Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Flower, Leaf, Care, Uses

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Plant Encyclopedia > Watermelon

Care Guide for Watermelon

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Watering Care

Watermelon needs regular watering in order to thrive. It benefits from a thorough drenching with water each week. When the top of the soil is dry, it is time to water this species again. The water should reach a depth of at least 6 inches when watering.

Details on Watering Care

Fertilizing Care

Watermelon should be fertilized to achieve optimal growth and fruit production. It should be fertilized using an all-purpose, well-balanced fertilizer. A 16-16-8 or 10-10-10 nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous formulated fertilizer is ideal for watermelon. The soil should be mixed with this fertilizer before planting.

Details on Fertilizing Care

Soil Care

Loam, Sand, Neutral

Details on Soil Care

Ideal Lighting

Full sun, Partial sun

Details on Sunlight Requirements

Ideal Temperature

5 to 11

Details on Temperature

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Watermelon

Water

Twice per week

Sunlight

Full sun

Hardiness Zones

5 to 11

Planting Time

Mid spring

Questions About Watermelon

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Watermelon?

When watering the Watermelon, you should aim to use filtered water that is at room temperature. Filtered water is better for this plant, as tap water can contain particles that are harmful to its health. The reason that the water should be at room temperature or slightly warmer is that the Watermelon comes from a warm environment, and cold water can be somewhat of a shock to its system. Also, you should avoid overhead watering for this plant, as it can cause foliage complications. Instead, simply apply your filtered room temperature water to the soil until the soil is entirely soaked. Soaking the soil can be very beneficial for this plant as it moistens the roots and helps them continue to spread through the soil and collect the nutrients they need.

What should I do if I water my Watermelon too much or too little?

Both overwatering and underwatering will be detrimental to the health of your Watermelon, but overwatering is a far more common issue. When this species receives too much water, its stems and leaves may begin to wilt and turn from green to yellow. Overwatering over a prolonged period may also lead to diseases such as root rot, mold, and mildew, all of which can kill your plant. Underwatering is far less common for the Watermelon, as this plant has decent drought tolerance. However, underwatering remains a possibility, and when it occurs, you can expect to find that the leaves of your Watermelon have become brittle and brown. It is crucial that you notice the signs of overwatering as soon as possible when caring for your Watermelon. Some of the diseases that arise from overwatering, such as root rot, may not be correctable if you wait too long. If you see early signs of overwatering, you should reduce your watering schedule immediately. You may also want to assess the quality of soil in which your Watermelon grows. If you find that the soil drains very poorly, you should replace it immediately with a loose, well-draining potting mix. On the other hand, if you find signs that your Watermelon is receiving too little water, all you need to do is water more regularly until those signs have subsided.

How often should I water my Watermelon?

If your plant is in a pot. The most precise way to decide whether your Watermelon needs water is to plunge your finger into the soil. If you notice that the first two to three inches of soil have become dry, it is time to add some water. If you grow your Watermelon outdoors in the ground, you can use a similar method to test the soil. Again, when you find that the first few inches of soil have dried out, it is time to add water. During the spring and early fall, this method will often lead you to water this plant about once every week. When extremely hot weather arrives, you may need to increase your watering frequency to about twice or more per week. With that said, mature, well-established the Watermelon can show an admirable ability to withstand drought.

How much water does my Watermelon need?

When it comes time to water your Watermelon, you should not be shy about how much water you give. With the first two to three inches of soil dry, this plant will appreciate a long and thorough watering. Supply enough water to soak the soil entirely. The amount of water you add should be enough to cause excess water to flow through the drainage holes at the bottom of your pot. If you don’t see excess water draining from the pot, you have likely underwatered your plant. But do not let the water accumulate inside the soil, which will be very dangerous to the plant as well. Alternatively, a lack of water draining through the pot could indicate poorly draining soils, which is detrimental to the health of this plant and should be avoided. If the plant is outside, 1 inch of rain per week will be sufficient.

How should I water my Watermelon at different growth stages?

The water needs of the Watermelon can change depending on growth stages as well. For example, when your Watermelon is in the first few years of its life, or if you have just transplanted it to a new growing location, you will need to give more water than usual. During both of those stages, your Watermelon will put a lot of energy towards sprouting new roots that will then support future growth. For those roots to perform their best, they need a bit more moisture than they would at a more mature phase. After a few seasons, your Watermelon will need much less water. Another growth stage in which this plant may need more water is during the bloom period. Flower development can make use of a significant amount of moisture, which is why you might need to give your Watermelon more water at this time.

How should I water my Watermelon through the seasons?

The Watermelon will have its highest water needs during the hottest months of the year. During the height of summer, you may need to give this plant water more than once per week, depending on how fast the soil dries out. The opposite is true during the winter. In winter, your plant will enter a dormant phase, in which it will need far less water than usual. In fact, you may not need to water this plant at all during the winter months. However, if you do water during winter, you should not do so more than about once per month. Watering too much at this time will make it more likely that your Watermelon will contract a disease.

What's the difference between watering my Watermelon indoors and outdoors?

