can also cause skin irritation. Both pets and humans can get these symptoms so it is important to keep these plants from anyone who is likely to tear or chew it. Symptoms can become dire if the raphides cause the tongue and throat to swell to a point where the person or pet is having difficulty breathing. Seek proper medical attention if this is the case.

Snake Plant

Snake Plant
The snake plant is an interesting and popular house plant. Its stark architecture and wavy coloring has made it a fan favorite. This plant too, however, is toxic when ingested or if the sap touches your skin.

Snake plant sap will cause rashes if it comes into contact with your skin. In addition, it will cause diarrhea and vomiting when ingested. Again these symptoms are very serious and would be best avoided by keeping snake plants out of reach or by choosing a different houseplant.
Common Toxic Garden Plants
Common Toxic Garden Plants

Daffodil

Daffodil
Daffodils are a strikingly colorful flower. This can sometimes bring them much attention not from just onlooking adults but children as well. Since kids are more drawn to colorful objects, they may have a higher chance of just grabbing the flower and eating it. Adults have also been known to accidentally grab daffodil bulbs instead of onions.

Why are these mistakes so dangerous? Daffodils contain lycorine, which can induce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It also contains oxalates which can cause swelling and pain. The symptoms can be worse in animals, because if your pets eat daffodils they may experience drowsiness, low blood pressure or even liver damage.

Make sure to call poison control when these symptoms set in. The vomiting and diarrhea have been known to go away after 3 hours, but it is better to be safe than sorry. Ingesting liquids to keep hydration up can be important. If the patient is having difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.

Hydrangea

Hydrangea
Hydrangeas are unique, with their soft blue and pink flowers. They are a great addition to any garden, but should not be snacked on—not that you would want to. Hydrangeas can be especially nasty because they contain compounds known as glycosides. These will release hydrogen cyanide into the bloodstream when consumed. This will block your body’s ability to uptake oxygen to the cells in your body.

The way to combat this kind of poisoning is through getting IVs from the vet or doctor. It is important to contact your medical professional immediately since the symptoms can be fatal within minutes or hours.

Rhododendrons

Rhododendrons
Rhododendron, the state flower of Washington, is also toxic. The multitudinous, pink flowers can be quite dangerous. All parts of this plant are toxic, the leaves and seeds more so than the flowers. However, even the nectar of the flower is toxic and in the Mediterranean, where rhododendrons grow in more dense quantities, the honey from bees who gather rhododendron nectar can be poisonous.

Normally kids and pets do not eat enough to experience the full poisoning effect. However, just eating two leaves is enough to be considered dangerous. The grayanotoxin glycosides within the rhododendron can cause vomiting, diarrhea and irregular heartbeats. Things can get very serious when too much rhododendron is consumed and can lead to necessary medical intervention.

Start by calling poison control first if you suspect anyone has been munching on rhododendrons. The experts there will be able to help guide you through the necessary processes to cure your loved one.

Rhubarb

Rhubarb
Yummy rhubarb has a nasty side to it. While the stems are used in many recipes, including for rhubarb strawberry pie, the leaves are toxic. They contain oxalic acid which is known to blister the mouth, cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and kidney stones. The leaves are known to be more toxic to pets than humans, but in either case, it is important to contact poison control immediately to figure out necessary steps to cure the patient.
Common Toxic Weeds in the Yard
Common Toxic Weeds in the Yard

Bittersweet Nightshade

Bittersweet Nightshade
Nightshade is an invasive, noxious weed that is extremely poisonous. It has been found along the East and West Coast of the U.S. It makes its home in areas with disturbed soil. This could be near your garden or areas that have recently had bushes/trees put in.

These plants are dark green with purple flowers that develop into bright red berries. The whole plant is toxic and should be avoided by pets and children alike. If ingested it can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The colorful berries are especially enticing to young children. If you see any plants that look similar to tomato or pepper plants that you did not plant in your yard, it is best to just pull them immediately.

Call poison control immediately if you think someone has fallen victim to nightshade.

Buttercups

Buttercups
Buttercups are found throughout the United States, especially in wet areas. The shiny, yellow flowers will pop up in the springtime, accompanying their dandelion friends. However, unlike dandelions, buttercups are not edible.

Buttercups will release a compound called protoanemonin. This toxin is known to cause vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stool, hypersalivation, depression, blisters, and more. These symptoms will affect both humans and animals. The sap may also cause irritation when it comes into contact with skin. These yellow flowers are dangerous and children should be observed cautiously when around them.

Foxgloves

Foxgloves
Foxgloves are beautiful plants that build towers out of vivid purple bell-shaped blossoms. They are very pretty to look at, but they contain a compound known as digoxin. This chemical is used in certain medicines to help people with certain heart conditions. However, the medicine is made by specialists, whereas someone eating foxgloves will receive unregulated amounts of the chemical.

This toxin can make you vomit and lower your heartbeat. This often causes dizziness and faintness. It is extremely important to call poison control immediately to know what to do in the case of foxglove poisoning. Some people have confused the young leaves of foxglove with borage, making adult foragers at risk as well as kids and pets.
How to Tend to or Get Rid of Toxic Plants
How to Tend to or Get Rid of Toxic Plants
Now that you know where to start with toxic plant identification, let us discuss how to either tend to the poisonous plants you decide to keep or get rid of them that plague your yard.

