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Fritillaries (Fritillaria)
Fritillaries are a large group of mostly-spring flowering plants in the lily family—almost all species sport large, showy, nodding, bell-shaped flowers. Many species have become exceptionally popular as ornamentals, to the degree that native populations are now in danger due to overharvesting. Some species have been the subject of works of art and poetry for centuries, including several of Shakespeare's works. Many European crests and coats of arms also feature stylized fritillaries.
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Herb/Vine
Key Facts About Fritillaries
Feedback
Attributes of Fritillaries
Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
5 - 32 ℃
Scientific Classification of Fritillaries
Distribution of Fritillaries
Feedback
Distribution Map of Fritillaries
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
How to Grow and Care for Fritillaries
Feedback
Fritillaries is a versatile plant genus renowned for its unique, bell-shaped blooms. Basic care needs include partial to full sunlight exposure, well-drained soils with a slight preference for alkaline conditions, and regular watering avoiding excessive moisture. Common challenges are pests like aphids or bulb mites and diseases such as root rot, especially if overwatered. Seasonal considerations exist primarily in spring and autumn; bulbs should be planted in autumn, then watered and fertilized lightly in spring.
How to Water Fritillaries?
What Are the Sunlight Requirements for Fritillaries?
How to Propagate Fritillaries?
How to Plant Fritillaries?
Exploring the Fritillaries Plants
Feedback
8 most common species：
Crown imperial
Regal crowns of flowers perch atop tall stems of the crown imperial, or Fritillaria imperialis. Bulbs can be planted in mass plantings, flowerbeds, and container gardens. These striking flowers grow from bulbs and bloom in early spring. The skunk-like fragrance is a great pest repellent.
Fritillaria verticillata thunbergii
As it is widely known in China, Zhe Bei Mu is a flowering plant farmed commercially for over 700 years as a medicine in the country. The plant's bulb is typically fried and candied, while the young leaves are prepared for food. This perennial herb is resistant to deer and rabbits but is vulnerable to slugs and lily beetles. They suit rock and container gardens.
Chequered daffodil
Chequered daffodil (Fritillaria meleagris), also known as Snake's head, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant belonging to the Lily family and native to Europe and western Asia. The attractive bell-shaped flower has an unusual checkered pattern, rarely seen in the plant world. The bulb contains toxic alkaloids.
Chocolate Lily
The flowers of chocolate Lily (Fritillaria camschatcensis) often emit a foul odor. This odor attracts flies, which help pollinate the plants. It thrives in moist soils that never dry out in both rainforests and areas along coasts.
Chocolate Lily
Chocolate Lily (Fritillaria affinis) is a perennial lily that grows from a bulb and will grow to 61 cm tall. It grows best in sandy or loamy soil moist but well-drained. Thrives in full sun or partial shade. Flowers bloom in spring and are greenish-brown with yellow to purplish-black mottling. The bulb is edible and can be consumed raw cooked or dried.
Persian fritillary
Persian fritillary (Fritillaria persica) thrives if planted in hot areas that get lots of sun, such as rock gardens. It can create a great narrow pathway border since it takes up so little foot space. It's also a smart option for areas heavy with wildlife such as deer and rabbits, as it's not a snack of choice for them.
Pyrenean fritillary
Pyrenean fritillary is a beautiful bulbous plant with linear leaves and bowl-shaped flowers. This Pyrenean native produces single light purple campanulate blooms. It thrives in a majority of fertile, well-drained soils.
Yellow fritillary
The yellow fritillary (Fritillaria pudica) is a wild relative of lilies found in the western United States and various areas in Canada. The dainty flowers bloom soon after the snows melt in their native range. The bulbs are nutritious and are particularly beloved by bears.
All Species of Fritillaries
Crown imperial
Crown imperial
Regal crowns of flowers perch atop tall stems of the crown imperial, or Fritillaria imperialis. Bulbs can be planted in mass plantings, flowerbeds, and container gardens. These striking flowers grow from bulbs and bloom in early spring. The skunk-like fragrance is a great pest repellent.
Fritillaria verticillata thunbergii
Fritillaria verticillata thunbergii
As it is widely known in China, Zhe Bei Mu is a flowering plant farmed commercially for over 700 years as a medicine in the country. The plant's bulb is typically fried and candied, while the young leaves are prepared for food. This perennial herb is resistant to deer and rabbits but is vulnerable to slugs and lily beetles. They suit rock and container gardens.
