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Yam bean
Yam bean
Yam bean
Yam bean
Pachyrhizus erosus
Also known as : Turnip tree, Jicama
Planting Time
Planting Time
Spring
care guide

Care Guide for Yam bean

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Soil Care
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Sand, Loam, Clay
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Ideal Lighting
Ideal Lighting
Full sun
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Ideal Temperature
10 to 12
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Spring
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Yam bean
Sunlight
Sunlight
Full sun
Hardiness Zones
Hardiness Zones
10 to 12
Planting Time
Planting Time
Spring
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Questions About Yam bean

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Watering Watering Watering
Sunlight Sunlight Sunlight
Temperature Temperature Temperature
Fertilizing Fertilizing Fertilizing
What is the best way to water my Yam bean?
Not only does the Yam bean have certain preferences regarding how much water it receives, but it also cares deeply about how you provide that water. In fact, if you don't use the proper watering technique, you risk harming your tomatoes. The best way to water Yam bean is to apply the water directly to the soil in a slow and gentle manner. You should not pour all of the water into the soil at once, and you should not do overhead watering for your Yam bean. Although you should water slowly, you should also water deeply to ensure that all of the soil in which your Yam bean grows is sufficiently moist.
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What should I do if I water my Yam bean too much or too little?
If you find that you have overwatered your Yam bean and you are concerned about the associated risk of disease, you should intervene immediately. Often the best approach for an overwatered Yam bean is to uproot it from its current growing location. Once the plant is out of the ground, you can allow its roots to dry a bit before planting it in a new growing location. Ensure that the new growing location has soil with good drainage. If you grow in pots, you may also want to move your plant to a pot with more or larger drainage holes. In the case of underwatering, all you will need to do is increase the frequency with which you supply water to your plant.
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How often should I water my Yam bean?
Overall, Yam bean requires a significant amount of water throughout the growing season. To meet that high water need, you'll need to water early and often throughout the spring and summer. During the earlier parts of the growing season, you should water your Yam bean about once or twice per week. As the season progresses, you should increase your watering frequency. You may need to water it twice per day or more during summer, depending on the weather. After your Yam bean have gone through their major seasonal growth phases, you can reduce the frequency of your watering to about once per week until the end of the growing season.
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How much water does my Yam bean need?
Since Yam bean are incredibly popular, with many professional and amateur gardeners growing them successfully, we have a pretty clear idea of how to care for these plants. That understanding includes specific knowledge about the precise volume of water an average Yam bean should receive. Generally, Yam bean will require about 1 - 1.5 inches of water per week. That volume should be dispersed evenly through your weekly watering. As the weather gets warmer, you may need to supply more water, but in most cases, two inches per week is a good baseline amount.
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How can I tell if i'm watering my Yam bean enough?
Underwatering and overwatering can both occur as problems for your Yam bean, and both these problems can manifest with similar symptoms. For example, foliage discoloration and wilting can both result from either overwatering or underwatering. When your Yam bean is underwatered, its leaves will be curling and drooping at the beginning. You will see a bunch of leaves turn less vigorous. Underwatering is also likely to cause stunted growth and poor overall development as both the flowers and this plant require a high amount of water. Overwatering is more likely to lead to disease, including rot. Overwatering may also lead to unpleasant smells rising from your plant's soil. The symptoms of underwatering will show up quicker than overwatering. Overwatering can also be evident in soil conditions. Mainly, if you notice a lot of standing water or waterlogged soils, overwatering is likely to occur.
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How should I water my Yam bean through the seasons?
As alluded to above, your Yam bean's water needs will repeatedly change throughout the seasons. During most of spring and summer, you should water your Yam bean about once every week. As the heat of summer arrives, you should plan to increase your watering frequency to once or twice per day. In the late summer and fall, towards the end of the harvest period, you can reduce your watering frequency to about once per week. After harvest has ended, you can cease watering as your Yam bean has reached the end of its life cycle and will require no further soil moisture. The maintenance schedule of Yam bean will require you to alter the amount of water you provide depending on the plant's current growth stage. Early on, especially if you grow your Yam bean from seeds, you'll need to provide water often enough to maintain consistent soil moisture, which encourages root development. When the plant becomes old enough to produce flowers, it will likely need even more water. During the fruit development growth stage, your Yam bean will likely need the most water out of any growth period, at times requiring water more than twice per day. Following that phase, the water needs of Yam bean will decline significantly.
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What's the difference between watering Yam bean indoors and outdoors?
Whether you grow Yam bean indoors or outdoors can also play a role in how you water them. Yam bean that grows outdoors may receive water from natural rainfall, which will reduce the amount of supplemental water you should supply. However, it is incredibly rare for rainfall to adequately replace your watering entirely. Plants that grow indoors, along with any Yam bean that grows in a container, will need to be watered more frequently than those that grow in the ground outdoors. If you choose this route, please make sure that the plant gets enough water by checking the soil moisture within your pot often to keep your Yam bean healthy.
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Key Facts About Yam bean