How to Tend to Poisonous Plants

Many plants that are toxic when ingested are also skin irritants. The philodendron is a good example of this. When the sap comes into contact with skin, it can cause a rash to form. To help protect yourself when tending to toxic plants, it is important to wear some sort of gloves.
Tend
Latex gloves may be the best solution due to their disposability. Regular gloves could potentially keep the poisonous sap on their surface. If the gloves aren’t cleaned then you could accidentally touch the irritant or pass it to someone else.

In addition you will want to plan where to keep your deadly beauties. If you have a toxic indoor plant try to keep it up high or out of reach of children and pets. This will keep accidents few and far between. Another idea is keeping your plants in areas that are usually inaccessible to children or pets. Areas such as an office, study room, or guest bedroom could be good locations. If applicable, you could also set up a terrarium for your little plant baby, making it more difficult for curious hands or paws to access.
tend2
If you plan to have outdoor plants, location will be key. You will want to put plants in an area that will be inaccessible to children, pets and even wild animals. You will probably want to avoid planting the plants in the front of your house if kids walk by on a regular basis, just to be cautious. Having the plants behind a fence will be best, but use your discretion when choosing a spot.

How to Get Rid of Poisonous Plants

plants
The easiest but possibly most controversial way to get rid of poisonous plants is by using herbicides. This can be especially easy if you own a grass lawn and use an herbicide that targets broadleaf (non-grass) species. You can find many herbicides meant for yard use by simply searching the term online. Once you have purchased the herbicide you will want to make sure to follow the label posted on the container. If you follow the instructions precisely, then everything should run smoothly for you.

If you don’t plan on using herbicides, there are a few organic methods you can use to try to get rid of toxic plants. You can manually pull the plants out of the ground. This is probably one of the most difficult methods because there is no assurance that you will get the whole plant out this way.

You can also try pouring boiling hot water or spraying white vinegar on the target plants. This may take more time than using a synthetic herbicide, but you can feel a little better about using these products.

You can also try to use wood chips to cover a certain area where you do not want anything to grow. This will not stop all the weeds, but the few that make it through can be easily picked by hand.
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Who Is Most at Risk of Plant Poisoning?
Everyone should keep the following in mind to prevent being poisoned:
1
Do not eat any parts, nor contact with the sap of toxic or unknown plants;
2
If you need to kill it, wear long-sleeved shirts, pants and gloves with sharp tools to dig it out completely;
3
Clean the tools with rubbing alcohol or soap and water but do not do that with bare hands;
4
Clean your hands and skin once exposed to plants with soap and water;
5
Consider using barrier creams that contain bentoquatam to prevent poison oak, ivy and sumac rashes;
6
Dump it in special trash cans in sealed garbage packages;
7
Wear properly when you hiking or working in the wilderness. Long pants, long sleeves, gloves, hiking shoes, etc., that protect you from being hurt by any plants;
8
Once you or your family aren’t feeling well after eating, touching or inhaling anything from toxic plants, please call your doctor for help ASAP!
Outdoor Workers
Outdoor Workers and Recreationalists
Those who enjoy the outdoors either as a hobby or as part of their work will rarely see a plant and decide to munch on it (although the scenario is not unheard of). However, they do tend to deal with moving through and brushing aside plants. These people are more at risk of being poisoned by touching toxic plants than by ingesting them.
Outdoor Workers
Foragers
Foragers
Foraging for food and medicinal plants is a desirable skill among people who want to feel at one with the land. This hobby can be very useful and enjoyable, but if done wrong , it can lead to disastrous effects. People who forage are picking and grabbing plants with the full intention of using those plants, most of the time to ingest them.
Foragers
Children
Children
While outdoor workers are more likely to touch poison and foragers are more likely to ingest poison, children can easily do both. These bundles of joy just love to run around and explore the world. They enjoy touching things and occasionally shoving random stuff in their mouth; this is a terrible combination with toxic plants in the mix.
If you let your children run about, it is important to know what are the local toxic plants that they could accidentally get into. Try to educate the children and steer them away from where the toxic plants are located.
Children
Common Toxic Houseplants
Common Toxic Houseplants
When it comes to decorating a house, there is nothing more refreshing than adding some beautiful houseplants. Some common house plants can also be toxic.

Aloe

aloe
Aloe is famous for its sunburn-soothing properties and its gorgeous desert design. However, many people do not realize that the latex the aloe vera plant produces can be mildly toxic to pets and children.

The latex contains a chemical compound known as saponin. Which when ingested, can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and low blood sugar. This, if left unchecked, can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The proper response is to contact poison control or a veterinarian to know what to do in your particular circumstance if either your child or pet consumes aloe.

The latex of the plant is similar to the sap of the tree. It is inside the leaf, but sticks mainly toward the edges. If aloe gel is prepared properly it should be safe for use, but be sure to apply it only topically when treating burns.

Philodendron

Philodendron
Philodendron, also known as sweetheart vine, has become a resident at many houses and even businesses. They are glossy green and the leaves elegantly split, displaying interesting designs. Behind this beauty there is a needle-like toxin called calcium oxalate crystals.

These crystals are held within the plant and only affect you, your pets, or your loved ones if the plant tissue is broken. If ingested, the crystals can cause severe swelling, difficulty breathing, stomach pain, burning and pain. If they are accidentally caught on the skin, they can cause skin irritation.

If anyone accidentally ingests philodendron and they find it difficult to breathe or their tongue starts to swell up, it is important to seek medical attention immediately to avoid suffocation. If you have very young children or pets who have a tendency to tear at plants, keep them away from any philodendrons.

Peace Lily

Peace Lily
Peace lilies produce stunningly white flowers that bring to mind peace and serenity. This is one reason they are invited into our homes and given a place to stay. However, similar to philodendrons, the peace lily contains oxalate crystals known as raphides.