It is most common to grow the Watermelon indoors for any gardener that does not live in temperate and tropical regions. Those gardeners should consider the fact that soil in a container can dry out a bit faster than ground soil. Also, the presence of drying elements such as air conditioning units can cause your Watermelon to need water on a more frequent basis as well. if you planted it outside. When that is the case, it’s likely you won’t need to water your Watermelon very much at all. If you receive rainfall on a regular basis, that may be enough to keep your plant alive. Alternatively, those who grow this plant inside will need to water it more often, as allowing rainwater to soak the soil will not be an option.

Is pruning necessary for my Watermelon?

There are several common reasons people like to prune their Watermelon, and in many cases it’s a good idea. First off, pruning restricts the amount of space your plant takes up. This plant can sprawl and take over if left to grow unrestricted. Pruning will be necessary if you want to grow your Watermelon on a trellis. Removing extra vines also means that there will be fewer fruits to develop on the plant overall. When the plant is able to devote more of its resources to those fruits that you want to harvest, the resulting fruits will be sweeter and better textured than if your Watermelon is left to produce as much as possible. However, the same effect can be achieved by cutting off some immature fruits as soon as they develop. You may also want to prune in order to remove dying, damaged, or diseased portions of the plant, or in order to direct the growth toward a certain area. Pruning could also be used to allow more sunlight and air circulation around your Watermelon, which keeps it healthier overall.

When is the best time to prune my Watermelon?

The Watermelon growing season is during the spring and summer months, but the timing to prune is more closely related to the way the plant is developing than to the time of year. In general, if a single vine has started to develop one or two fruits, the far end of the vine should be trimmed off to limit the number of fruits produced. If you need to prune off an unhealthy portion of the plant, this can be done as soon as you notice the issue. It is best to prune in the morning on a dry day to limit the chance of infection. It’s a good idea to check the weather report to be safe before pruning.

How can I prune my Watermelon?

First, determine how many melons you would like to produce from your Watermelon. Smaller varieties can support more fruits, but if you are trying to produce larger melons you may want to stick with around 4 or 5 total. In general, each vine should produce just two melons when the plant is mature. Check each vine individually to see where fruits are developing. On any vine with one or two melons, prune the vine by cutting off the growing tip. Once you have determined where to prune, use your sterilized cutting tool to cut cleanly through the vine at least 1 inch or 2.5 cm past the last melon that will remain on the vine. This allows you to be sure that you don’t accidentally cut through the growing nodes. Remove any vines that you have pruned off, instead of leaving them on the ground nearby. The area around your Watermelon should be free of debris.

What should I consider when pruning my Watermelon?

There is some amount of risk inherent to pruning the Watermelon. Any time you cut into a plant, you open up a wound that could become infected. Always sterilize your cutting tool before using it, and only prune your Watermelon when it is dry. Pruning watermelon vines too much could inadvertently inhibit the plant’s ability to produce fruit. Watermelon produces both male and female flowers, allowing it to geitonogamy. Male flowers emerge about 7 to 10 days before the female flowers, and you can tell them apart because female flowers have an oblong swelling at the base while male flowers have a typical stem. Male flowers are far more numerous than female flowers, so be cautious about trimming off too many female flowers. Also be sure not to prune off too many of the leaves, since the plant still needs to be able to get plenty of sun to photosynthesize.

What should I do after pruning my Watermelon?

Watermelon doesn’t require any special care after pruning, but doesn’t need to stay away from wet right after the vines have been cut. Moisture increases the chance of infection developing in the wound, so don’t water until the cuts have had a chance to dry out. Also be aware that pruning can trigger the plant to put out more runners from the vines that have been cut. So you may need to prune the same vine more than once depending on the individual plant, the environmental conditions, the amount of space available, and your particular goals for your garden.

How much sunlight should Watermelon get per day to grow healthily?

You must expose the plants to at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight daily. They prefer more exposure to the morning light, especially in the summer. The Watermelon needs full sun and more sunlight that it can get. The more light these species get, the more they can manufacture food, produce beautiful blooms, and survive.

What type of sunlight does Watermelon need?

The Watermelon grows best under full sunlight. It's best not to crowd them together so they can get exposure to the sun evenly. The leaves shouldn't be starved with sunlight. If planted in pots, try to expose the herbaceous flowers in windows with direct sun and ensure they receive full sunlight regardless of the months. They don't tend to do well in partial or filtered light as this will not produce strong stems and healthy flowers. It's best if the Watermelon is always exposed to the sun.

Can sunlight hurt plants? How to protect Watermelon from sun and heat damage?

When the temperature rises above 90℉(32℃), the Watermelon can get damaged by extreme temperatures, especially if they are exposed to many hours of sun. It's always ideal for providing some shade from the light in the afternoon in the summer. It's always important to keep in mind that the sunlight in the summer is stronger than the one in the winter. Sunlight exposure is also 50% longer in the summer than in the winter. If the Watermelon is too stressed with sunlight, you might want to keep them fully hydrated. Water them when the top of the soil is about 2 inches dry, and move the plants indoors if it's too hot outside. This is the case if they are planted in containers. It can be normal for the plant leaves to wilt during the day. Generally, they can recover at night. However, when you notice that the Watermelon is still drooping, this means that the plant is losing water fast, and you need to water them.

