Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' has foliage with a deep green coloration and pale lavender flowers. This plant was cultivated from Hosta 'Halycon'. Due to its attractive foliage, gardeners will often use it as a ground cover or in planters.
Hardiness Zones
3 to 9
Care Guide for Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'
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Watering Care
Average water needs, watering when the top 3 cm of soil has dried out.
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Common Pests & Diseases About Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'
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Common issues for Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' based on 10 million real cases
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Branch withering
Branch withering is a disease affecting Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', characterized by the progressive drying and loss of branches. This disease impacts the plant's aesthetics and can significantly reduce its vigor and lifespan.
Slug or snails
Snails are a class of mollusks with hard shells into which their soft bodies can retract. Slugs are similar soft, fleshy mollusks but lack the shells. Both nibble at leaves and are regularly seen in wet or rainy conditions.
Solutions: If your plant has a serious problem: Choose commercial slug and snail baits. Those with iron phosphate as the active ingredient are fairly effective, killing them within a few days. These are considered safer for animals than baits containing metaldehyde. Baits should be spread out around plants at night and cleared away in the morning along with any dead pests as they can be toxic to birds and pets. If it is a less serious case, there are a number of organic approaches: Eliminate their hiding spots. It's the easiest way to control slugs and snails. Thick weeds, unused flower pots, boards, or stones are their favorite hiding spots. Hand-pick. You can also follow up with searching for them with a flashlight at night and picking them off plants. Board trap. Trap them by slightly propping up one end of a small board in your garden which will give them a place to hide (remove it and dispose of the pests during the day) Beer trap. Place a shallow dish of either beer or a mixture of 1 cup water with 1 teaspoon each active dry yeast and sugar buried up to the rim in your garden’s soil. Pests will fall in and drown.
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Solutions: Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers. For severe cases: Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects. Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans. Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps. For less severe cases: Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water. Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Branch withering
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Branch withering Disease on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'?
Branch withering is a disease affecting Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', characterized by the progressive drying and loss of branches. This disease impacts the plant's aesthetics and can significantly reduce its vigor and lifespan.
Symptom Analysis
On Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', symptoms include browning and brittle branches, leaf discoloration, and premature leaf drop. The disease prominently affects older branches first, gradually spreading inward.
What Causes Branch withering Disease on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'?
1
Fungal pathogens
Certain fungi colonize the branches, disrupting water and nutrient flow.
2
Environmental stress
Excessive heat, drought, or poor soil conditions can weaken Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' and make it more susceptible to infections.
How to Treat Branch withering Disease on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'?
1
Non pesticide
Pruning infected branches: Regularly remove infected branches to prevent spread to healthy parts.
Improving plant stress: Ensure optimal watering, shading during peak sun, and soil amendments to enhance health.
2
Pesticide
Fungicidal sprays: Apply approved fungicides in early stages of infection to curb disease progression.
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Slug or snails
Snails are a class of mollusks with hard shells into which their soft bodies can retract. Slugs are similar soft, fleshy mollusks but lack the shells. Both nibble at leaves and are regularly seen in wet or rainy conditions.
Symptom Analysis
Slugs and snails, two closely related pests, cause a great deal of feeding damage in gardens worldwide. They have rasping mouths that tear holes in leaves and flowers and are capable of consuming small plants entirely. They favor humid conditions, which means that they are generally active at night or on cloudy and rainy days.
Solutions
If your plant has a serious problem:
Choose commercial slug and snail baits. Those with iron phosphate as the active ingredient are fairly effective, killing them within a few days. These are considered safer for animals than baits containing metaldehyde.
Baits should be spread out around plants at night and cleared away in the morning along with any dead pests as they can be toxic to birds and pets.
If it is a less serious case, there are a number of organic approaches:
Eliminate their hiding spots. It's the easiest way to control slugs and snails. Thick weeds, unused flower pots, boards, or stones are their favorite hiding spots.
Hand-pick. You can also follow up with searching for them with a flashlight at night and picking them off plants.