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Attributes of Yam bean

Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Herb, Vine
Planting Time
Spring
Bloom Time
Fall
Plant Height
30 cm to 61 cm
Spread
6 m to 8 m
Flower Size
15 cm to 30 cm
Flower Color
Purple
Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
20 - 38 ℃

Scientific Classification of Yam bean

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pests

Common Pests & Diseases About Yam bean

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Common issues for Yam bean based on 10 million real cases
Fruit withering
Fruit withering Fruit withering
Fruit withering
Fungal infection or normal ripening can cause the fruit to dry out.
Solutions: There are a number of appropriate solutions to control fruit withering: Remove any fruit as soon as it shows any signs of infection. Do not compost. Use a fungicide prior to leaf bud and then as per manufacturers instructions throughout the season.
Fruit deformity
Fruit deformity Fruit deformity
Fruit deformity
Fruit deformities can have a variety of causes.
Solutions: You will not be able to solve this problem with fruit that is already distorted, but there are a few ways to cope with fruit deformity: Deformed areas may be cut out of edible fruit. If distortion is extreme, remove affected specimens from the plant so that other fruit have more room to grow, and so these less desirable fruit don't waste valuable nutrients.
Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.
Solutions: For less serious cases: Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread. To treat more serious infestations: Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions. Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.
Brown spot
Brown spot Brown spot
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
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Fruit withering
plant poor
Fruit withering
Fungal infection or normal ripening can cause the fruit to dry out.
Overview
Overview
Fruit withering is common on many tree fruits, including apples, pears, peaches, cherries, and plums, as well as fruiting shrubs. It is caused by a fungal pathogen and will result in wrinkled and desiccated fruit.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Here are the most common symptoms in the order that they are likely to occur.
  1. Both leaves and blossom on the tips of branches will go brown and wither.
  2. Gray powdery patches will appear on infected leaves and flowers, and this will be most apparent after rain.
  3. Any fruit that does appear will turn wrinkled and fail to develop.
  4. Branch tips begin to die, progressing back to larger branches, causing general deterioration of the tree or plant.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
The withering is caused by one of two fungal pathogens, one called Monilina laxa and the other called M. fructigen. The spores overwinter on infected plant material and are then spread the following spring by wind, rain, or animal vectors. The problem will start to become noticeable in mid-spring, but will increase in severity as summer progresses and the fungus grows. If not addressed, the disease will intensify and spread to other plants in the vicinity.
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Fruit deformity
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Fruit deformity
Fruit deformities can have a variety of causes.
Overview
Overview
Fruit deformity may be caused by several different factors. Distorted growth of fruit can be quite pronounced and very different from the normal fruit that a grower would expect from the relevant plant. Common causes are inadequate or intermittent watering, poor pollination, sudden changes in temperature, insect damage while fruit is forming, or insufficient nutrients. All fruits are susceptible to this condition if their growing conditions are not met or if they are only partially pollinated.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Symptoms of fruit deformity vary from fruit to fruit and also by cause, but here are some of the more common ones.
  • Cat facing. Various parts of the fruit grow more quickly than others, resulting in a scarred or crinkled appearance. This is common in grapes, pears, peaches, and tomatoes.
  • Nubby tips. The tips of the fruit are distorted or forked. Common in strawberries.