Should I protect Watermelon from sun exposure?

The Watermelon does not need any protection from the sun. In fact, they love the sun, and some species are heliotropic. Plant them in south-facing gardens whenever possible so they can be exposed from morning to afternoon. While the sun can benefit them, some may experience a sunburn. You might offer protection from the afternoon and midday sun through a shade of a tree or a wall. Growing the Watermelon in shady areas is impossible because the larger flowers would require a lot of energy to grow and produce. Always provide the lighting conditions and set them in an area with full sun for best results.

What will happen if Watermelon gets inadequate sunlight?

When the Watermelon does not get adequate sunlight, or they are not placed in full sun locations, it's worth noting that the photosynthetic process will slow down. A lack of sunlight will cause the stems to become more leggy since they become thin and long since they tend to seek too much sunlight. They will not bloom and produce seeds in the shade. Inadequate sunlight will also mean that the older leaves can die, the color of the new ones is lighter than the old foliage, and the new growth is smaller than the last ones. The Watermelon indeed loves the sun so much. However, they can wilt when exposed to excessive heat and ultraviolet light during the extreme summer months, so be careful. You might want to cover them with a net that has a green shade, especially in the summer, to prevent the leaves and the flowers from scorching. When they are indoors, reduce the heat with the help of a fan.

Does Watermelon need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

When the Watermelon is growing, they need more light than their mature counterparts. The younger ones should receive adequate light, but they might not be prepared for sudden full sunlight, especially if they are grown in a nursery. They can be more sensitive to the summer sun, so the lighting should be gradual and slow.

How much light does Watermelon need for photosynthesis?

During summer or late spring, the Watermelon needs 6 to 8 hours of direct light every single day. This is whether they are planted outdoors. If the Watermelon is planted in pots or you're growing them in the winter, they need direct fluorescent lights that help them grow better. Make sure to place them in an indoor area where they are facing south or east so they can have enough sunlight for photosynthesis.

Are there any cautions or tips for sunlight and Watermelon?

When transplanting the plants, they should not be exposed to sudden sunlight. Give the Watermelon to grow and mature before transplanting outside. Some species of herbaceous plants can grow taller and might cast a shade on other young plants. Allow between 80 to 100 days of growing season before planting another batch to ensure that every plant receives more than enough sunlight for at least 6 hours a day. Make sure that the Watermelon receives the best light possible, especially if it's planted in a nursery. These are sun-loving plants, but too much sunlight with a very hot temperature is also detrimental to their growth. Indoor lights should be replaced with natural sunlight as much as possible since these species crave this every day.

What is the optimal temperature for Watermelon?

The best temperature for Watermelon to thrive is 65~80℉(18~27℃). During the primary growing phase, the highest temperature tolerable would be 95℉(35℃), while the lowest tolerable temperature would be 15℉(-10℃). This species is tolerant of low temperatures and will survive freezing winters. The perfect, highest, and lowest temperature range: Perfect：65~80℉(18~27℃) Highest：85~95℉(30~35℃) Lowest：-5~15℉(-20~-10℃) or below

Should I adjust the temperature for Watermelon during different growing phases?

Research shows that Watermelon will begin to exhibit signs of stunted growth during prolonged periods of higher temperatures, especially during the development of axillary buds and the growth of main shoots. Keeping the temperatures consistent and cooler, around 65℉(18℃), will encourage vigorous growth after germination or transplanting.

How can I keep Watermelon warm in cold seasons?

Watermelon can withstand freezing temperatures when planted in the ground in areas that don’t get below of 15℉(-10℃) as an extreme temperature during the winter months. But if planted in pots or containers, then their roots must be protected from the winter cold. Do this by wrapping the container in a blanket or bringing it inside where it will be fully protected from the elements.

What damage will Watermelon suffer if the temperature is too high/low?

Greater harm will come to Watermelon if the temperature is consistently too high versus too low. If Watermelon gets too hot, seed germination and photosynthesis efficiency is lessened due to hormone triggers caused by heat stress. The plant will show signs through wilting, leaf browning, and potentially death. If Watermelon gets too cold, plant functions such as nutrient uptake and photosynthesis will cease, resulting in the possible death of the plant. If a single freezing event occurs during the growing season, then a membrane phase transition might occur, which can cause a cease in plant functions and death of the plant.

What tips and cautions should I keep in mind when it comes to temperature for Watermelon?

Keeping the soil temperature consistent is one of the most important strategies to keeping Watermelon healthy, which leads to successful budding, flowering, and new growth. Do this by consistently watering, adding mulch to bare soil, and planting in the shade.

How can I keep Watermelon warm without a heat pad?

Due to the cold tolerance of Watermelon, heating pads will not be necessary if planted outside in the ground. If the plant is in an outdoor pot, then bring it inside a heated house and place it in a sunny window during the winter months.

How can I provide Watermelon with an adequate temperature condition?

To ensure adequate temperature conditions are present, plant Watermelon in an area with partial shade. If possible, use afternoon shade to provide the best protection during the hottest part of the day. This will also result in lower temperatures in the soil due to increased moisture retention. If Watermelon is planted indoors, then keep the container away from windows and out of direct sunlight during the summer months to prevent the soil temperature from spiking daily.

