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Add to My Garden Common mullein
Verbascum thapsus
Also known as : Greater Mullein, Blanket Leaf, Candlewick, Duffle, Feltwort, Flannel Leaf, Fluffweed, Hare's Beard, High Taper, King's Taper, Lady's Foxglove, Light of the Lord, Old Man's Flannel, Shepherd's Club, Torches, Velvet Leaf, White Mullein, Woundweed, Aaron's rod, Jupiter's staff
Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus) has been cultivated by farmers and gardeners since colonial times. This herb has a thick stem and leaves covered with a layer of “fur” that feels like flannel. Today, it grows wild in many areas of the U.S., including roadsides and vacant lots. Flowers of common mullein are occasionally brewed into a tea.
Planting Time
Spring, Early summer, Fall, Early winter
Weeds
Care Guide for Common mullein
Common mullein is not a particularly thirsty plant, and it has average water requirements, although it needs more water in its first season of growth. A simple guide to watering is to regularly check the surrounding soil, and water to ensure that it remains constantly moist.
Common mullein should be lightly fertilized at the start of the growing season, as soon as new growth begins. A slow-release fertilizer will ensure the plant receives consistent nutrition. Take care to ensure that it is applied to the soil and not directly to the plant.
Chalky, Clay, Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Full sun, Partial sun
4 to 10
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Common mullein
Sunlight
Full sun
Hardiness Zones
4 to 10
Planting Time
Spring, Early summer, Fall, Early winter
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Common mullein
Sunlight
Full sun
Hardiness Zones
4 to 10
Planting Time
Spring, Early summer, Fall, Early winter
Download
Common mullein
Sunlight
Full sun
Hardiness Zones
4 to 10
Planting Time
Spring, Early summer, Fall, Early winter
Download
Questions About Common mullein
Watering 
Pruning 
Sunlight 
Temperature 
Fertilizing What is the best way to water my Common mullein?
When watering the Common mullein, you should aim to use filtered water that is at room temperature. Filtered water is better for this plant, as tap water can contain particles that are harmful to its health. The reason that the water should be at room temperature or slightly warmer is that the Common mullein comes from a warm environment, and cold water can be somewhat of a shock to its system. Also, you should avoid overhead watering for this plant, as it can cause foliage complications. Instead, simply apply your filtered room temperature water to the soil until the soil is entirely soaked. Soaking the soil can be very beneficial for this plant as it moistens the roots and helps them continue to spread through the soil and collect the nutrients they need.
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What should I do if I water my Common mullein too much or too little?
Both overwatering and underwatering will be detrimental to the health of your Common mullein, but overwatering is a far more common issue. When this species receives too much water, its stems and leaves may begin to wilt and turn from green to yellow. Overwatering over a prolonged period may also lead to diseases such as root rot, mold, and mildew, all of which can kill your plant. Underwatering is far less common for the Common mullein, as this plant has decent drought tolerance. However, underwatering remains a possibility, and when it occurs, you can expect to find that the leaves of your Common mullein have become brittle and brown.
It is crucial that you notice the signs of overwatering as soon as possible when caring for your Common mullein. Some of the diseases that arise from overwatering, such as root rot, may not be correctable if you wait too long. If you see early signs of overwatering, you should reduce your watering schedule immediately. You may also want to assess the quality of soil in which your Common mullein grows. If you find that the soil drains very poorly, you should replace it immediately with a loose, well-draining potting mix. On the other hand, if you find signs that your Common mullein is receiving too little water, all you need to do is water more regularly until those signs have subsided.
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How often should I water my Common mullein?
If your plant is in a pot. The most precise way to decide whether your Common mullein needs water is to plunge your finger into the soil. If you notice that the first two to three inches of soil have become dry, it is time to add some water.
If you grow your Common mullein outdoors in the ground, you can use a similar method to test the soil. Again, when you find that the first few inches of soil have dried out, it is time to add water. During the spring and early fall, this method will often lead you to water this plant about once every week. When extremely hot weather arrives, you may need to increase your watering frequency to about twice or more per week. With that said, mature, well-established the Common mullein can show an admirable ability to withstand drought.
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How much water does my Common mullein need?
When it comes time to water your Common mullein, you should not be shy about how much water you give. With the first two to three inches of soil dry, this plant will appreciate a long and thorough watering. Supply enough water to soak the soil entirely. The amount of water you add should be enough to cause excess water to flow through the drainage holes at the bottom of your pot. If you don’t see excess water draining from the pot, you have likely underwatered your plant. But do not let the water accumulate inside the soil, which will be very dangerous to the plant as well. Alternatively, a lack of water draining through the pot could indicate poorly draining soils, which is detrimental to the health of this plant and should be avoided. If the plant is outside, 1 inch of rain per week will be sufficient.