Chequered daffodil
Chequered daffodil
Chequered daffodil (Fritillaria meleagris), also known as Snake's head, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant belonging to the Lily family and native to Europe and western Asia. The attractive bell-shaped flower has an unusual checkered pattern, rarely seen in the plant world. The bulb contains toxic alkaloids.
Chocolate Lily
Chocolate Lily
The flowers of chocolate Lily (Fritillaria camschatcensis) often emit a foul odor. This odor attracts flies, which help pollinate the plants. It thrives in moist soils that never dry out in both rainforests and areas along coasts.
Chocolate Lily
Chocolate Lily
Chocolate Lily (Fritillaria affinis) is a perennial lily that grows from a bulb and will grow to 61 cm tall. It grows best in sandy or loamy soil moist but well-drained. Thrives in full sun or partial shade. Flowers bloom in spring and are greenish-brown with yellow to purplish-black mottling. The bulb is edible and can be consumed raw cooked or dried.
Persian fritillary
Persian fritillary
Persian fritillary (Fritillaria persica) thrives if planted in hot areas that get lots of sun, such as rock gardens. It can create a great narrow pathway border since it takes up so little foot space. It's also a smart option for areas heavy with wildlife such as deer and rabbits, as it's not a snack of choice for them.
Pyrenean fritillary
Pyrenean fritillary
Pyrenean fritillary is a beautiful bulbous plant with linear leaves and bowl-shaped flowers. This Pyrenean native produces single light purple campanulate blooms. It thrives in a majority of fertile, well-drained soils.
Yellow fritillary
Yellow fritillary
The yellow fritillary (Fritillaria pudica) is a wild relative of lilies found in the western United States and various areas in Canada. The dainty flowers bloom soon after the snows melt in their native range. The bulbs are nutritious and are particularly beloved by bears.
Involucrate fritillary
Involucrate fritillary
Involucrate fritillary is a rare plant that has a musky scent and is noted for its bell-shaped flowers with checked petals. This hardy perennial prefers a sunny position but can tolerate cold. Fritillaria involucrata was first described, with its name validly published, by the Italian professor of botany Carlo Allioni in 1789.
Scarlet fritillary
Scarlet fritillary
Scarlet fritillary is one of the two species of the Fritillaria genus that has bright red flowers. These tubular-shaped flowers attract hummingbirds. The distribution of scarlet fritillary is restricted to California and Oregon on the west coast of the U.S., but it's cultivated from seeds around the world and used as a garden plant.
Iberian fritillary
Iberian fritillary
Iberian fritillary is a wildflower whose petals are adorned with a distinctive chequered pattern, making it an eye-catching find in the wild. It grows in forests, grassland, and rocky terrain and is known for its attractive bell-shaped flowers.
Chocolate lily
Chocolate lily
Fritillaria biflora is an herbaceous perennial that grows from a bulb. Brown small lily-like flowers bloom in spring giving it the common name chocolate lily. It is also called mission bells due to the shape of its flowers and their tendency to look down like a bell. Flowers have an unpleasant scent and attract flies for pollination.
Fritillaria maximowiczii
Fritillaria maximowiczii
Fritillaria maximowiczii is an uncommon plant, native to northeast China and eastern Russia. It offers a single flower in a lovely red-purple color. The flower droops from the stem and is surrounded by a whorl of weeping mid-green leaves. Parts of the plant are toxic if ingested.
Crown imperial 'Brahms'
Crown imperial 'Brahms'
Crown imperial 'Brahms' is known for its bell-shaped salmon-pink flowers topped with upright fans of sword-shaped glossy light green leaves. It is a cultivar of the Fritillaria imperialis, commonly known as the crown imperial. Like many crown imperial cultivars, this one is named for a famous composer, Johannes Brahms. This hardy perennial looks stunning as a focal point in a garden and can also be grown in containers on a patio.
Persian fritillary 'Adiyaman'
Persian fritillary 'Adiyaman'
Persian fritillary 'Adiyaman' is named for the Turkish town of Adiyaman. This hybrid is taller than its parent plant and produces more purple bell-shaped flowers, making it such a popular garden plant that it is has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Crown imperial 'Maxima Lutea'
Crown imperial 'Maxima Lutea'
Crown imperial 'Maxima Lutea' offers eye-catching nodding, bell-shaped yellow flowers with upright fans of sword-shaped leaves in light green. Indeed, 'maxima lutea' means large and yellow. It is a cultivar of Fritillaria imperialis, commonly known as crown imperial. Plant the bulbs in well-draining, rich soil. It makes a spectacular show as a focal point in a garden. Crown imperial 'Maxima Lutea' is ideal for borders and beds and adds charm to a country-style garden.