How can I save Watermelon from temperature damage?

During the summer or times of high heat, give Watermelon extra shade and water to help cool its leaves, roots, and soil. During cold snaps or growing season freezes, cover sensitive budding vegetation with frost cloth or water using sprinkler systems. If it’s only nearing freezing temperatures for a short period, then water during the day several hours before the freeze. If the temperature is predicted to remain below freezing for an extended period, then keep the sprinkler running until the temperature rises above freezing the following day.

Should I adjust the temperature for Watermelon in different seasons?

Watermelon is a mid-temperature plant that can easily tolerate the typical fluctuations of the seasons and remain a hardy species when planted in maintained landscapes areas, containers, or indoors. Therefore, adjusting the temperature during the different seasons is unnecessary for primary growth. If flowering is stunted or impeded, then allowing the plant to experience a season of winter freeze could help to revive flowering.

Under what conditions should I stop adjusting the temperature for Watermelon?

If it becomes too difficult to lower the temperature for an indoor plant during the summer, then plant it outside in the ground or in a container. Make sure to plant Watermelon in a shaded location and water often to keep the soil moist.

Why do I need to fertilize my Watermelon?

The growth of plants continues to deplete the soil of nutrients, especially those of the fast growing types. So regular fertilization to give Watermelon some extra supply of nutrients will not only help it stay healthy, but will also allow it to grow more and more delicious fruit. Plants may face many problems if they have not been fertilized for a long time. Nutrient deficiency can cause foliage issues, most commonly yellow leaves. Leaves may also develop a reddish color, shape deformities, withered tips, or dieback across large portions of the plant. Some types of nutrient deficiency can cause bark disorders, slow growth, poor shoot development, and a lack of fruit production.

When is the best time to fertilize my Watermelon?

The best time to fertilize is in the early spring, before the buds emerge. As Watermelon energes from winter dormancy, it uses the reserves that were stored up over the winter to put out new growth. Lots of energy will be needed to support the development of blooms, so fertilizing about 2 to 4 weeks before you expect it to bloom provides enough time for the nutrients to soak into the soil and then be absorbed and dispersed throughout the plant. You can continue to feed Watermelon during the spring, but it is best not to fertilize in the autumn because this can cause too much foliage to develop late in the season. That makes the leaves susceptible to damage in winter.

When should I avoid fertilizing my Watermelon?

Avoid fertilizing Watermelon at all in the first year of growth, and be cautious about providing fertilizer if it is not necessary. You also should not fertilize if you pruned 20% of the plant or more the previous year. Hold off on fertilizing plants that are diseased or damaged, as this can do more harm than good. Remember that fertilizer is not medicine, and instead get to the root cause of the issue before you think about feeding the plant again. Do not fertilize after the peak of summer, which can cause too much growth just before winter. Also, Watermelon should not be fertilized during hot and dry times of year, since dry soil does not deliver fertilizer as effectively as moist soil. Fertilizing at this time can also stimulate growth which in turn needs more water that may not be available. It is best to keep fertilizer for earlier in the season when temperatures are cooler. Finally, remember that Watermelon can absorb fertilizer that has been applied to nearby plants or lawns, so be cautious about inadvertently giving plants a double-dose of fertilizer.

What type of fertilizer does my Watermelon need?

Usually the use of some fertilizer with balanced nutrition (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) can bring many benefits. The main nutrients that plants need are nitrogen for leaf growth and chlorophyll. Phosphorus supports the root system as well as to produce blossoms, fruits, and seeds. Potassium develops the systems used for photosynthesis and transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.You may choose to use a commercial fertilizer specialized for a certain type of tree, or you can use organic nitrogen sources such as manure, feather meal, or blood meal. Conducting a soil test can help you get a good idea of the condition of your soil and apply fertilizer more precisely. For commercial fertilizers, you could use a balanced granular fertilizer with an NPK of 10-10-10 or similar if your soil does not have sufficient phosphorus and potassium according to your soil test. In most cases the nitrogen in the soil is continuously lost with rainfall. If your soil has sufficient levels of phosphorus and potassium, a high-nitrogen fertilizer with a ratio of 6-2-1 or 10-2-2 would be more suitable.

How do I fertilize my Watermelon?

Always follow directions for the specific type of fertilizer and do research on how to use it for the Watermelon you are growing. It is important not to over-fertilize your Watermelon, so determining the correct amount to use is crucial, especially for fruit trees. The usual rule of thumb is to use the age of the tree (if known) or the diameter of the trunk to understand how much fertilizer should be used. Estimate a one-tenth of a pound of fertilizer per year or per inch of trunk, with a maximum of one pound. Note that a Watermelon should not be fertilized for the first few years. Granular fertilizers and organic fertilizers such as blood meal are applied by sprinkling the substance around the base of the tree all the way to the drip line (the space below the farthest-reaching branches) but do not let fertilizer come in contact with the trunk. Over time, the granules break down and filter into the soil to be absorbed into the roots. After fertilizing, spread an inch-deep layer of compost around the base of the tree and water thoroughly.