The raphides, once ingested, will cause swelling and burning sensations and can also cause skin irritation. Both pets and humans can get these symptoms so it is important to keep these plants from anyone who is likely to tear or chew it. Symptoms can become dire if the raphides cause the tongue and throat to swell to a point where the person or pet is having difficulty breathing. Seek proper medical attention if this is the case.

Snake Plant

Snake Plant
The snake plant is an interesting and popular house plant. Its stark architecture and wavy coloring has made it a fan favorite. This plant too, however, is toxic when ingested or if the sap touches your skin.

Snake plant sap will cause rashes if it comes into contact with your skin. In addition, it will cause diarrhea and vomiting when ingested. Again these symptoms are very serious and would be best avoided by keeping snake plants out of reach or by choosing a different houseplant.
Common Toxic Garden Plants
Common Toxic Garden Plants

Daffodil

Daffodil
Daffodils are a strikingly colorful flower. This can sometimes bring them much attention not from just onlooking adults but children as well. Since kids are more drawn to colorful objects, they may have a higher chance of just grabbing the flower and eating it. Adults have also been known to accidentally grab daffodil bulbs instead of onions.

Why are these mistakes so dangerous? Daffodils contain lycorine, which can induce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It also contains oxalates which can cause swelling and pain. The symptoms can be worse in animals, because if your pets eat daffodils they may experience drowsiness, low blood pressure or even liver damage.

Make sure to call poison control when these symptoms set in. The vomiting and diarrhea have been known to go away after 3 hours, but it is better to be safe than sorry. Ingesting liquids to keep hydration up can be important. If the patient is having difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.

Hydrangea

Hydrangea
Hydrangeas are unique, with their soft blue and pink flowers. They are a great addition to any garden, but should not be snacked on—not that you would want to. Hydrangeas can be especially nasty because they contain compounds known as glycosides. These will release hydrogen cyanide into the bloodstream when consumed. This will block your body’s ability to uptake oxygen to the cells in your body.

The way to combat this kind of poisoning is through getting IVs from the vet or doctor. It is important to contact your medical professional immediately since the symptoms can be fatal within minutes or hours.

Rhododendrons

Rhododendrons
Rhododendron, the state flower of Washington, is also toxic. The multitudinous, pink flowers can be quite dangerous. All parts of this plant are toxic, the leaves and seeds more so than the flowers. However, even the nectar of the flower is toxic and in the Mediterranean, where rhododendrons grow in more dense quantities, the honey from bees who gather rhododendron nectar can be poisonous.

Normally kids and pets do not eat enough to experience the full poisoning effect. However, just eating two leaves is enough to be considered dangerous. The grayanotoxin glycosides within the rhododendron can cause vomiting, diarrhea and irregular heartbeats. Things can get very serious when too much rhododendron is consumed and can lead to necessary medical intervention.

Start by calling poison control first if you suspect anyone has been munching on rhododendrons. The experts there will be able to help guide you through the necessary processes to cure your loved one.

Rhubarb

Rhubarb
Yummy rhubarb has a nasty side to it. While the stems are used in many recipes, including for rhubarb strawberry pie, the leaves are toxic. They contain oxalic acid which is known to blister the mouth, cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and kidney stones. The leaves are known to be more toxic to pets than humans, but in either case, it is important to contact poison control immediately to figure out necessary steps to cure the patient.
Common Toxic Weeds in the Yard
Common Toxic Weeds in the Yard

Bittersweet Nightshade

Bittersweet Nightshade
Nightshade is an invasive, noxious weed that is extremely poisonous. It has been found along the East and West Coast of the U.S. It makes its home in areas with disturbed soil. This could be near your garden or areas that have recently had bushes/trees put in.

These plants are dark green with purple flowers that develop into bright red berries. The whole plant is toxic and should be avoided by pets and children alike. If ingested it can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The colorful berries are especially enticing to young children. If you see any plants that look similar to tomato or pepper plants that you did not plant in your yard, it is best to just pull them immediately.

Call poison control immediately if you think someone has fallen victim to nightshade.

Buttercups

Buttercups
Buttercups are found throughout the United States, especially in wet areas. The shiny, yellow flowers will pop up in the springtime, accompanying their dandelion friends. However, unlike dandelions, buttercups are not edible.

Buttercups will release a compound called protoanemonin. This toxin is known to cause vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stool, hypersalivation, depression, blisters, and more. These symptoms will affect both humans and animals. The sap may also cause irritation when it comes into contact with skin. These yellow flowers are dangerous and children should be observed cautiously when around them.

Foxgloves

Foxgloves
Foxgloves are beautiful plants that build towers out of vivid purple bell-shaped blossoms. They are very pretty to look at, but they contain a compound known as digoxin. This chemical is used in certain medicines to help people with certain heart conditions. However, the medicine is made by specialists, whereas someone eating foxgloves will receive unregulated amounts of the chemical.

This toxin can make you vomit and lower your heartbeat. This often causes dizziness and faintness. It is extremely important to call poison control immediately to know what to do in the case of foxglove poisoning. Some people have confused the young leaves of foxglove with borage, making adult foragers at risk as well as kids and pets.
How to Tend to or Get Rid of Toxic Plants
How to Tend to or Get Rid of Toxic Plants
Now that you know where to start with toxic plant identification, let us discuss how to either tend to the poisonous plants you decide to keep or get rid of them that plague your yard.