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How should I water my Common mullein at different growth stages?
The water needs of the Common mullein can change depending on growth stages as well. For example, when your Common mullein is in the first few years of its life, or if you have just transplanted it to a new growing location, you will need to give more water than usual. During both of those stages, your Common mullein will put a lot of energy towards sprouting new roots that will then support future growth. For those roots to perform their best, they need a bit more moisture than they would at a more mature phase. After a few seasons, your Common mullein will need much less water. Another growth stage in which this plant may need more water is during the bloom period. Flower development can make use of a significant amount of moisture, which is why you might need to give your Common mullein more water at this time.
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How should I water my Common mullein through the seasons?
The Common mullein will have its highest water needs during the hottest months of the year. During the height of summer, you may need to give this plant water more than once per week, depending on how fast the soil dries out. The opposite is true during the winter. In winter, your plant will enter a dormant phase, in which it will need far less water than usual. In fact, you may not need to water this plant at all during the winter months. However, if you do water during winter, you should not do so more than about once per month. Watering too much at this time will make it more likely that your Common mullein will contract a disease.
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What's the difference between watering my Common mullein indoors and outdoors?
It is most common to grow the Common mullein indoors for any gardener that does not live in temperate and tropical regions. Those gardeners should consider the fact that soil in a container can dry out a bit faster than ground soil. Also, the presence of drying elements such as air conditioning units can cause your Common mullein to need water on a more frequent basis as well. if you planted it outside. When that is the case, it’s likely you won’t need to water your Common mullein very much at all. If you receive rainfall on a regular basis, that may be enough to keep your plant alive. Alternatively, those who grow this plant inside will need to water it more often, as allowing rainwater to soak the soil will not be an option.
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More Questions People Also Ask
More About How-Tos
Explore 5 of plant how-tos on Feng shui direction, Water, Lighting, Temperature, Transplant, etc.
Feng shui direction
South
Common mullein's soothing green hue and tall, vertical growth is conducive to promoting harmony and prosperity. It is especially compatible with a South-facing direction - a realm traditionally associated with fame and recognition in Feng Shui. However, it's important to remember that everyone's energy needs are individual and unique.
Water
Every week
Common mullein hails from regions in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to various parts of the world, including North America and Australia. It is well-adapted to dry and sunny environments, typically found in open habitats such as fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas. Due to its native habitat, common mullein is drought-tolerant and can survive in low moisture conditions. Therefore, it prefers well-drained soil that allows excess water to quickly drain away, and does not require frequent watering.
Lighting
Full sun
Common mullein thrives when generously immersed in sun rays throughout the day. However, it can also withstand areas where sunlight is less abundant. Originating from environments abundant in sunlight, it benefits from maximum exposure, nonetheless, excessive rays can lead to impaired growth, while scarce light can result in limited growth and development.
Temperature
0 41 ℃
Common mullein is indigenous to areas with a temperature range of 68 to 95 °F (20 to 35 ℃). Please remember, this perennial plant prefers warmth. Adjustments to temperatures may be necessary in colder seasons.
Transplant
1-2 feet
The perfect time to transplant common mullein is during the pleasant days of mid-spring to early summer. Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil to ensure successful growth. Gently tease out the roots when necessary to encourage robust establishment.
Common Pests & Diseases
Common issues for Common mullein based on 10 million real cases
Flower withering
Flowers may dry out due to a sudden change in environment or because the plant has completed its normal flowering period.
Solutions: If flower withering is a natural progression due to age, there is nothing that can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible. For lack of water, immediately water the plant using room temperature rainwater, bottled spring water, or filtered tap water. Water container plants until excess water drains out the bottom; water in-ground plants until the soil is soaked but there isn’t standing water on the surface. In the event of nutritional deficiencies, the best solution is to use a granular or water-soluble liquid fertilizer, and apply it to the soil at about half the recommended dosage. Keep it off the leaves and make sure granular products are watered into the soil well. If the plant is infected with a bacterial or fungal pathogen, there is no course of treatment that cures the diseased plants. The best solution is to remove the infected plants and dispose of the plant material off-site. Do not put in a compost pile.
Aged yellow and dry
Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.