What happens if I fertilize my Watermelon too much?

It is far better to under-fertilize than over-fertilize, since you can always add more but you cannot easily take away excess fertilizer. Over-fertilizing your Watermelon may cause brown leaf tips and edges, yellowing, wilting leaves, and possibly a visible crust of fertilizer salts on the surface of the soil around the plant. This condition is called fertilizer burn and results from too many accumulated salts in the plant’s cells. If excess nitrogen is the issue, the Watermelon will produce a lot of leaves but won’t grow much fruit since nitrogen supports foliage growth. If you have overfertilized, you could try removing the top layer of soil under the Watermelon to remove the most concentrated area of fertilizer. Then flush the area by watering heavily to try to get rid of fertilizer around the roots.

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Key Facts About Watermelon

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Attributes of Watermelon

Lifespan

Annual

Plant Type

Vine, Herb

Planting Time

Mid spring

Bloom Time

Summer

Harvest Time

Late summer, Early fall

Plant Height

50 cm

Spread

2 m

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

4 mm

Flower Color

Yellow

Fruit Color

Green

Black

Yellow

White

Stem Color

Green

Dormancy

Winter dormancy

Leaf type

Deciduous

Ideal Temperature

20 - 38 ℃

Growth Season

Spring, Summer

Pollinators

Bees

Growth Rate

Moderate

Name story

Watermelon

In hot summer, the solution for dehydration is consuming watermelon. Like its name, this plant contains 91% water content. This fruit, which has been cultivated for thousands of years has become one of the best-selling fruits today.

Symbolism

Good luck and happiness

Usages

Beauty Improvement Value

Watermelon is rich in cosmetic elements with sunscreen and whitening effects.

Garden Use

The watermelon is a popular garden plant in warmer climates. This vine is typically planted in backyard fruit and vegetable garden plots, so that its delicious edible fruit can be harvested right at home. Companion plants of the watermelon often include Pumpkin, Marigold, Squash, and Corn.

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Watermelon is known as the king of summer melons and fruits. There is a Chinese proverb that says that having watermelon in the summer can prevent diseases. This means that eating watermelon can prevent heatstroke, and it is a good water supplement.

Scientific Classification of Watermelon

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

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Common Pests & Diseases About Watermelon

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Common issues for Watermelon based on 10 million real cases

Brown blotch yellow edge

Brown spot is a plant disease that greatly affects Watermelon. It is characterized by the formation of yellow or brown colored spots on the plant's leaves, leading to wilting and potentially plant death. The disease generally proliferates under warm and humid conditions.

Leaf rot

Leaf Rot is a common fungal disease with adverse effects on Watermelon, causing wilting, yellowing, and ultimate decay of leaves. The disease negatively impacts plant vigor and fruit production, emphasizing the importance of timely detection and treatment.

Wilting

Wilting is a damaging disease affecting Watermelon, causing dwindling vigor and growth. This ailment caused by multiple pathogens leads to a loss of turgidity, discoloration, and eventual death of the plant. Immediate attention and suitable treatments are imperative to mitigate its impact.

Caterpillars

Caterpillars are the larval stage of butterflies and moths that cause substantial damage to Watermelon. They feed on the leaves and fruits, leading to stunted growth and fruit scarcity. If not adequately managed, they can decimate crops.

Leaf spot

Leaf spot is a common disease affecting Watermelon, primarily caused by fungal pathogens. It poses a significant threat to the plant's health, characterized by visible spots on leaves and, in severe cases, can lead to defoliation and diminished fruit production.

Leaf miners

Leaf miners are plant-pathogenic larvae causing substantial injuries to Watermelon's foliage, compromising its photosynthesis efficiency, growth, and yield. These pests burrow into the plant's leaves, forming winding tunnels or mines leading to cosmetic infringement, reduced vigor, and, if unchecked, plant mortality.

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Weed Control About Watermelon

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Weeds

Watermelon can be an unwanted plant when it grows out of control and competes with other cultivated plants.

How to Control it

Once the weeds start to flower and fructify, it will be difficult to control them effectively. In fact, the best time to remove weeds is before flowering and fructification because the seeds will spread rapidly after that. So, it is necessary to remove weeds more often and to take precautions in advance next year. Mulching: During the seed stage, covering with sawdust, straws or black mulches to effectively inhibit seed germination and the growth of the seedling. Generally, this method is used in winter or spring to inhibit the germination of weed in the soil. If the weeds have already flowered and fructified, this method can be used to isolate the seeds and the soil to prevent the seeds from falling into the soil. Pulling out: Before the weeds fructify, wear gloves or use tools to pull them out. If it is difficult to pull out weed due to dry soil, adding water to the soil helps to make it easy to remove the roots thoroughly. After pulling out the weed, deep tillage can be adopted to remove the residual roots. This method is especially effective for weeds that are in the seedling stage or low growing size. Pruning: Pruning weeds before they fructify can effectively control the propagation of weeds, especially for annual weeds. Frequent pruning can inhibit the growth and fructification of weeds and effectively them in the same year. Plowing: Before cultivation, plow the soil, collect and discard the roots of perennial weeds, then expose them to the sun or bury them deeply. It can also be used for retting organic fertilizer and composting. Chemical control: Using appropriate herbicides can effectively remove the weed from the area. Note: When removing weeds, it is necessary to wear gloves to avoid direct contact with the weeds, especially for the ones that are poisonous, thorny and allergenic. When removing weeds at the flowering stage, special masks should be worn to prevent allergic reactions caused by the inhalation of pollen.