  • Defect ridging. Scar-like growth on the exterior of the plant that extends inwards to the fruit. Common on avocados.
  • Scabs. Hard brown to black leathery patches that distort fruit. Common with apples.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Several factors may contribute to fruit deformity:
  • Poor pollination: Insects pollinate fruit by spreading pollen throughout the flower's ovules (ovaries). If they miss some of these ovules, they won't fully develop. This can lead to misshapen fruit that is often pointy and wrinkled on the blossom end.
  • Watering changes: If a plant has been growing in drought conditions and then suddenly gets more water, the fruit may grow too quickly and split from the stress. Soft fruits can also split if rain falls on the fruit shortly before harvest, as the cuticle absorbs the water and bursts.
  • Temperature extremes: Excessive heat or cold can harm flowers before they have a chance to be fully fertilized, which may result in half-formed fruits. Early season frosts are a primary cause.
  • Lack of nutrients: Many nutrient deficiencies cause stunted fruit. For example, too little boron or calcium will lead to misshapen apples and strawberries.
  • Insect damage: Some insects, like tarnished plant bugs (lygus bugs), feed on young fruits and can prevent them from forming correctly.
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Leaf beetles
plant poor
Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.
Overview
Overview
Leaf beetles range in size from 1.5 mm to 2 cm. Both adult beetles and their larvae eat the leaves of many different types of plants. There are over 35,000 different species of leaf beetles, in a variety of colors including gold, green, yellow-striped, and red striped. Some of these have been mistaken for ladybirds because of their shape and coloring. They can be oval, round, or elongated in shape. These insect pests are most active in spring and summer.
If not controlled, leaf beetles can do a lot of damage to vegetable crops and ornamental plants. They feed on the leaves, flowers, stems, roots, and fruits of different plants. They can fly, which means it's easy for them to move from one plant to another. Some species of leaf beetles only target one specific crop, while others will target many different types of plants. Although a lot of the damage that they cause is cosmetic, an infestation can weaken a plant and leave it prone to other more problematic diseases.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
The first signs of a leaf beetles infestation are small visible holes in leaves. Leaves then become discolored and dark beetle droppings can be seen. As the leaves turn yellow and brown, they will drop off the plant onto the ground. Some leaves will appear skeletonized with only the veins still remaining.
Infestation begins in spring, when the adult beetles emerge from the soil and lay their eggs on the leaves of plants. When these eggs hatch, the young nymphs start munching on the leaves as they grow up. Once leaf beetles are large and mature, they'll fall to the ground and pupate in the soil over winter before starting the cycle all over again.
Leaf beetles also eat holes in fruits and vegetables. These can be seen as small round holes that sometimes have a larger brown area surrounding them.
Solutions
Solutions
For less serious cases:
  1. Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread.
To treat more serious infestations:
  1. Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions.
  2. Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.
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Brown spot
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
  • Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
  • Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
  • May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
  • Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
  • Leaf margins may turn yellow.
  • Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
  • Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
  • The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
  • Partial or complete premature defoliation
  • Reduced growth
  • Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
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Distribution of Yam bean

