Amaumau fern
Amaumau fern is a robust, tree-like fern reaching heights of up to 2 meters, with a stout, erect trunk and a crown of arching, pinnately compound leaves. This species thrives in the moist, shaded understories of Hawaiian forests, its lush green fronds contributing to the dense vegetation. Adapted to volcanic landscapes, amaumau fern often colonizes fresh lava flows, showcasing its resilience and ecological importance in these primary successional environments.