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Distribution of Watermelon

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Habitat of Watermelon

Open ground in desert areas

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Watermelon

Watermelon is native to parts of North Africa and South Africa. It naturally grows in grasslands and on riversides. However, this popular fruit has also been introduced and cultivated widely in temperate regions across the world.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Watermelon Growth and Care

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Basic Care Guide

Common Pests & Diseases

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Water

Twice per week

Watermelon originates from sub-Saharan Africa where climatic conditions generally include high temperatures and occasional, abundant rainfall. This environment has influenced watermelon's watering needs, directing it towards infrequent but deep watering schedules, in a bid to mimic the heavy showers common to its native habitat. Therefore, successful cultivation goes beyond keeping the soil damp but appreciates the idiosyncrasies of its native desert-like climes.

Watering Techniques

Lighting

Full sun

Watermelon thrives in an area where the sun shines generously throughout the day. This contributes to its robust growth. Both as a seedling and mature plant, it benefits from ample sun. Its inherent environment is one with abundant sunshine. If deprived of such natural light, it may exhibit stunted growth and poor fruit development. Conversely, overly intense sun can cause leaf scorching.

Best Sunlight Practices

Transplant

36-60 inches

For a thriving watermelon, transplant during the peak of its growing season, typically mid-summer to late summer. Select a sunny location with well-draining soil, rich in organic matter. Ensure ample space for growth, and support the delicate roots during the transplant process for a flourishing display.

Transplant Techniques

Temperature

0 - 43 ℃

Watermelon is native to regions with temperatures ranging from 68 to 100 °F (20 to 38 ℃). It prefers warmer climates, with optimal growth occurring in this heat range. Adjustments in care may be necessary when temperatures fall below 68 °F (20 ℃) or rise above 100 °F (38 ℃).

Temp for Healthy Growth

Pruning

Spring, Summer

This vining fruit is known for its large, sweet produce and sprawling growth. Essential pruning for watermelon includes removing dead or diseased foliage and thinning out crowded vines to enhance air circulation and sunlight exposure. Prune lateral shoots after 4-5 leaf nodes to encourage fruiting. Optimal pruning occurs from early spring to late summer, tailored to growth stages. Pruning boosts yield and fruit size while reducing pest and disease risk.

Pruning techniques

Propagation

Spring

For watermelon, springtime is ideal for propagation, with sowing being the preferred method. This plant is relatively easy to propagate, and successful propagation is indicated by healthy green sprouts. Ensure fertile, well-drained soil for optimal results.

Propagation Techniques

Pollination

Easy

The watermelon plant relies primarily on bees for pollination. These buzzy workers are enticed by watermelon's vibrant yellow flowers, which only open during the day. The bees deliver the pollen from male to female flowers through buzz pollination, a process in which the bee vibrates at a certain frequency to free the pollen. This daytime pollination pattern ensures the effective fertilization of watermelon plants.

Pollination Techniques

Brown blotch yellow edge

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Leaf rot

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Wilting

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Caterpillars

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Leaf spot

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Leaf miners

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Feng shui direction

North

The plant watermelon exhibits a unique affinity with the North direction. This is attributable to Feng Shui principles expressing water's cardinal correspondence with North, which resonates with watermelon's highly water-dependent nature. However, the result might variate according to individual perception as the philosophy of Feng Shui is expansive and subjective.

Fengshui Details

Plants Related to Watermelon

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White poplar

White poplar (*Populus alba*) is a popular tree native to Morocco and Central Europe. White poplar is also called the silver poplar and the silverleaf poplar. White poplar grows in moist soils in areas with temperate climates. This tree is easy to carve and thus used for sculpture in China and Europe.

Bitter ginger

Bitter ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) is a perennial plant species that's native to India and the Malay Peninsula. It grows in shaded forests. Indigenous people used the aromatic liquid of the flower as a shampoo for their hair.

Giant reed

Giant reed, also known as Arundo donax, is a large ornamental grass that can grow in both standing water and well-drained soil. In warm climates, the plant can reach 6 m tall and grow long purple flowers. Reeds for musical instruments are made from this plant.

Common coconut palm

Common coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is a broadleaf evergreen native to the Western Pacific tropical islands. In the United States, common coconut palm grows in Hawaii, Southern Florida, and Texas. This tree produces coconuts.

Asiatic dayflower

The asiatic dayflower is an annual creeper that is classified as an invasive species in many areas. Known for its beautiful blooms that only last one day, the asiatic dayflower has spread throughout much of the world. It is used in Japan and China to create blue and green pigments.

Wax begonia

Begonia cucullata is a native of South America. It is often used as a ground cover and also does well in containers. The blossoms of wax begonia can be red, white, or pink. In some states like Florida and Georgia, wax begonia is considered an invasive species due to its tendency to reseed prolifically in the right conditions.