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Habitat of Yam bean

Edges of deciduous forests and scrub vegetation.
Northern Hemisphere
South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Yam bean

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Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
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More Info on Yam Bean Growth and Care

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Basic Care Guide
Lighting
Full sun
Yam bean thrives in environments where there is strong and plentiful light throughout the day. This enhances the health and vitality of the plant by promoting robust growth and development. If planted in areas with insufficient light, its growth might be jeopardized. Nevertheless, it does not necessitate different sun intensities at different growth stages.
Best Sunlight Practices
Temperature
5 - 43 ℃
Yam bean is native to regions where temperatures mainly fall between 68 to 100 °F (20 to 38 ℃). It thrives best in these warm conditions. Adjustments may be necessary during colder months to maintain this temperature range.
Temp for Healthy Growth
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Plants Related to Yam bean

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American chestnut
American chestnut
American chestnut is a rapidly growing deciduous hardwood tree, historically reaching up to 30 m in height. It was once considered one of the most important forest trees in its habitat but was nearly completely wiped out by chestnut blight early in the twentieth century. Today, very few mature trees remain, although small shoots are plentiful.
Yellow daisy
Yellow daisy
Yellow daisy is an annual herb that is part of the daisy family. It is a popular choice for containers, gardens, and flower arrangements. Though the flowering plant is native to Algeria, it has been introduced in regions throughout the world. Handling the plant can cause skin irritation.
Wild onion
Wild onion
Like most other species within its genus, the juice of the wild onion can be converted into a repellent against moths. Legumes struggle to grow in the presence of wild onion, but most other plants do just fine.
Wild onion
Wild onion
The shallot was formerly classified as a separate species, A. ascalonicum, a name now considered a synonym of the currently accepted name.
Wild olive
Wild olive
Bontia daphnoides is a shrub or small tree sometimes growing to a height of 6 m with a trunk up to 15 cm in diameter. Its leaves are arranged alternately, mostly 5 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, elliptic in shape with a mid-vein visible on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged singly in the axils of leaves on a stalk 1.5 to 2 cm long. Flowers are present for most of the year and are followed by fruits which are roughly spherical with a small beak, pale yellow at first but drying to brown.
White spruce
White spruce
White spruce (Picea glauca) is a tree native to North America and growing widely throughout Alaska and Canada. White spruce is the symbolic tree of Canada's Manitoba province and the state of South Dakota in the United States. Commercially, its wood is used to make paper and materials for construction projects. This tree can be grown as a bonsai.
Cape jasmine
Cape jasmine
Gardenia jasminoides is an evergreen shrub with unique, glossy evergreen leaves and stunning flowers. The sophisticated, matte white flowers are often used in bouquets. The exceptional beauty of this ornamental plant has made it a popular and highly appreciated plant amongst gardeners and horticulturalists.
Golden pothos
Golden pothos
The golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum) is a popular houseplant that is commonly seen in Australia, Asia, and the West Indies. It goes by many nicknames, including "devil's ivy", because it is so hard to kill and can even grow in low light conditions. Golden pothos has poisonous sap, so it should be kept away from pets and children.
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Yam bean
Yam bean
Yam bean
Yam bean
Pachyrhizus erosus
Also known as: Turnip tree, Jicama
Planting Time
Planting Time
Spring
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Care Guide for Yam bean

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Questions About Yam bean

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Watering Watering Watering
Sunlight Sunlight Sunlight
Temperature Temperature Temperature
Fertilizing Fertilizing Fertilizing
What is the best way to water my Yam bean?
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What should I do if I water my Yam bean too much or too little?
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How often should I water my Yam bean?
more
How much water does my Yam bean need?
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How can I tell if i'm watering my Yam bean enough?
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How should I water my Yam bean through the seasons?
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What's the difference between watering Yam bean indoors and outdoors?
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Key Facts About Yam bean

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Attributes of Yam bean

Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Herb, Vine
Planting Time
Spring
Bloom Time
Fall
Plant Height
30 cm to 61 cm
Spread
6 m to 8 m
Flower Size
15 cm to 30 cm
Flower Color
Purple
Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
20 - 38 ℃
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Scientific Classification of Yam bean

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Common Pests & Diseases About Yam bean