How to Tend to Poisonous Plants

Many plants that are toxic when ingested are also skin irritants. The philodendron is a good example of this. When the sap comes into contact with skin, it can cause a rash to form. To help protect yourself when tending to toxic plants, it is important to wear some sort of gloves.
Tend
Latex gloves may be the best solution due to their disposability. Regular gloves could potentially keep the poisonous sap on their surface. If the gloves aren’t cleaned then you could accidentally touch the irritant or pass it to someone else.

In addition you will want to plan where to keep your deadly beauties. If you have a toxic indoor plant try to keep it up high or out of reach of children and pets. This will keep accidents few and far between. Another idea is keeping your plants in areas that are usually inaccessible to children or pets. Areas such as an office, study room, or guest bedroom could be good locations. If applicable, you could also set up a terrarium for your little plant baby, making it more difficult for curious hands or paws to access.
tend2
If you plan to have outdoor plants, location will be key. You will want to put plants in an area that will be inaccessible to children, pets and even wild animals. You will probably want to avoid planting the plants in the front of your house if kids walk by on a regular basis, just to be cautious. Having the plants behind a fence will be best, but use your discretion when choosing a spot.

How to Get Rid of Poisonous Plants

plants
The easiest but possibly most controversial way to get rid of poisonous plants is by using herbicides. This can be especially easy if you own a grass lawn and use an herbicide that targets broadleaf (non-grass) species. You can find many herbicides meant for yard use by simply searching the term online. Once you have purchased the herbicide you will want to make sure to follow the label posted on the container. If you follow the instructions precisely, then everything should run smoothly for you.

If you don’t plan on using herbicides, there are a few organic methods you can use to try to get rid of toxic plants. You can manually pull the plants out of the ground. This is probably one of the most difficult methods because there is no assurance that you will get the whole plant out this way.

You can also try pouring boiling hot water or spraying white vinegar on the target plants. This may take more time than using a synthetic herbicide, but you can feel a little better about using these products.

You can also try to use wood chips to cover a certain area where you do not want anything to grow. This will not stop all the weeds, but the few that make it through can be easily picked by hand.
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weed

Weed Control About Madagascar periwinkle

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weed
Toxic weed
Although cultivated around the world, the madagascar periwinkle can be toxic for both humans and animals, and some do consider the madagascar periwinkle to be an invasive weed.
How to Control it
If you live in a subtropical and tropical area, then you will find that madagascar periwinkle spreads quite rapidly in the garden. While it may be a trailing plant or useful groundcover, you can control its spread by cutting back vines or digging up unwanted parts of the plant. You could also try growing the plant in window boxes or other containers, which should be kept away from your pet’s reach. Of course, you would still need to deal with it self-seeding, but deadheading flowers can help to prevent that. If you want to remove the plant from your garden completely, manual digging is an effective way. However, you could also try an oil-based herbicide for larger areas. Although it will take quite a few seasons of use for this to work, spraying it consistently in the winter can help to slowly kill the plant off.
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Distribution of Madagascar periwinkle

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Habitat of Madagascar periwinkle

Waste areas, trash piles, disturbed sites
Northern Hemisphere
South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Madagascar periwinkle

Originally native to the sandy coastal regions of Madagascar, madagascar periwinkle is now widely naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions around the globe. Its adaptation to dry, arid areas means that this garden ornamental has become invasive in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania.
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Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
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Plants Related to Madagascar periwinkle