Poison ivy

In pop culture, poison ivy is a symbol of an obnoxious weed because, despite its unthreatening looks, it gives a highly unpleasant contact rash to the unfortunate person who touches it. Still, it is commonly eaten by many animals, and the seeds are a favorite with birds. The leaves turn bright red in fall. Its sister species, Western poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii), is not considered to be invasive in the United States, but is noxious in Australia and New Zealand.

Pokeweed

Although its berries look juicy and tempting, the fruits and the root of pokeweed are toxic and should not be eaten. Pokeweed is considered a pest species by farmers but is nevertheless often grown as an ornamental plant. Its berries can be made into pokeberry ink as well.

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Watermelon

Citrullus lanatus

Also known as: Egusi melon, Bitter wooly melon

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a flowering plant with a vine-like appearance native to Western Africa. Watermelon bears fruit that are widely cultivated and consumed across the world. Watermelon grow in tropical and temperate climates and requires warmth to grow. There are 1000 varieties around the world.

Water

Twice per week

Sunlight

Full sun

Care Guide for Watermelon

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Full sun, Partial sun

Ideal Temperature

5 to 11

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Questions About Watermelon

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Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Watermelon?

What should I do if I water my Watermelon too much or too little?

How often should I water my Watermelon?

How much water does my Watermelon need?

How should I water my Watermelon at different growth stages?

How should I water my Watermelon through the seasons?

What's the difference between watering my Watermelon indoors and outdoors?

Is pruning necessary for my Watermelon?

When is the best time to prune my Watermelon?

How can I prune my Watermelon?

What should I consider when pruning my Watermelon?

What should I do after pruning my Watermelon?

How much sunlight should Watermelon get per day to grow healthily?

What type of sunlight does Watermelon need?

Can sunlight hurt plants? How to protect Watermelon from sun and heat damage?

Should I protect Watermelon from sun exposure?

What will happen if Watermelon gets inadequate sunlight?

Does Watermelon need special care about sunlight during its different growth stages?

How much light does Watermelon need for photosynthesis?

Are there any cautions or tips for sunlight and Watermelon?

What is the optimal temperature for Watermelon?

Should I adjust the temperature for Watermelon during different growing phases?

How can I keep Watermelon warm in cold seasons?

What damage will Watermelon suffer if the temperature is too high/low?

What tips and cautions should I keep in mind when it comes to temperature for Watermelon?

How can I keep Watermelon warm without a heat pad?

How can I provide Watermelon with an adequate temperature condition?

How can I save Watermelon from temperature damage?

Should I adjust the temperature for Watermelon in different seasons?

Under what conditions should I stop adjusting the temperature for Watermelon?

Why do I need to fertilize my Watermelon?

When is the best time to fertilize my Watermelon?

When should I avoid fertilizing my Watermelon?

What type of fertilizer does my Watermelon need?

How do I fertilize my Watermelon?

What happens if I fertilize my Watermelon too much?

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Key Facts About Watermelon

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Attributes of Watermelon

Lifespan

Annual

Plant Type

Vine, Herb

Planting Time

Mid spring

Bloom Time

Summer

Harvest Time

Late summer, Early fall

Plant Height

50 cm

Spread

2 m

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

4 mm

Flower Color

Yellow

Fruit Color

Green

Black

Yellow

White

Stem Color

Green

Dormancy

Winter dormancy

Leaf type

Deciduous

Ideal Temperature

20 - 38 ℃

Growth Season

Spring, Summer

Pollinators

Bees

Growth Rate

Moderate

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Name story

Watermelon

Symbolism

Good luck and happiness

Usages

Beauty Improvement Value

Watermelon is rich in cosmetic elements with sunscreen and whitening effects.

Garden Use

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Watermelon

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

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Common Pests & Diseases About Watermelon

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Common issues for Watermelon based on 10 million real cases

Brown blotch yellow edge

Learn More About the Brown blotch yellow edge

Leaf rot

Learn More About the Leaf rot

Wilting

Learn More About the Wilting

Caterpillars

Learn More About the Caterpillars

Leaf spot

Learn More About the Leaf spot

Leaf miners

Learn More About the Leaf miners

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Weed Control About Watermelon

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Weeds

Watermelon can be an unwanted plant when it grows out of control and competes with other cultivated plants.

How to Control it

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Distribution of Watermelon

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Habitat of Watermelon

Open ground in desert areas

Northern Hemisphere

South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Watermelon

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info on Watermelon Growth and Care

Basic Care Guide

Common Pests & Diseases

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Brown blotch yellow edge

Plants Related to Watermelon

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Indoor

Requirements

Full sun

Ideal

Above 6 hours sunlight

Partial sun

Tolerance

About 3-6 hours sunlight

Watch how sunlight gracefully moves through your garden, and choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade for your plants, ensuring their happiness.

Essentials

Preferred

Tolerable

Unsuitable

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Notes

The more sunlight, the sweeter the fruit becomes.

Artificial lighting

Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.

Important Symptoms

Symptoms of Insufficient Light in %s

Watermelon, a plant that thrives in full sunlight, is commonly grown outdoors with ample sunlight. When cultivated indoors with inadequate light, it may exhibit subtle symptoms of light deficiency.