Board trap. Trap them by slightly propping up one end of a small board in your garden which will give them a place to hide (remove it and dispose of the pests during the day)
Beer trap. Place a shallow dish of either beer or a mixture of 1 cup water with 1 teaspoon each active dry yeast and sugar buried up to the rim in your garden’s soil. Pests will fall in and drown.
Prevention
To prevent future damage, there are a number of effective non-chemical measures.
Create a gritty barrier. You can use agricultural-grade diatomaceous earth, corn or wheat bran, or coffee grounds on the soil around your plant; you must replenish it after it rains.
Set up a copper barrier. Snails and slugs can’t cross copper so copper tape can be made into a “fence” to protect your individual plant or seedlings.
Continue reading in our app - it's better
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
Leaf margins may turn yellow.
Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
Partial or complete premature defoliation
Reduced growth
Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
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Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Overview
Caterpillars can cause problems for home gardeners. If not managed, these insects can defoliate a plant in just a matter of days. However, home gardeners face a challenge because these caterpillars eventually turn into beautiful butterflies and moths, which are important for pollination and the general ecosystem.
There are thousands of different species of caterpillars and many will only target certain plants. If caterpillars are posing a problem, they can be removed by hand, or gardeners can use insect-proof netting to protect their valuable plants.
Symptom Analysis
Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. During the warmer months, butterflies and moths that visit gardens will lay their eggs on the underside of leaves.
When the tiny eggs hatch, the young larvae emerge and start feeding on the leaves of the plant. Depending on how many larvae have hatched, they can easily defoliate the plant in a very short period of time. Caterpillars will shed their skin as they grow, around 4 or 5 times during this feeding cycle.
Symptoms of caterpillars eating plants appear as holes in the leaves. The edges of the leaves may be eaten away as well, and flowers can be affected as well.
Some are easy to see, but others need to be searched for. This is because their bodies are often camouflaged to look like part of the plant. Gardeners need to look carefully along the stems of the plant as well as under the leaves. Also, look for tiny white, yellow, or brown eggs that can be found in groups on the underside of leaves.
Once the caterpillar is fully grown, it transforms into a pupa or chrysalis. Then, after a period of time that varies according to the species, a butterfly or moth will emerge from the pupa and the cycle begins again.
Solutions
Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers.
For severe cases:
Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects.
Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans.
Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps.
For less severe cases:
Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water.
Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
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Scan the QR code with your phone camera to download the app
More Info on Plantain Lilies 'devon Green' Growth and Care
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Basic Care Guide
Common Pests & Diseases
Transplant
18-24 inches
The prime time to transplant plantain lilies 'Devon Green' is from the tail end of spring stretching into the onset of summer, ensuring a balance of warm soil and cooler air for root establishment. Choose a shady spot with moist, well-draining soil. Careful handling of roots during the process promotes robust growth.
A perennial favorite known for its lush foliage and shade tolerance, plantain lilies 'Devon Green' flourish with minimal maintenance. Prune dead or damaged leaves any time to maintain aesthetics. Early spring and late winter are ideal for cutting back dead foliage from previous seasons to encourage new growth. Avoid pruning healthy leaves, as they are crucial photosynthesis. Regular removal of spent flowers can promote healthier, denser foliage, enhancing plantain lilies 'Devon Green''s ornamental appeal.
This perennial favorite thrives in shaded gardens and is renowned for its lush foliage and hardiness. Propagation is most effectively achieved through division, ideally performed in the spring when the shoots are emerging. Gardeners should carefully uproot plantain lilies 'Devon Green', keeping the root mass intact. For best results, each division should contain 2-3 shoots with accompanying roots, ensuring quick establishment. Replant the divisions at the same depth they were originally growing to foster robust development. Careful attention to watering and minimal disturbance will help the new plants to thrive.
Branch withering is a disease affecting Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', characterized by the progressive drying and loss of branches. This disease impacts the plant's aesthetics and can significantly reduce its vigor and lifespan.