Crown imperial 'Lutea'
Crown imperial 'Lutea'
Crown imperial 'Lutea' offers eye-catching bell-shaped yellow flowers with upright fans of sword-shaped leaves in light green. It is a cultivar of Fritillaria imperialis, commonly known as crown imperial. 'Lutea' means yellow. Plant the bulbs in quantity in well-draining soil and you will have a spectacular bright burst of color in your summer garden.
Crown imperial 'Rubra'
Crown imperial 'Rubra'
Crown imperial 'Rubra' is a bulbous perennial offering deep scarlet-orange bell-shaped flowers atop whorls of light green, lance-shaped leaves. It is a cultivar of the Fritillaria imperialis commonly known as the crown imperial and named for its ruby-like color. Plant in full sun in well-draining soil and create a focal point in a city garden.
Michael's flower
Michael's flower
Fritillaria michailovskyi is a species of flowering plant in the lily family, native to mountainous areas of northeastern Turkey. It is a bulbous perennial growing to 10 to 20 cm tall, with narrow strap-shaped leaves and nodding umbels of distinctive, pendent, bell-shaped maroon flowers with yellow tips in spring.
Spotted fritillary
Spotted fritillary
Fritillaria atropurpurea stems may reach anywhere from 10 to 60 cm in height and bear narrow, pointed leaves. The nodding flower has spreading tepals each 1 cm or 2 cm long which are yellowish or cream colored with heavy dark purple-brown mottling.
Crown imperial 'Aurora'
Crown imperial 'Aurora'
The stunning crown imperial 'Aurora' is a Crown imperial cultivar that produces an aurora of huge orange flowers that droop down from a leafy crown. In contrast, the parent plant has red flowers. This perennial is a standout garden performer, and well-established plants will thrive for several years.
Crown imperial 'Beethoven'
Crown imperial 'Beethoven'
Crown imperial 'Beethoven' stands regal with a striking tower of bell-shaped flowers crowned by a tuft of green leaves, akin to a monarch's scepter. Its radiant blooms, varying from deep oranges to reds, perch atop a sturdy, tall stem, rising up to 3 feet, exuding a faint, musky aroma that deters garden nibblers. This majestic perennial heralds the spring, flourishing best in full sun and well-drained soils.
Turkmen fritillary
Turkmen fritillary
The inflorescence forms an umbel of 10–20 pendant bell-shaped flowers with six tepals that are yellowish to green. Nectaries 2 to 3 mm in diameter. Stem of about 50 to 80 cm in height. The umbel is topped with a pineapple-like tuft of narrow leaf-like bracts. On the stem are shiny, glaucous, lanceolate, pale green alternate leaves, up to 13 cm in length. The plant has a disagreeable odor.
Persian fritillary 'Ivory Bells'
Persian fritillary 'Ivory Bells'
Persian fritillary 'Ivory Bells' gets its name from its flowers. Why? Well, they are ivory-colored and form a perfect bell shape, rising on long stalks above spiked leaves. The parent plant instead has dull plum-colored flowers. Since these are tall, upright plants, they're ideal for smaller areas of gardens like narrow flowerbeds.
Yellow himalayan fritillary
Yellow himalayan fritillary
Yellow himalayan fritillary is a perennial herb noted for its delicate, bell-shaped flowers, often tinged with purple or green hues, and naturally adorned with a chequered pattern. Its slender stem, arising from a bulb, supports lanceolate leaves that are arranged in whorls. Adaptable to alpine meadows, yellow himalayan fritillary thrives in well-drained soils, benefiting from the cool, moist climate found at high elevations.
Crown imperial 'Rubra Maxima'
Crown imperial 'Rubra Maxima'
'Rubra Maxima" means 'most red' in Latin and is a great name for this crown imperial cultivar which features abundant dangling orange-red flowers. These flowers distend from a thick stem crowned by green leaves. Crown imperial 'Rubra Maxima' is a stand-out feature plant for ornamental gardens and flowers for two to three weeks in late spring.
Yellow fritillary
Yellow fritillary
Yellow fritillary boasts a striking appearance with its bell-shaped, checkered flowers predominantly in shades of brown or green-yellow. This bulbous perennial thrives in well-drained soils often found on sunny, rocky slopes. The flower's unique pattern and colors offer camouflage against its natural environment, promoting pollination while deterring herbivores.
Caucasian frtillary
Caucasian frtillary
Caucasian frtillary has one of those straightforward names that describe what it is and where it comes from. This plant was first found and described in 1805 around Constantinomontanas in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. the attractive flowers of this hardy plant reward ornamental growth, and it requires well-drained, rich, peaty soils.