(Symptom details and solutions)

Small leaves

New leaves may grow smaller in size compared to the previous ones once they have matured.

Leggy or sparse growth

The spaces between leaves or stems of your watermelon may become longer, resulting in a thin and stretched-out appearance. This can make the plant look sparse and weak, and it may easily break or lean due to its own weight.

Faster leaf drop

When plants are exposed to low light conditions, they tend to shed older leaves early to conserve resources. Within a limited time, these resources can be utilized to grow new leaves until the plant's energy reserves are depleted.

Slower or no new growth

Watermelon enters a survival mode when light conditions are poor, which leads to a halt in leaf production. As a result, the plant's growth becomes delayed or stops altogether.

Lighter-colored new leaves

Insufficient sunlight can cause leaves to develop irregular color patterns or appear pale. This indicates a lack of chlorophyll and essential nutrients.

Solutions

1. To ensure optimal growth, gradually move plants to a sunnier location each week, until they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Use a south-facing window and keep curtains open during the day for maximum sunlight exposure and nutrient accumulation.2. To provide additional light for your plant, consider using artificial light if it's large or not easily movable. Keep a desk or ceiling lamp on for at least 8 hours daily, or invest in professional plant grow lights for ample light.

Symptoms of Excessive light in %s

Watermelon thrives in full sun exposure and can tolerate intense sunlight. With their remarkable resilience, symptoms of sunburn may not be easily visible, as they rarely suffer from it.

(Symptom details and solutions)

Chlorosis

Chlorosis is a condition where the plant's leaves lose their green color and turn yellow. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll from excessive sunlight, which negatively affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize.

Sunscald

Sunscald occurs when the plant's leaves or stems are damaged by intense sunlight exposure. It appears as pale, bleached, or necrotic areas on the plant tissue and can reduce the plant's overall health.

Leaf Curling

Leaf curling is a symptom where leaves curl or twist under extreme sunlight conditions. This is a defense mechanism used by the plant to reduce its surface area exposed to sunlight, minimizing water loss and damage.

Wilting

Wilting occurs when a plant loses turgor pressure and its leaves and stems begin to droop. Overexposure to sunlight can cause wilting by increasing the plant's water loss through transpiration, making it difficult for the plant to maintain adequate hydration.

Leaf Scorching

Leaf scorching is a symptom characterized by the appearance of brown, dry, and crispy edges or patches on leaves due to excessive sunlight. This can lead to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant health.

Solutions

1. Move your plant to the optimal position where it can receive abundant sunlight but also have some shade. An east-facing window is an ideal choice as the morning sunlight is gentler. This way, your plant can enjoy ample sunlight while reducing the risk of sunburn.2. It is recommended to trim off any completely dehydrated or withered parts of the plant.

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Indoor

Requirements

Ideal

Tolerable

Unsuitable

Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care.

Essentials

Regional wintering strategies

Watermelon has strong cold resistance, so special frost protection measures are usually not necessary during winter. However, if the winter temperatures are expected to drop below {Limit_growth_temperature}, it is still important to provide cold protection. This can be achieved by wrapping the trunk and branches with materials such as non-woven fabric or cloth. Before the first freeze in autumn, it is recommended to water the plant abundantly, ensuring the soil remains moist and enters a frozen state. This helps prevent drought and water scarcity for the plant during winter and early spring.

Important Symptoms

Symptoms of Low Temperature in Watermelon

Watermelon is cold-tolerant and thrives best when the temperature is above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min}. During winter, it should be kept above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. When the temperature falls below {Limit_growth_temperature}, although there may not be any noticeable changes during winter, the branches may become brittle and dry during springtime, and no new shoots will emerge.

Solutions

In spring, prune away any dead branches that have failed to produce new leaves.

Symptoms of High Temperature in Watermelon

During summer, Watermelon should be kept below {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. When the temperature exceeds {Tolerable_growing_temperature_max}, the leaves of the plant may become lighter in color, the tips may become dry and withered, and the plant becomes more susceptible to sunburn.

Solutions

Trim away the sunburned and dried-up parts. Move the plant to a location that provides shade from the midday and afternoon sun, or use a shade cloth to create shade. Water the plant in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist.

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Care Guide for Watermelon

Questions About Watermelon

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Watermelon

Attributes of Watermelon

Name story

Symbolism

Usages

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Watermelon

Common Pests & Diseases About Watermelon

Weed Control About Watermelon

Distribution of Watermelon

Habitat of Watermelon

Distribution Map of Watermelon

More Info on Watermelon Growth and Care

Plants Related to Watermelon

Care Guide for Watermelon

Questions About Watermelon

More Questions People Also Ask

Key Facts About Watermelon

Attributes of Watermelon

Name story

Symbolism

Usages

Trivia and Interesting Facts

Scientific Classification of Watermelon

Common Pests & Diseases About Watermelon

Weed Control About Watermelon

Distribution of Watermelon

Habitat of Watermelon

Distribution Map of Watermelon

More Info on Watermelon Growth and Care

Plants Related to Watermelon