Solutions: If the yellowing and drying of leaves and flowers is a natural progression due to age, nothing can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
Wilting after blooming
Flowers may wither for a variety of reasons.
Solutions: Check the soil or potting medium. Coarse textures can allow water to drain too rapidly, preventing the plant from taking up enough. If the soil and roots seem very dry, add sphagnum moss or other mediums that hold water. Water according to recommendations for each plant's species. Low humidity can be corrected by misting the plant regularly or placing it near a humidifier. Keeping it near other plants helps, too. Keep the environment consistent in terms of temperature, humidity, and lighting. Keep it away from vents, heaters, and air conditioners, and avoid moving it to locations where it will experience a temperature shock. Hot, dry heat, and cold drafts are problematic for many plants. Especially if the plant is outside, it could be experiencing heat or light stress. Try moving it to a shadier location.
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
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Flower withering
Flowers may dry out due to a sudden change in environment or because the plant has completed its normal flowering period.
Overview
Flower withering occurs when flowers become weak, droopy, wilted, or faded until they can’t be revived. During withering, they begin to wrinkle and shrink until the flower becomes completely dry or dead.
Any flowers, regardless of the plant type or the climate they are grown in, are susceptible to withering. It is a worldwide problem across houseplants, herbs, flowering ornamentals, trees, shrubs, garden vegetables, and food crops.
Unlike wilting—which withering is often confused with—withering can be caused by different things and is often due to more than a lack of water. Withering can be fatal in severe cases.
Symptom Analysis
Flower withering progresses from very mild cases to severe occurrences that kill the flower. The severity of the symptoms is related to the cause and how long the condition is allowed to progress before action is taken.
- Wilted, droopy flowers
- Petals and leaves begin to wrinkle
- Brown papery streaks or spots appear on the petals and leaf tips
- Flowerhead shrink in size
- Petal color fades
- Yellowing leaves
- Complete death of the flower
Disease Cause
The main causes of flower withering include natural age progress, lack of water, nutritional deficiencies, and bacterial or fungal diseases. It’s critical to determine the underlying cause when flower withering is noticed. This will guide the best course of action, if treatment is possible.
Check the soil for moisture and then closely examine the entire plant for signs of nutrient deficiencies. If neither of those appears to be the cause then cut open the stem below a flower. If a cross-section reveals brown or rust-colored stains it is safe to assume that this is a bacterial or fungal infection.
If the flower is nearing the end of its normal lifespan, genetic coding within the plant increases the production of ethylene, a phytohormone that controls senescence, or cell aging and death. Cell division stops and the plant begins breaking down resources within the flower to use in other parts of the plant.
In all other cases, flower withering happens when the plant seals off the stem as a defense mechanism, stopping transport within the vascular system. This prevents further water loss through the flowers but also stops bacteria and fungi from moving to healthy parts of the plant. Once water and nutrient transport stops, the flower begins to wither and ultimately die.
Solutions
If flower withering is a natural progression due to age, there is nothing that can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
For lack of water, immediately water the plant using room temperature rainwater, bottled spring water, or filtered tap water. Water container plants until excess water drains out the bottom; water in-ground plants until the soil is soaked but there isn’t standing water on the surface.
In the event of nutritional deficiencies, the best solution is to use a granular or water-soluble liquid fertilizer, and apply it to the soil at about half the recommended dosage. Keep it off the leaves and make sure granular products are watered into the soil well.
If the plant is infected with a bacterial or fungal pathogen, there is no course of treatment that cures the diseased plants. The best solution is to remove the infected plants and dispose of the plant material off-site. Do not put in a compost pile.
Prevention
This is definitely one of those instances where prevention is more effective than cure. Here are some preventative measures for avoiding premature flower withering.
- Water plants according to their needs -- either keep the soil slightly moist or allow the top inch or two to dry out before watering again.
- Fertilize lightly on a consistent basis, depending upon the plant’s growth. Quick-growing plants and those that flower or develop fruit will need more frequent fertilizing than slow-growing plants.
- Purchase plants that are certified disease- or pathogen-free.
- Look for disease-resistant cultivars.
- Isolate plants showing disease symptoms to prevent the spread to neighboring plants.
- Practice good plant hygiene by removing any fallen plant material as soon as possible.
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Aged yellow and dry
Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.
Overview
Regardless of the type of plant or where it is grown, at some point, it will begin to aged yellow and dry. This is a natural, unavoidable process that happens when the plant has completed all of the steps in its life.