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Madagascar Periwinkle Watering Instructions
Madagascar periwinkle primarily thrives in the tropical and subtropical regions of Madagascar, where weather conditions fluctuate between rainy and dry seasons. Being accustomed to this cycling environment, the plant has adapted to endure periods of drought, indicating less frequent watering needs. Its natural tolerance to dry spells suggests a preference for thoroughly dried out soils before re-watering, replicating its native climate's intermittent rainfalls. Watering needs can also be linked to its accustomed high humidity, which helps it retain moisture.
When Should I Water My Madagascar Periwinkle?
Introduction
Timely and adequate watering is critical to the health and growth of madagascar periwinkle. Proper irrigation promotes strong root development, flowering, and overall vigor. Recognizing the specific signs when madagascar periwinkle needs water plays an essential role in maintaining the plant's vitality and aesthetics.
Soil Dryness
When the top one to two inches of soil feel dry to the touch, it's time to water madagascar periwinkle. Avoid watering if the soil is still wet as overwatering can lead to root rot.
Leaves Appearance
Madagascar periwinkle's leaves provide a clear sign of dehydration. If they look wilted or begin to lose their vibrant color, it may be a sign of under-watering. Once the plant is adequately watered, the leaves typically perk up and regain their healthy color.
Lack of Flowering
If madagascar periwinkle has stopped producing flowers, or the flowers are smaller than usual even during its flowering season, it could be an indication that the plant needs extra water.
Slow Growth Rate
While madagascar periwinkle is a fast-growing plant, a noticeably slow rate of growth might mean that the plant needs more water.
Pest Attraction
Under-watering madagascar periwinkle can weaken its natural defenses and make it more prone to pest infestations. If you notice an increase in pests, consider if the plant is receiving adequate water.
Consequences of Incorrect Watering
Consistently watering madagascar periwinkle too early (when the soil is still wet) or too late (after the plant shows extreme signs of dehydration) can lead to stunted growth, low flower yield, or even death of the plant. Both under-watering and overwatering can stress madagascar periwinkle and make it more susceptible to diseases and pests.
Conclusion
Understanding your madagascar periwinkle's water requirements is key to maintain the plant healthy and optimize its growth. Check the soil's moisture level, observe its leaves, growth rate and flowering to ensure timely watering, and remember every plant's needs can change based on surrounding environmental conditions.
How Should I Water My Madagascar Periwinkle?
Watering Requirements
Madagascar periwinkle, has specific watering needs and sensitivities that should be considered for optimal hydration.
Watering Technique
Bottom-watering is an effective method to ensure the roots of madagascar periwinkle get adequate moisture without over-saturating the surface. This technique involves placing the plant pot in a tray or saucer filled with water and allowing the roots to absorb water from the bottom up. It prevents excess moisture on the foliage and minimizes the risk of fungal diseases.
Watering Can Type
When using a watering can, it is recommended to choose one with a narrow spout to direct the water flow directly to the base of the plant. This helps to avoid wetting the foliage excessively and promotes targeted hydration at the root level.
How Much Water Does Madagascar Periwinkle Really Need?
Introduction
Naturally growing in Madagascar's hot and dry climate, madagascar periwinkle is adapted to periods of drought. This means that the plant has a lower tolerance for overwatering than underwatering.
Plant Size and Pot Size
The size of the madagascar periwinkle and the pot it is in significantly affect the plant's watering needs. Generally, bigger plants and pots demand more water than their smaller counterparts. Therefore, adjust the volume of water according to the plant's growth and pot size to ensure optimal hydration.
Root Depth
Madagascar periwinkle's shallow root system limits its ability to access water from deeper soil layers. Hence, when watering, ensure a thorough soaking of the soil but prevent waterlogging because the plant cannot tolerate water standing on the topsoil.
Signs and Symptoms of Optimal Watering
An optimally watered madagascar periwinkle exhibits vibrant coloration and has a steady rate of new growth during the growing season. Dehydration or excess water can cause leaves to yellow, whereas root rot - a common outcome of overwatering - may cause the plant to appear wilted.
Underwatering and Overwatering Risks
Though madagascar periwinkle can withstand short periods of drought, prolonged underwatering may stunt the plant's growth and could eventually lead to its death. However, excessive watering poses a greater risk, as it could result in the onset of root rot. Reducing the frequency of watering and ensuring good drainage can prevent waterlogging conditions.
How Often Should I Water Madagascar Periwinkle?
Twice per week
Watering Frequency
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Just like people, each plant has its own preferences and needs. Devote time to understanding your plants so you can nurture them properly. Observe your plants attentively, learning from their growth patterns, and becoming more in tune with their needs as you grow together. Keep a watchful eye on new plants and seedlings, as they are sensitive to both overwatering and underwatering. Shower them with gentle love and attention, fostering their growth and strength. Let the rhythm of your local climate guide your watering habits, adapting your schedule to the changing weather and the needs of your plants.
What Kind of Water is Best for Madagascar Periwinkle?
Ideal Water Type: Distilled or Rainwater
Madagascar periwinkle thrives best when watered with distilled water or rainwater. These types of water are free of chemicals and additives that may potentially harm the plant. They are also perfect for maintaining neutral soil pH levels, allowing for optimal nutrient absorption.
Tap Water Use
If distilled water or rainwater are not readily available, tap water can be used for watering madagascar periwinkle. However, it is advisable to let it sit for about 24 hours before use in order to allow chlorine to evaporate.
Water Condition
Madagascar periwinkle's growth could be hindered by water with high concentrations of fluoride or heavy metal content. If using tap water, you may consider testing its contents, particularly in areas where water is known to be heavily treated.
Water Treatment
Letting tap water sit out to dechlorinate will definitely benefit madagascar periwinkle as it has a sensitivity to chlorine. As an additional precaution, you could run tap water through a basic household filter to further remove potential contaminants.
Water Temperature
Madagascar periwinkle does not have specific temperature requirements, but as with most plants, lukewarm water is preferable to not shock the roots with extreme temperature changes. It is best to avoid using very cold water.
Hardness Sensitivity
Madagascar periwinkle prefers soft water, as hard water, which contains high levels of calcium and magnesium, can lead to stunted growth.
How Do Madagascar Periwinkle's Watering Needs Change with the Seasons?
How to Water madagascar periwinkle in Spring?