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Common issues for Yam bean based on 10 million real cases
Fruit withering
Fruit withering Fruit withering Fruit withering
Fungal infection or normal ripening can cause the fruit to dry out.
Solutions: There are a number of appropriate solutions to control fruit withering: Remove any fruit as soon as it shows any signs of infection. Do not compost. Use a fungicide prior to leaf bud and then as per manufacturers instructions throughout the season.
Learn More About the Fruit withering more
Fruit deformity
Fruit deformity Fruit deformity Fruit deformity
Fruit deformities can have a variety of causes.
Solutions: You will not be able to solve this problem with fruit that is already distorted, but there are a few ways to cope with fruit deformity: Deformed areas may be cut out of edible fruit. If distortion is extreme, remove affected specimens from the plant so that other fruit have more room to grow, and so these less desirable fruit don't waste valuable nutrients.
Learn More About the Fruit deformity more
Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles Leaf beetles Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.
Solutions: For less serious cases: Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread. To treat more serious infestations: Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions. Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.
Learn More About the Leaf beetles more
Brown spot
Brown spot Brown spot Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Learn More About the Brown spot more
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Fruit withering
plant poor
Fruit withering
Fungal infection or normal ripening can cause the fruit to dry out.
Overview
Overview
Fruit withering is common on many tree fruits, including apples, pears, peaches, cherries, and plums, as well as fruiting shrubs. It is caused by a fungal pathogen and will result in wrinkled and desiccated fruit.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Here are the most common symptoms in the order that they are likely to occur.
  1. Both leaves and blossom on the tips of branches will go brown and wither.
  2. Gray powdery patches will appear on infected leaves and flowers, and this will be most apparent after rain.
  3. Any fruit that does appear will turn wrinkled and fail to develop.
  4. Branch tips begin to die, progressing back to larger branches, causing general deterioration of the tree or plant.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
The withering is caused by one of two fungal pathogens, one called Monilina laxa and the other called M. fructigen. The spores overwinter on infected plant material and are then spread the following spring by wind, rain, or animal vectors. The problem will start to become noticeable in mid-spring, but will increase in severity as summer progresses and the fungus grows. If not addressed, the disease will intensify and spread to other plants in the vicinity.
Solutions
Solutions
There are a number of appropriate solutions to control fruit withering:
  1. Remove any fruit as soon as it shows any signs of infection. Do not compost.
  2. Use a fungicide prior to leaf bud and then as per manufacturers instructions throughout the season.
Prevention
Prevention
Preventative measures include:
  1. Ensuring adequate spacing between plants or trees.
  2. Staking plants that are prone to tumbling to prevent moisture or humidity build up.
  3. Prune correctly so that there is adequate air movement and remove any dead or diseased branches that may carry spores.
  4. Practice good plant hygiene by removing fallen material and destroying it as soon as possible.
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Fruit deformity
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Fruit deformity
Fruit deformities can have a variety of causes.
Overview
Overview
Fruit deformity may be caused by several different factors. Distorted growth of fruit can be quite pronounced and very different from the normal fruit that a grower would expect from the relevant plant. Common causes are inadequate or intermittent watering, poor pollination, sudden changes in temperature, insect damage while fruit is forming, or insufficient nutrients. All fruits are susceptible to this condition if their growing conditions are not met or if they are only partially pollinated.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
Symptoms of fruit deformity vary from fruit to fruit and also by cause, but here are some of the more common ones.
  • Cat facing. Various parts of the fruit grow more quickly than others, resulting in a scarred or crinkled appearance. This is common in grapes, pears, peaches, and tomatoes.
  • Nubby tips. The tips of the fruit are distorted or forked. Common in strawberries.
  • Defect ridging. Scar-like growth on the exterior of the plant that extends inwards to the fruit. Common on avocados.
  • Scabs. Hard brown to black leathery patches that distort fruit. Common with apples.
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Several factors may contribute to fruit deformity:
  • Poor pollination: Insects pollinate fruit by spreading pollen throughout the flower's ovules (ovaries). If they miss some of these ovules, they won't fully develop. This can lead to misshapen fruit that is often pointy and wrinkled on the blossom end.
  • Watering changes: If a plant has been growing in drought conditions and then suddenly gets more water, the fruit may grow too quickly and split from the stress. Soft fruits can also split if rain falls on the fruit shortly before harvest, as the cuticle absorbs the water and bursts.
  • Temperature extremes: Excessive heat or cold can harm flowers before they have a chance to be fully fertilized, which may result in half-formed fruits. Early season frosts are a primary cause.
  • Lack of nutrients: Many nutrient deficiencies cause stunted fruit. For example, too little boron or calcium will lead to misshapen apples and strawberries.
  • Insect damage: Some insects, like tarnished plant bugs (lygus bugs), feed on young fruits and can prevent them from forming correctly.
Solutions
Solutions
You will not be able to solve this problem with fruit that is already distorted, but there are a few ways to cope with fruit deformity:
  1. Deformed areas may be cut out of edible fruit.