Read More
Non-base branch withering
Non-base branch withering primarily affects Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', characterized by sudden browning and desiccation of the branches. The disease disrupts the aesthetic and health of the plant, influencing its longevity and bloom potential.
Read More
Mealybug
Mealybug, a pest typically affecting 'Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'', causes significant damage including leaf discoloration and growth stunting. Control methods include both non-chemical and chemical treatments to protect and treat the plants.
Read More
Leaf white mold
Leaf white mold is a fungal disease that affects Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', leading to unsightly damage and potential health decline. It threatens aesthetics and vigor by manifesting as white, cottony growths on leaves and stems.
Read More
Leaf tip withering
Leaf tip withering in Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' is a condition which leads to the drying out and gradual death of leaf tips. This issue may reduce the plant's aesthetic and health, affecting photosynthesis and growth.
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Leaf yellowing
Leaf yellowing in Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' is a condition where foliage loses green pigmentation, affecting the plant's photosynthesis and aesthetic appeal, potentially indicating nutrient deficiency or disease.
Read More
Flower withering
Flower withering is a devastating disease affecting Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', causing a progressive deterioration of the plant’s health. Impacted plants typically exhibit withered flowers, stunted growth, and increased susceptibility to pests and environmental stressors.
Read More
Wounds
Wounds on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' can be caused by abrasion, pests, or improper cultural practices, leading to unsightly damage and potential vulnerability to secondary infections that can further compromise plant health.
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Yellow edges
Yellow edges is a disorder affecting the foliage of Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', mainly causing discoloration and degradation of leaf margins. This condition can stress the plant, reducing aesthetic value and vigor.
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Whole leaf withering
Whole leaf withering' is a common disease that affects several types of plants, including Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'. The disease causes serious disfigurement of the plant foliage and can greatly impact its overall health and aesthetics.
Read More
Dark blotch
Dark blotch is a fungal disease impacting the Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', leading to discolored patches on leaves. It potentially weakens plant health, yet is non-lethal. Timely identification and management are crucial to ensure the plant's vitality.
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Black mold
Black mold, a fungal infection, primarily affects Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' by discoloring leaves and stifling plant growth. This disease could lead to reduced vigor and, in severe cases, death of the plant.
Read More
Leaf rot
Leaf rot is a harmful fungal disease which potentially impairs Plantain lilies 'Devon Green''s overall health and aesthetic value. The disease can result into Plantain lilies 'Devon Green''s leaves discoloring, wilting, and premature dying. Treatment and prevention is feasible through cultural practices and chemical methods.
Read More
Flower wilting
Flower wilting in Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' is a detrimental condition where the plant's blooms wither and die prematurely. Caused by various pathogens and environmental factors, this disease can severely affect the plant's health, aesthetics, and longevity if left untreated.
Read More
Spots
Spots on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' leaves cause aesthetic and physiological damage. The disease can lead to chlorophyll loss, reducing photosynthesis, and severe infections may weaken the plant.
Read More
Leaf wilting
Leaf wilting in 'Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'' is a condition causing hosta leaves to droop and lose turgidity, affecting plant vigor and aesthetics. It is typically indicative of larger issues, such as water stress or disease.
Read More
Leaf drooping
Leaf drooping, a prevalent condition in Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', most commonly results from inadequate water supply, root issues, or environmental stressors. This condition impairs the plant's aesthetic value and can severely affect health if unresolved.
Read More
Notch
Notch disease significantly impacts the health of 'Hosta Devon Green', causing characteristic necrotic notches on leaf edges. This disease affects plant vitality and aesthetic value.
Read More
Whole plant withering
Whole plant withering devastatingly affects the vitality of Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', causing rapid decline and eventual death. This disease affects the functional processes, primarily photosynthesis and nutrient absorption.
Read More
Dark spots
Dark spots on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' typically manifest as irregular dark markings, hampering the aesthetic appeal and potentially weakening plant vitality. Prompt management is crucial to sustain plant health.