In spring, madagascar periwinkle begins to awaken from its winter dormancy, requiring increased watering to support this period of new growth. Ensure the soil is damp, not soggy as overwatering can lead to root rot. Use a watering can to gently water madagascar periwinkle, simulating a light spring rain.
How to Water madagascar periwinkle in Summer?
Due to increased sunlight and madagascar periwinkle's active growth phase, ensure the soil remains consistently moist. However, avoid overwatering as madagascar periwinkle is tolerable to drought and can easily succumb to root diseases if the soil is too wet. Always check the soil before watering, ideally, the top inch of soil should dry out between watering.
How to Water madagascar periwinkle in Autumn?
Madagascar periwinkle prepares for dormancy during the Autumn, its watering requirements gradually decrease. Allow the top layer of soil to dry out before watering. Ensure to adjust watering practices as temperatures drop and evaporation reduces to prevent waterlogging.
How to Water madagascar periwinkle in Winter?
Madagascar periwinkle enters a period of dormancy in the winter, and its water requirements substantially decrease. Water sparingly, only when you find the soil has become dry to touch. However, be mindful of indoor heating systems that may dry out the plant; in such cases, provide water just enough to keep the soil slightly moist.
What Expert Tips Can Enhance Madagascar Periwinkle Watering Routine?
Moisture Meter
Using a moisture meter can help assess madagascar periwinkle's deeper soil moisture needs and prevent over or under-watering. This plant prefers its soil to be mostly dry before the next watering, and a meter can effectively measure this.
Watering Time
Watering madagascar periwinkle early in the morning allows the water to penetrate the soil thoroughly before the high evaporation rates of mid-day. It also helps prevent fungal diseases by minimizing the plant's exposure to dampness.
Common Misconception
One common misconception about watering madagascar periwinkle is that it requires frequent watering due to its native habitat in Madagascar. However, madagascar periwinkle is actually fairly drought-tolerant and can suffer from over-watering. It's important to let the top few inches of soil dry out before watering again.
Assessing Soil Moisture
To assess madagascar periwinkle's soil moisture beyond the surface level, gently dig a few inches into the soil near the plant's roots. If the soil feels moist, hold off on watering. If it's dry, it's time to water. Pay attention to the plant's specific needs, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot.
Signs of Thirst
When madagascar periwinkle needs watering, its leaves may start to droop or become slightly discolored. However, it's important not to wait until the plant reaches this point, as extended periods of wilting can stress the plant. Regularly check the soil moisture to ensure the plant stays hydrated.
Watering Adjustments in Special Conditions
During a heatwave, madagascar periwinkle may require more frequent watering to compensate for increased evaporation. However, be cautious not to over-water, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot. During extended periods of rain, reduce watering as the soil may become saturated. When madagascar periwinkle is stressed, such as after transplanting or during extreme temperatures, monitor soil moisture closely and adjust watering as necessary.
Use a Drip Irrigation System
Consider using a drip irrigation system to water madagascar periwinkle. Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the base of the plant, ensuring deep root penetration without wetting the leaves. This can help prevent fungal diseases and conserve water.
Considering Hydroponics? How to Manage a Water-Grown Madagascar Periwinkle?
Overview of Hydroponics
Madagascar periwinkle can be successfully grown using hydroponics, which is a method of cultivating plants in a water-based environment without the use of soil. Hydroponics offers several advantages, including better control over nutrient availability, improved water and nutrient efficiency, and the ability to grow plants in limited space.
Best Suited Hydroponic System
The nutrient film technique (NFT) is the most suitable hydroponic system for growing madagascar periwinkle. NFT involves a thin film of nutrient-rich water flowing over the plant roots, providing them with a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients. This system allows madagascar periwinkle's roots to access the necessary nutrients while maintaining adequate oxygen levels. Additionally, the compact size and shallow root system of madagascar periwinkle make it well-suited for NFT.
Nutrient Solution Requirements
Madagascar periwinkle prefers a well-balanced nutrient solution with a pH range of 5.8-6.2 for optimal growth. The nutrient concentration should be maintained at around 800-1000 parts per million (ppm) for vegetative growth and increased to 1000-1200 ppm during flowering. It is essential to monitor the nutrient solution regularly and adjust the pH and nutrient levels accordingly. The solution should be changed every 1-2 weeks to prevent nutrient imbalances or build-up of toxic substances.
Challenges and Common Issues
When growing madagascar periwinkle hydroponically, root rot can be a significant concern. To prevent root rot, ensure proper oxygenation of the nutrient solution by using air stones or providing sufficient aeration. Additionally, always maintain a suitable pH level and avoid over-fertilization, as nutrient imbalances can lead to leaf discoloration or stunted growth. Adequate lighting is also crucial for madagascar periwinkle's growth, so ensure it receives around 14-16 hours of light per day.
Monitoring Plant Health
Monitor madagascar periwinkle's health by regularly inspecting the leaves for any signs of stress or nutrient deficiencies. Yellowing or browning of the leaves, stunted growth, or wilting may indicate nutrient imbalances or inadequate lighting. Additionally, keep an eye out for any unusual pest infestations, as madagascar periwinkle can be susceptible to aphids and spider mites in a hydroponic setup.
Adjusting Hydroponic Environment
During the vegetative stage, madagascar periwinkle requires a higher nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) ratio of around 3:1:2. As it transitions to flowering, adjust the nutrient solution to increase the P and K levels to promote flower development. Additionally, ensure the growing environment provides adequate air circulation, temperature control, and humidity regulation to prevent any stress on the plants.
Lighting Requirements
Madagascar periwinkle requires around 14-16 hours of light per day for optimal growth. LED grow lights with a balanced spectrum of blue and red wavelengths are suitable for providing the necessary light energy. Position the lights approximately 12-18 inches above the plants and adjust the height as the plants grow to maintain the appropriate light intensity.
Harvesting
When madagascar periwinkle starts flowering, the flowers can be harvested for medicinal purposes or as cut flowers. Harvest the flowers when they are fully developed but before they start to deteriorate. Snip the flower stems close to the main stem and immediately place them in water to maintain freshness.
Propagation
To propagate madagascar periwinkle, take stem cuttings of around 4-6 inches in length. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in a rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in a rooting medium such as rockwool cubes or perlite, ensuring that the nodes where the leaves were removed are buried in the medium. Maintaining high humidity and providing bottom heat (around 70-80°F) will encourage root development.