  2. If distortion is extreme, remove affected specimens from the plant so that other fruit have more room to grow, and so these less desirable fruit don't waste valuable nutrients.
Prevention
Prevention
There are many steps that can be taken to prevent fruit deformity.
  • Create pollinator-friendly habitat space: Proper pollination leads to beautiful fruits and vegetables. Encourage bees and other insects by planting pollinator-friendly flowers nearby. If necessary, a gardener can pollinate flowers by hand using a small paintbrush to transfer pollen from other flowers.
  • Protect plants from early frost: When frost is in the forecast, bring flowering plants indoors or protect them with a frost cloth or a row cover.
  • Check for insect damage: As the plant's fruits first form, inspect them regularly for signs of tarnished plant bugs and other pests. Sticky traps may prevent the insects from reaching the plants, and surrounding weeds that create habitat space for pests should be removed. Don't spray insecticide if the plant still has flowers, as this might harm visiting pollinators.
  • Prevent overwatering: Squash and melons are susceptible to splitting if they get too much water right before they ripen. Ensure that fruiting plants get adequate amounts of water throughout the full growing season to prevent stress in the last few weeks.
  • Add fertilizer: Stave off nutrient deficiencies with a dose of fertilizer that contains boron at the time of planting. A slow-release fertilizer may be a good choice to provide a steady supply of nutrients.
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Leaf beetles
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Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.
Overview
Overview
Leaf beetles range in size from 1.5 mm to 2 cm. Both adult beetles and their larvae eat the leaves of many different types of plants. There are over 35,000 different species of leaf beetles, in a variety of colors including gold, green, yellow-striped, and red striped. Some of these have been mistaken for ladybirds because of their shape and coloring. They can be oval, round, or elongated in shape. These insect pests are most active in spring and summer.
If not controlled, leaf beetles can do a lot of damage to vegetable crops and ornamental plants. They feed on the leaves, flowers, stems, roots, and fruits of different plants. They can fly, which means it's easy for them to move from one plant to another. Some species of leaf beetles only target one specific crop, while others will target many different types of plants. Although a lot of the damage that they cause is cosmetic, an infestation can weaken a plant and leave it prone to other more problematic diseases.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
The first signs of a leaf beetles infestation are small visible holes in leaves. Leaves then become discolored and dark beetle droppings can be seen. As the leaves turn yellow and brown, they will drop off the plant onto the ground. Some leaves will appear skeletonized with only the veins still remaining.
Infestation begins in spring, when the adult beetles emerge from the soil and lay their eggs on the leaves of plants. When these eggs hatch, the young nymphs start munching on the leaves as they grow up. Once leaf beetles are large and mature, they'll fall to the ground and pupate in the soil over winter before starting the cycle all over again.
Leaf beetles also eat holes in fruits and vegetables. These can be seen as small round holes that sometimes have a larger brown area surrounding them.
Solutions
Solutions
For less serious cases:
  1. Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread.
To treat more serious infestations:
  1. Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions.
  2. Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.
Prevention
Prevention
To prevent infestations of leaf beetles, follow these practices.
  1. Regularly check for beetles. To prevent large pest infestations, be proactive about frequently checking plants for pests and removing them quickly.
  2. Clear debris. Clear weeds and debris to remove areas where these beetles may overwinter and hide.
  3. Attract natural predators. Birds and other insects, such as wasps and ladybugs, are effective natural predators of leaf beetles. Encourage them to visit by including a diverse array of plants to provide habitat and food. Also, avoid applying broad-spectrum herbicides that can harm and kill beneficial insects.
  4. Plant aromatic herbs like mint, garlic, or rosemary, as these can repel leaf beetles.
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Brown spot
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
  • Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
  • Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
  • May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
  • Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
  • Leaf margins may turn yellow.
  • Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
  • Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
  • The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
  • Partial or complete premature defoliation
  • Reduced growth
  • Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
Solutions
Solutions
In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary.
Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading.
  1. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear.
  2. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread.
  3. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Prevention
Prevention
Like many other diseases, it is easier to prevent brown spot than cure it, and this is done through cultural practices.
  • Clear fall leaves from the ground before winter to minimize places where fungi and bacteria can overwinter.
  • Maintain good air movement between plants through proper plant spacing.
  • Increase air circulation through the center of plants through pruning.
  • Thoroughly clean all pruning tools after working with diseased plants.
  • Never dispose of disease plant material in a compost pile.
  • Avoid overhead watering to keep moisture off of the foliage.
  • Keep plants healthy by providing adequate sunlight, water, and fertilizer.
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distribution