Read More
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About
Care Guide
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Pests & Diseases
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Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'
Hosta 'Devon Green'
Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' has foliage with a deep green coloration and pale lavender flowers. This plant was cultivated from Hosta 'Halycon'. Due to its attractive foliage, gardeners will often use it as a ground cover or in planters.
Hardiness Zones
3 to 9
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Common Pests & Diseases About Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'
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Common issues for Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' based on 10 million real cases
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Branch withering
Branch withering is a disease affecting Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', characterized by the progressive drying and loss of branches. This disease impacts the plant's aesthetics and can significantly reduce its vigor and lifespan.
Learn More About the Branch withering
Slug or snails
Snails are a class of mollusks with hard shells into which their soft bodies can retract. Slugs are similar soft, fleshy mollusks but lack the shells. Both nibble at leaves and are regularly seen in wet or rainy conditions.
Solutions: If your plant has a serious problem: Choose commercial slug and snail baits. Those with iron phosphate as the active ingredient are fairly effective, killing them within a few days. These are considered safer for animals than baits containing metaldehyde. Baits should be spread out around plants at night and cleared away in the morning along with any dead pests as they can be toxic to birds and pets. If it is a less serious case, there are a number of organic approaches: Eliminate their hiding spots. It's the easiest way to control slugs and snails. Thick weeds, unused flower pots, boards, or stones are their favorite hiding spots. Hand-pick. You can also follow up with searching for them with a flashlight at night and picking them off plants. Board trap. Trap them by slightly propping up one end of a small board in your garden which will give them a place to hide (remove it and dispose of the pests during the day) Beer trap. Place a shallow dish of either beer or a mixture of 1 cup water with 1 teaspoon each active dry yeast and sugar buried up to the rim in your garden’s soil. Pests will fall in and drown.
Learn More About the Slug or snails
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Learn More About the Brown spot
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Solutions: Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers. For severe cases: Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects. Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans. Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps. For less severe cases: Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water. Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Learn More About the Caterpillars
Branch withering
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Branch withering Disease on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'?
Branch withering is a disease affecting Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', characterized by the progressive drying and loss of branches. This disease impacts the plant's aesthetics and can significantly reduce its vigor and lifespan.
Symptom Analysis
On Plantain lilies 'Devon Green', symptoms include browning and brittle branches, leaf discoloration, and premature leaf drop. The disease prominently affects older branches first, gradually spreading inward.
What Causes Branch withering Disease on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'?
1
Fungal pathogens
Certain fungi colonize the branches, disrupting water and nutrient flow.
2
Environmental stress
Excessive heat, drought, or poor soil conditions can weaken Plantain lilies 'Devon Green' and make it more susceptible to infections.
How to Treat Branch withering Disease on Plantain lilies 'Devon Green'?
1
Non pesticide
Pruning infected branches: Regularly remove infected branches to prevent spread to healthy parts.
Improving plant stress: Ensure optimal watering, shading during peak sun, and soil amendments to enhance health.
2
Pesticide
Fungicidal sprays: Apply approved fungicides in early stages of infection to curb disease progression.
Continue reading in our app - it's better
A database of 400000+ plants unlimited guides at your fingertips...
Slug or snails
Snails are a class of mollusks with hard shells into which their soft bodies can retract. Slugs are similar soft, fleshy mollusks but lack the shells. Both nibble at leaves and are regularly seen in wet or rainy conditions.
Symptom Analysis
Slugs and snails, two closely related pests, cause a great deal of feeding damage in gardens worldwide. They have rasping mouths that tear holes in leaves and flowers and are capable of consuming small plants entirely. They favor humid conditions, which means that they are generally active at night or on cloudy and rainy days.
Solutions
If your plant has a serious problem:
Choose commercial slug and snail baits. Those with iron phosphate as the active ingredient are fairly effective, killing them within a few days. These are considered safer for animals than baits containing metaldehyde.