Pest and Disease Management
Common pests that may affect madagascar periwinkle in a hydroponic setup include aphids and spider mites. Monitor the plants regularly and take appropriate measures such as using insecticidal soap or neem oil to control infestations. Powdery mildew can also be a concern, especially in high humidity environments. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure adequate air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
Pruning and Training
Regular pruning encourages bushier growth and helps maintain the desired shape of madagascar periwinkle. Pinch off the tips of the stems to promote branching and remove any dead or diseased leaves. Additionally, consider training techniques like low stress training (LST) or trellising to support the plants and optimize light penetration.
Pollination and Seed Saving
Madagascar periwinkle is a self-pollinating plant, and the flowers typically produce seed pods containing numerous tiny seeds. To save seeds, allow the flowers to fully mature and dry on the plant. Once dry, collect the seed pods and remove the seeds. Store the seeds in a cool, dry place for future use.
Harvested Flower Use
The flowers of madagascar periwinkle have medicinal properties and are often used in traditional medicine. They contain alkaloids that have been used to treat various conditions, including diabetes, malaria, and cancer. Extraction of these alkaloids can be done using solvents or through specialized extraction techniques.
Conclusion
Growing madagascar periwinkle hydroponically offers numerous advantages, such as faster growth, increased yield, and precise control over nutrient availability. By following the specific guidelines for this plant's nutrient requirements, lighting, and environmental conditions, you can successfully cultivate healthy madagascar periwinkle plants in a hydroponic system.
Important Symptoms
Overwatering Symptoms of Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle is more susceptible to developing disease symptoms when overwatered because it prefers a soil environment with moderate humidity. Symptoms of overwatering include yellowing leaves, brown or black spots, root rot...
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Brown or black spots
Excessive watering can damage the plant's root system, making it vulnerable to fungal infections. The plant may develop dark brown to black spots that spread upwards from the lower leaves which are usually the first to be affected.
Root rot
Excess water in the soil can lead to the growth of harmful fungi and bacteria, causing the roots to rot and eventually kill the plant.
Soft or mushy stems
Excess water can cause stems to become soft and mushy, as the cells become waterlogged and lose their structural integrity.
Increased susceptibility diseases
Overwatering plants may become more susceptible and diseases as their overall health declines, weakening their natural defenses.
Solutions
1. Adjust watering frequency based on seasons and soil dryness. Wait for soil to dry before watering.2. Increase soil aeration by loosening surface and gently stirring with a wooden stick or chopstick.3. Optimize environment with good ventilation and warmth to enhance water evaporation and prevent overwatering.
Underwatering Symptoms of Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle is more susceptible to plant health issues when lacking watering, as it can only tolerate short periods of drought. Symptoms of dehydration include wilting, leaf curling, yellowing leaves...
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Wilting
Due to the dry soil and insufficient water absorption by the roots, the leaves of the plant will appear limp, droopy, and lose vitality.
Leaf curling
Leaves may curl inward or downward as they attempt to conserve water and minimize water loss through transpiration.
Increased susceptibility to pests and diseases
Underwatered plants may become more susceptible to pests and diseases as their overall health declines, weakening their natural defenses.
Dying plant
If underwatering continues for an extended period, the plant may ultimately die as a result of severe water stress and an inability to carry out essential functions.
Solutions
1. Thoroughly saturate soil with slow ring watering to ensure uniform and sufficient moisture for plants. 2. Increase air humidity with water trays or misting to slow leaf water evaporation. 3. Watering according to the recommended frequency.Adjust watering frequency based on seasons and soil dryness.
Watering Troubleshooting for Madagascar Periwinkle
Why are the leaves of my madagascar periwinkle turning yellow?
Yellow leaves on a madagascar periwinkle commonly indicate overwatering. The plant prefers well-drained soil and does not tolerate waterlogged conditions. To rectify this issue, decrease the frequency of watering, and ensure the plant's container has sufficient drainage to prevent water build-up. Also, consider switching to a well-draining soil mix.
The leaves of my madagascar periwinkle are wilting despite regular watering, what could be the problem?
Wilting despite regular watering could signal under-watering. Madagascar periwinkle generally prefers consistently moist soil. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely between watering sessions. However, ensure that your plant is not sitting in standing water, as prolonged water contact can also cause wilting.
Why are the leaves of my madagascar periwinkle turning brown at the edges?
Browning leaf edges in madagascar periwinkle often signifies that the plant experiences too much sun and insufficient water. While madagascar periwinkle favor bright light, they also require adequate moisture. Increase the watering just a bit while making sure not to make the soil soggy, and shift the plant to a slightly shaded area during peak sun hours.
My madagascar periwinkle plant is failing to flower despite watering, what could be the issue?
The absence of flowers in madagascar periwinkle might be due to the plant receiving too much nitrogen, which encourages leaf growth over flowers. If you are using a nitrogen-heavy fertilizer, consider switching to a balanced one. Also, note that overwatering can disrupt nutrient absorption, so ensure you're not overwatering the plant.
The growth of my madagascar periwinkle plant seems stunted, could it be due to watering?
Stunted growth in madagascar periwinkle might occur with both overwatering and underwatering, as both disrupt nutrient uptake. Ensure you maintain a consistent watering schedule that keeps the soil slightly moist but not waterlogged. The plant should also be in well-draining soil to prevent standing water. If your watering habits seem fine, the problem may lie elsewhere, such as insufficient light or pests.
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Lighting
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Requirements
Full sun
Ideal
Above 6 hours sunlight
Partial sun
Tolerance
About 3-6 hours sunlight
Watch how sunlight gracefully moves through your garden, and choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade for your plants, ensuring their happiness.
Essentials
The madagascar periwinkle thrives best under ample sunlight. Such exposure fosters a robust growth, triggering a boost in flowering. If afforded less solar exposure, it is still capable of surviving yet poorly floriferous. Bearing its origins in sun-drenched habitats, its intolerance to low-light conditions may lead to weak growth and increased susceptibility to diseases, so a hefty amount of sunlight is preferred.