Fragrant fritillary
Fragrant fritillary
Fritillaria liliacea is native to the region surrounding San Francisco Bay in California. The bell-shaped white flowers have greenish stripes and are set on a nodding pedicel of about 37 cm in height. The blossoms are odorless to faintly fragrant.
Golden snake's-head
Golden snake's-head
Golden snake's-head is distinguished by its elegant bell-shaped flowers, which dangle gracefully from slender stems. The blooms exhibit a palette of dusky purples and greens, often intricately checkered, reflecting the plant's adaptation to blend into the dappled light of its native rocky subalpine zones. The foliage is a subtle blue-green, forming a delicate backdrop to the striking flowers that emerge in spring.
More Popular Genus
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Dracaena
Dracaena are popular house plants that are easy to grow. They can tolerate low-light conditions and require little watering. Their leaves range from variegated to dark green. Their characteristic traits include woody stems that grow slowly but offer a striking appearance for small spaces such as apartments or offices.
Fig trees
Fig trees have been cultivated in many regions for their fruits, particularly the common fig, F. carica. Most of the species have edible fruits, although the common fig is the only one of commercial value. Fig trees are also important food sources for wildlife in the tropics, including monkeys, bats, and insects.
Brambles
Brambles are members of the rose family, and there are hundreds of different types to be found throughout the European countryside. They have been culturally significant for centuries; Christian folklore stories hold that when the devil was thrown from heaven, he landed on a bramble bush. Their vigorous growth habit can tangle into native plants and take over.
Maples
The popular tree family known as maples change the color of their leaves in the fall. Many cultural traditions encourage people to watch the colors change, such as momijigari in Japan. Maples popular options for bonsai art. Alternately, their sap is used to create maple syrup.
Prunus
Prunus is a genus of flowering fruit trees that includes almonds, cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines, and apricots. These are often known as "stone fruits" because their pits are large seeds or "stones." When prunus trees are damaged, they exhibit "gummosis," a condition in which the tree's gum (similar to sap) is secreted to the bark to help heal external wounds.
Nightshades
Nightshades is a large and diverse genus of plants, with more than 1500 different types worldwide. This genus incorporates both important staple food crops like tomato, potato, and eggplant, but also dangerous poisonous plants from the nightshade family. The name was coined by Pliny the Elder almost two thousand years ago.
Roses
Most species of roses are shrubs or climbing plants that have showy flowers and sharp thorns. They are commonly cultivated for cut flowers or as ornamental plants in gardens due to their attractive appearance, pleasant fragrance, and cultural significance in many countries. The rose hips (fruits) can also be used in jams and teas.
Oaks
Oaks are among the world's longest-lived trees, sometimes growing for over 1,000 years! The oldest known oak tree is in the southern United States and is over 1,500 years old. Oaks produce an exceedingly popular type of wood which is used to make different products, from furniture and flooring to wine barrels and even cosmetic creams.
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About
Key Facts
Distribution
How To Care
All Species
More Genus
Fritillaries
Fritillaria
Fritillaries are a large group of mostly-spring flowering plants in the lily family—almost all species sport large, showy, nodding, bell-shaped flowers. Many species have become exceptionally popular as ornamentals, to the degree that native populations are now in danger due to overharvesting. Some species have been the subject of works of art and poetry for centuries, including several of Shakespeare's works. Many European crests and coats of arms also feature stylized fritillaries.
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Herb/Vine
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Key Facts About Fritillaries
Feedback
Attributes of Fritillaries
Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
5 - 32 ℃
Scientific Classification of Fritillaries
Distribution of Fritillaries
Feedback
Distribution Map of Fritillaries
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
How to Grow and Care for Fritillaries
Feedback
Fritillaries is a versatile plant genus renowned for its unique, bell-shaped blooms. Basic care needs include partial to full sunlight exposure, well-drained soils with a slight preference for alkaline conditions, and regular watering avoiding excessive moisture. Common challenges are pests like aphids or bulb mites and diseases such as root rot, especially if overwatered. Seasonal considerations exist primarily in spring and autumn; bulbs should be planted in autumn, then watered and fertilized lightly in spring.
How to Water Fritillaries?
What Are the Sunlight Requirements for Fritillaries?
How to Propagate Fritillaries?
How to Plant Fritillaries?