Baits should be spread out around plants at night and cleared away in the morning along with any dead pests as they can be toxic to birds and pets.
If it is a less serious case, there are a number of organic approaches:
Eliminate their hiding spots. It's the easiest way to control slugs and snails. Thick weeds, unused flower pots, boards, or stones are their favorite hiding spots.
Hand-pick. You can also follow up with searching for them with a flashlight at night and picking them off plants.
Board trap. Trap them by slightly propping up one end of a small board in your garden which will give them a place to hide (remove it and dispose of the pests during the day)
Beer trap. Place a shallow dish of either beer or a mixture of 1 cup water with 1 teaspoon each active dry yeast and sugar buried up to the rim in your garden’s soil. Pests will fall in and drown.
Prevention
To prevent future damage, there are a number of effective non-chemical measures.
Create a gritty barrier. You can use agricultural-grade diatomaceous earth, corn or wheat bran, or coffee grounds on the soil around your plant; you must replenish it after it rains.
Set up a copper barrier. Snails and slugs can’t cross copper so copper tape can be made into a “fence” to protect your individual plant or seedlings.
Continue reading in our app - it's better
A database of 400000+ plants unlimited guides at your fingertips...
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
Leaf margins may turn yellow.
Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
Partial or complete premature defoliation
Reduced growth
Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
Solutions
In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary.
Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading.
Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear.
Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread.
Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Prevention
Like many other diseases, it is easier to prevent brown spot than cure it, and this is done through cultural practices.
Clear fall leaves from the ground before winter to minimize places where fungi and bacteria can overwinter.
Maintain good air movement between plants through proper plant spacing.
Increase air circulation through the center of plants through pruning.
Thoroughly clean all pruning tools after working with diseased plants.
Never dispose of disease plant material in a compost pile.
Avoid overhead watering to keep moisture off of the foliage.
Keep plants healthy by providing adequate sunlight, water, and fertilizer.
Continue reading in our app - it's better
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Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Overview
Caterpillars can cause problems for home gardeners. If not managed, these insects can defoliate a plant in just a matter of days. However, home gardeners face a challenge because these caterpillars eventually turn into beautiful butterflies and moths, which are important for pollination and the general ecosystem.
There are thousands of different species of caterpillars and many will only target certain plants. If caterpillars are posing a problem, they can be removed by hand, or gardeners can use insect-proof netting to protect their valuable plants.
Symptom Analysis
Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. During the warmer months, butterflies and moths that visit gardens will lay their eggs on the underside of leaves.
When the tiny eggs hatch, the young larvae emerge and start feeding on the leaves of the plant. Depending on how many larvae have hatched, they can easily defoliate the plant in a very short period of time. Caterpillars will shed their skin as they grow, around 4 or 5 times during this feeding cycle.
Symptoms of caterpillars eating plants appear as holes in the leaves. The edges of the leaves may be eaten away as well, and flowers can be affected as well.
Some are easy to see, but others need to be searched for. This is because their bodies are often camouflaged to look like part of the plant. Gardeners need to look carefully along the stems of the plant as well as under the leaves. Also, look for tiny white, yellow, or brown eggs that can be found in groups on the underside of leaves.
Once the caterpillar is fully grown, it transforms into a pupa or chrysalis. Then, after a period of time that varies according to the species, a butterfly or moth will emerge from the pupa and the cycle begins again.
Solutions
Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers.
For severe cases:
Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects.
Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans.
Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps.
For less severe cases:
Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water.
Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Prevention
Prevention may require less effort than attempts to eradicate infestations that have already begun. Here are our top steps for prevention:
Monitor plants. Check plants regularly for caterpillar eggs on leaves. If they do not belong to an endangered species, they should be squished.
Use insect netting. Cover plants with insect netting to prevent butterflies and moths from laying eggs on plants.
Apply diatomaceous earth. Apply DE to plants early in the season and reapply after rain.
Encourage plant diversity. This will attract predatory insects including parasitic wasps.
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