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Artificial lighting
Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
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Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.
Important Symptoms
Symptoms of Insufficient Light in %s
Madagascar periwinkle thrives in full sunlight but is often cultivated indoors during winter due to sensitivity to cold. This increases the chance of being placed in rooms with inadequate lighting, leading to noticeable symptoms of light deficiency.
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Impact on flowering and fruiting
Your plant may not show obvious abnormalities due to insufficient sunlight, but it can have adverse effects on future flowering and fruiting.
Leggy or sparse growth
The spaces between leaves or stems of your madagascar periwinkle may become longer, resulting in a thin and stretched-out appearance. This can make the plant look sparse and weak, and it may easily break or lean due to its own weight.
Lighter-colored new leaves
Insufficient sunlight can cause leaves to develop irregular color patterns or appear pale. This indicates a lack of chlorophyll and essential nutrients.
Small leaves
New leaves may grow smaller in size compared to the previous ones once they have matured.
Solutions
1. To ensure optimal growth, gradually move plants to a sunnier location each week, until they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Use a south-facing window and keep curtains open during the day for maximum sunlight exposure and nutrient accumulation.2. To provide additional light for your plant, consider using artificial light if it's large or not easily movable. Keep a desk or ceiling lamp on for at least 8 hours daily, or invest in professional plant grow lights for ample light.
Symptoms of Excessive light in %s
Madagascar periwinkle thrives in full sun exposure and can tolerate intense sunlight. With their remarkable resilience, symptoms of sunburn may not be easily visible, as they rarely suffer from it.
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Chlorosis
Chlorosis is a condition where the plant's leaves lose their green color and turn yellow. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll from excessive sunlight, which negatively affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize.
Sunscald
Sunscald occurs when the plant's leaves or stems are damaged by intense sunlight exposure. It appears as pale, bleached, or necrotic areas on the plant tissue and can reduce the plant's overall health.
Leaf Curling
Leaf curling is a symptom where leaves curl or twist under extreme sunlight conditions. This is a defense mechanism used by the plant to reduce its surface area exposed to sunlight, minimizing water loss and damage.
Wilting
Wilting occurs when a plant loses turgor pressure and its leaves and stems begin to droop. Overexposure to sunlight can cause wilting by increasing the plant's water loss through transpiration, making it difficult for the plant to maintain adequate hydration.
Leaf Scorching
Leaf scorching is a symptom characterized by the appearance of brown, dry, and crispy edges or patches on leaves due to excessive sunlight. This can lead to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant health.
Solutions
1. Move your plant to the optimal position where it can receive abundant sunlight but also have some shade. An east-facing window is an ideal choice as the morning sunlight is gentler. This way, your plant can enjoy ample sunlight while reducing the risk of sunburn.2. It is recommended to trim off any completely dehydrated or withered parts of the plant.
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Temperature
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Requirements
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Tolerable
Unsuitable
Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care.
Essentials
The madagascar periwinkle thrives in its native growth environment with temperatures ranging from 20 to 38 ℃ (68 to 100.4 ℉). This plant prefers warm temperatures and can become stressed in temperatures below 18 ℃ (64.4 ℉). During winter, it is suggested to keep the temperature around 20 ℃ (68 ℉) to prevent the plant from being damaged by cold drafts.
Regional wintering strategies
Madagascar periwinkle is extremely heat-loving, and any cold temperatures can cause harm to it. In the autumn, it is recommended to bring outdoor-grown Madagascar periwinkle indoors and place it near a bright window, but it should be kept at a certain distance from heaters. Maintaining temperatures above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min} during winter is beneficial for plant growth. Any temperatures approaching {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min} are detrimental to the plant.
Important Symptoms
Symptoms of Low Temperature in Madagascar periwinkle
Madagascar periwinkle prefers warm temperatures and is not tolerant of low temperatures. It thrives best when the temperature is above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min}. During winter, it should be kept above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. When the temperature falls below {Limit_growth_temperature}, the leaves may lighten in color. After frost damage, the color gradually turns brown or black, and symptoms such as wilting and drooping may occur.
Solutions
Trim off the frost-damaged parts. Immediately move indoors to a warm environment for cold protection. Choose a spot near a south-facing window to place the plant, ensuring ample sunlight. Additionally, avoid placing the plant near heaters or air conditioning vents to prevent excessive dryness in the air.
Symptoms of High Temperature in Madagascar periwinkle
During summer, Madagascar periwinkle should be kept below {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. When the temperature exceeds {Tolerable_growing_temperature_max}, the color of the leaves becomes lighter, and the plant becomes more susceptible to sunburn.
Solutions
Trim away the sunburned and dried-up parts. Move the plant to a location that provides shade from the midday and afternoon sun. Water the plant in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist.
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Toxic
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The Toxicity of Madagascar periwinkle
Highly Toxic to Humans
Human
Toxic to Pets
Pets
All Parts
Toxic parts
Eaten
Effect methods
Is Madagascar Periwinkle toxic to dog?
The madagascar periwinkle is moderately to severely poisonous if ingested by dogs. The entire plant contains toxins which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and depression. If ingested in large amounts the dog can go into seizures, so it's best to contact your vet if you suspect your dog has consumed any part of this plant.
Is Madagascar Periwinkle toxic to cat?
The severely toxic madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) has an awful taste that usually discourages cats from taking more than a single bite. However, this plant carries extremely strong alkaloids that may cause pain or even induce a coma if the cat consumes a sufficiently large quantity. Veterinary care is very highly recommended if a cat is seen to ingest this plant.
How to identify Madagascar Periwinkle
* The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.
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