Exploring the Fritillaries Plants
Feedback
8 most common species：
Crown imperial
Regal crowns of flowers perch atop tall stems of the crown imperial, or Fritillaria imperialis. Bulbs can be planted in mass plantings, flowerbeds, and container gardens. These striking flowers grow from bulbs and bloom in early spring. The skunk-like fragrance is a great pest repellent.
Fritillaria verticillata thunbergii
As it is widely known in China, Zhe Bei Mu is a flowering plant farmed commercially for over 700 years as a medicine in the country. The plant's bulb is typically fried and candied, while the young leaves are prepared for food. This perennial herb is resistant to deer and rabbits but is vulnerable to slugs and lily beetles. They suit rock and container gardens.
Chequered daffodil
Chequered daffodil (Fritillaria meleagris), also known as Snake's head, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant belonging to the Lily family and native to Europe and western Asia. The attractive bell-shaped flower has an unusual checkered pattern, rarely seen in the plant world. The bulb contains toxic alkaloids.
Chocolate Lily
The flowers of chocolate Lily (Fritillaria camschatcensis) often emit a foul odor. This odor attracts flies, which help pollinate the plants. It thrives in moist soils that never dry out in both rainforests and areas along coasts.
Show More Species
All Species of Fritillaries
Crown imperial
Fritillaria verticillata thunbergii
Chequered daffodil
Chocolate Lily
Chocolate Lily
Persian fritillary
Pyrenean fritillary
Yellow fritillary
Involucrate fritillary
Scarlet fritillary
Iberian fritillary
Chocolate lily
Fritillaria maximowiczii
Crown imperial 'Brahms'
Persian fritillary 'Adiyaman'
Crown imperial 'Maxima Lutea'
Crown imperial 'Lutea'
Crown imperial 'Rubra'
Michael's flower
Spotted fritillary
Crown imperial 'Aurora'
Crown imperial 'Beethoven'
Turkmen fritillary
Persian fritillary 'Ivory Bells'
Yellow himalayan fritillary
Crown imperial 'Rubra Maxima'
Yellow fritillary
Caucasian frtillary
Fragrant fritillary
Golden snake's-head
More Popular Genus
Feedback
Dracaena
Dracaena are popular house plants that are easy to grow. They can tolerate low-light conditions and require little watering. Their leaves range from variegated to dark green. Their characteristic traits include woody stems that grow slowly but offer a striking appearance for small spaces such as apartments or offices.
Fig trees
Fig trees have been cultivated in many regions for their fruits, particularly the common fig, F. carica. Most of the species have edible fruits, although the common fig is the only one of commercial value. Fig trees are also important food sources for wildlife in the tropics, including monkeys, bats, and insects.
Brambles
Brambles are members of the rose family, and there are hundreds of different types to be found throughout the European countryside. They have been culturally significant for centuries; Christian folklore stories hold that when the devil was thrown from heaven, he landed on a bramble bush. Their vigorous growth habit can tangle into native plants and take over.
Maples
The popular tree family known as maples change the color of their leaves in the fall. Many cultural traditions encourage people to watch the colors change, such as momijigari in Japan. Maples popular options for bonsai art. Alternately, their sap is used to create maple syrup.
Prunus
Prunus is a genus of flowering fruit trees that includes almonds, cherries, plums, peaches, nectarines, and apricots. These are often known as "stone fruits" because their pits are large seeds or "stones." When prunus trees are damaged, they exhibit "gummosis," a condition in which the tree's gum (similar to sap) is secreted to the bark to help heal external wounds.
Nightshades
Nightshades is a large and diverse genus of plants, with more than 1500 different types worldwide. This genus incorporates both important staple food crops like tomato, potato, and eggplant, but also dangerous poisonous plants from the nightshade family. The name was coined by Pliny the Elder almost two thousand years ago.
Roses
Most species of roses are shrubs or climbing plants that have showy flowers and sharp thorns. They are commonly cultivated for cut flowers or as ornamental plants in gardens due to their attractive appearance, pleasant fragrance, and cultural significance in many countries. The rose hips (fruits) can also be used in jams and teas.
Oaks
Oaks are among the world's longest-lived trees, sometimes growing for over 1,000 years! The oldest known oak tree is in the southern United States and is over 1,500 years old. Oaks produce an exceedingly popular type of wood which is used to make different products, from furniture and flooring to wine barrels and even cosmetic creams.
Your Ultimate Guide to Plants
Identify grow and nurture the better way!
17,000 local species +400,000 global species studied
Nearly 5 years of research
80+ scholars in botany and gardening
Continue reading in our app - it's better
A database of 400000+ plants
unlimited guides at your fingertips...
unlimited guides at your fingertips...
