Premna

Wakae has some hair or almost no hair. The leaf pillow at the base of the petiole develops strongly, and the knot part swells a little to the side. The leaves are broad oval to oval, membranous, 4 to 11 cm long and 2.5 to 6 cm wide, with almost smooth edges or a couple of pairs of blunt-pointed serrations. The base of the leaf suddenly narrows and flows into a petiole of length 5 to 15 mm. Both the front and back of the leaf are hairless or have hair only on the veins. In addition, there is a foul odor when the leaves are massaged. There are 3-4 pairs of side veins protruding on both sides of the leaf. Also, both the veins and network veins can be clearly seen from the back of the leaves. Spring has sparse yellow flowers around spring-summer. The flowers are conical, and the inflorescence appears at the tip of the stem. The inflorescence is conical and is 5 to 15 cm long. The branches of the inflorescence fork, and the branch points have small linear wrinkles. The fruit is spherical and ripens black-purple to a diameter of about 5 mm, and its base has a cocoon-like octopus of about 5 mm in diameter.

Bastard guelder (Premna serratifolia) is a treelike tropical shrub that is pollinated by butterflies, bees, and other insects. It has glossy dark green leaves and is often grown in parks and gardens. During its flowering season, this shrub attracts many butterflies, insects, and Emerald Sweat Bees.