Distribution of Yam bean

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Habitat of Yam bean

Edges of deciduous forests and scrub vegetation.
Northern Hemisphere
South Hemisphere

Distribution Map of Yam bean

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Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
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More Info on Yam Bean Growth and Care

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Basic Care Guide
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Plants Related to Yam bean

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Lighting
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Outdoor
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Requirements
Full sun
Ideal
Above 6 hours sunlight
Watch how sunlight gracefully moves through your garden, and choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade for your plants, ensuring their happiness.
Essentials
Yam bean thrives in environments where there is strong and plentiful light throughout the day. This enhances the health and vitality of the plant by promoting robust growth and development. If planted in areas with insufficient light, its growth might be jeopardized. Nevertheless, it does not necessitate different sun intensities at different growth stages.
Preferred
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Unsuitable
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Artificial lighting
Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
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Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.
Important Symptoms
Symptoms of Insufficient Light in %s
Yam bean thrives in full sunlight and is commonly cultivated outdoors. When grown indoors with limited light, it may exhibit subtle symptoms of light deficiency that can easily go unnoticed.
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Small leaves
New leaves may grow smaller in size compared to the previous ones once they have matured.
Leggy or sparse growth
The spaces between leaves or stems of your Yam bean may become longer, resulting in a thin and stretched-out appearance. This can make the plant look sparse and weak, and it may easily break or lean due to its own weight.
Faster leaf drop
When plants are exposed to low light conditions, they tend to shed older leaves early to conserve resources. Within a limited time, these resources can be utilized to grow new leaves until the plant's energy reserves are depleted.
Slower or no new growth
Yam bean enters a survival mode when light conditions are poor, which leads to a halt in leaf production. As a result, the plant's growth becomes delayed or stops altogether.
Lighter-colored new leaves
Insufficient sunlight can cause leaves to develop irregular color patterns or appear pale. This indicates a lack of chlorophyll and essential nutrients.
Solutions
1. To ensure optimal growth, gradually move plants to a sunnier location each week, until they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Use a south-facing window and keep curtains open during the day for maximum sunlight exposure and nutrient accumulation.2. To provide additional light for your plant, consider using artificial light if it's large or not easily movable. Keep a desk or ceiling lamp on for at least 8 hours daily, or invest in professional plant grow lights for ample light.
Symptoms of Excessive light in %s
Yam bean thrives in full sun exposure and can tolerate intense sunlight. With their remarkable resilience, symptoms of sunburn may not be easily visible, as they rarely suffer from it.
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(Symptom details and solutions)
Chlorosis
Chlorosis is a condition where the plant's leaves lose their green color and turn yellow. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll from excessive sunlight, which negatively affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize.
Sunscald
Sunscald occurs when the plant's leaves or stems are damaged by intense sunlight exposure. It appears as pale, bleached, or necrotic areas on the plant tissue and can reduce the plant's overall health.
Leaf Curling
Leaf curling is a symptom where leaves curl or twist under extreme sunlight conditions. This is a defense mechanism used by the plant to reduce its surface area exposed to sunlight, minimizing water loss and damage.
Wilting
Wilting occurs when a plant loses turgor pressure and its leaves and stems begin to droop. Overexposure to sunlight can cause wilting by increasing the plant's water loss through transpiration, making it difficult for the plant to maintain adequate hydration.
Leaf Scorching
Leaf scorching is a symptom characterized by the appearance of brown, dry, and crispy edges or patches on leaves due to excessive sunlight. This can lead to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant health.
Solutions
1. Move your plant to the optimal position where it can receive abundant sunlight but also have some shade. An east-facing window is an ideal choice as the morning sunlight is gentler. This way, your plant can enjoy ample sunlight while reducing the risk of sunburn.2. It is recommended to trim off any completely dehydrated or withered parts of the plant.
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Temperature
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Indoor
Outdoor
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Requirements
Ideal
Tolerable
Unsuitable
Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care.
Essentials
Yam bean is native to regions where temperatures mainly fall between 68 to 100 °F (20 to 38 ℃). It thrives best in these warm conditions. Adjustments may be necessary during colder months to maintain this temperature range.
Regional wintering strategies
Yam bean prefers relatively warm temperatures, so maintaining temperatures above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min} during winter cultivation is beneficial for plant growth. The minimum temperature should be kept above freezing point to prevent the plant from freezing damage. When the outdoor temperature approaches -5°C (25°F) during winter, it is advisable to bring Yam bean indoors or provide protection by setting up a temporary greenhouse or using materials such as plastic film or fabric to wrap the plant.
Important Symptoms
Symptoms of Low Temperature in Yam bean
Yam bean has moderate tolerance to low temperatures and thrives best when the temperature is between {Suitable_growth_temperature_min} and {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. During winter, it should be kept above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. When the temperature falls below {Limit_growth_temperature}, the leaves may darken in color. In severe cases, water-soaked necrosis, wilting, and drooping may occur, and the color of the leaves gradually turns brown.
Solutions
Trim away the frost-damaged parts. Immediately move indoors to a warm environment or set up a makeshift greenhouse for cold protection. When placing the plant indoors, choose a location near a south-facing window to ensure ample sunlight. If there is insufficient light, you can use supplemental lighting.
Symptoms of High Temperature in Yam bean
During summer, Yam bean should be kept below {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. When the temperature exceeds {Tolerable_growing_temperature_max}, the plant's growth slows down, the color of its leaves becomes lighter, and it becomes more susceptible to sunburn.
Solutions
Trim away the sunburned and dried-up parts. Move the plant to a location that provides shade from the afternoon sun. Water the plant in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist.
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