Annual plants go through this process at the end of a single growing season. Perennial plants live for multiple years, if not tens or hundreds of years, but will still ultimately exhibit these symptoms.
Symptom Analysis
When plants have progressed through their natural developmental stages and are nearing the end of their lifecycle, they begin showing signs of decline. Leaves will start to yellow and droop, and over time they turn papery brown and dry.
Once completely dry, the leaves begin to fall from the plant until the entire plant has dried out.
Disease Cause
At the end of its life, genetic coding within the plant increases the production of ethylene, a phytohormone that controls senescence or natural aging and death. Cell division stops, and the plant begins catabolizing resources to use in other parts of the plant.
As this happens, the tissues begin yellow and drying until the entire plant is desiccated and perishes.
Solutions
If the yellowing and drying of leaves and flowers is a natural progression due to age, nothing can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
Prevention
Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent plants from dying of “old age.” To help prolong their life, and put off symptoms of aged yellow and dry for as long as possible, take care of them by giving them enough water, fertilizing them appropriately, and making sure they get enough sunlight.
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Wilting after blooming
Flowers may wither for a variety of reasons.
Overview
Wilting after blooming is sometimes a natural aging process of the flower, while other times it may indicate a problem. Orchids, for example, can bloom for anywhere from two weeks to three months, so wilting after a few days signals a problem for most varieties. This can happen to virtually any ornamental flowering plant, but those with shallow roots and limited tolerance for drought, full sun, and low humidity are more susceptible.
This is a common problem, and often has an easy fix. Sometimes, however, it is the result of more serious causes such as pests or disease of the root system.
Symptom Analysis
- At first, flowers may look a little limp.
- Petals may start to appear dried out and turn brown.
- Eventually they may drop off the plant all together.
Disease Cause
Wilting blooms can be a sign of an unhealthy root system. Any condition that prevents the plant from absorbing enough water and nutrition can result in wilting blooms and sometimes other symptoms. If the plant doesn’t have enough water, it cannot maintain appropriate pressure within stems, leaves, and blooms, causing them to wilt.
This can result from physical damage – for example from root breakage during re-potting or attack by insects like cutworms. If you recently re-potted your plant, physical damage to the roots is a likely cause. If you see insects, they may be eating leaves, roots, or flowers. Fungal infections can also cause root rot and damage, preventing water and nutrient uptake.
Finally, wilting blooms can result simply from age. If no other symptoms are visible, it may simply signal the natural end of the flower’s lifespan. If it seems premature, this may be caused by environmental factors: water, humidity, light, or stress. Under-watering is a common cause. Similarly, plants adapted to high humidity dry out easily when humidity is low, like during winter or in dry climates. Too much light can also stress plants that need shade, causing blooms to wilt.
Solutions
- Check the soil or potting medium. Coarse textures can allow water to drain too rapidly, preventing the plant from taking up enough. If the soil and roots seem very dry, add sphagnum moss or other mediums that hold water.
- Water according to recommendations for each plant's species.
- Low humidity can be corrected by misting the plant regularly or placing it near a humidifier. Keeping it near other plants helps, too.
- Keep the environment consistent in terms of temperature, humidity, and lighting. Keep it away from vents, heaters, and air conditioners, and avoid moving it to locations where it will experience a temperature shock. Hot, dry heat, and cold drafts are problematic for many plants.
- Especially if the plant is outside, it could be experiencing heat or light stress. Try moving it to a shadier location.
Prevention
- Read up on moisture, light, and soil type preferences for each plant to avoid underwatering, incorrect light levels, or other conditions that can cause wilting blooms.
- Avoid re-potting during the flowering period. This causes additional stress on the plants because they need to repair root damage and adapt to the new micro-environment, all of which can result in wilting.
- One other potential cause is ethylene gas, a plant hormone related to ripening. Some fruits and vegetables emit ethylene, especially bananas. Apples, grapes, melons, avocados, and potatoes can also give it off, so keep flowering plants away from fresh produce.
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
- Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
- Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
- May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
- Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
- Leaf margins may turn yellow.
- Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
- Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
- The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
- Partial or complete premature defoliation
- Reduced growth
- Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
Solutions
In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary.
Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading.
- Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear.
- Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread.
- Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Prevention
Like many other diseases, it is easier to prevent brown spot than cure it, and this is done through cultural practices.
- Clear fall leaves from the ground before winter to minimize places where fungi and bacteria can overwinter.
- Maintain good air movement between plants through proper plant spacing.
- Increase air circulation through the center of plants through pruning.
- Thoroughly clean all pruning tools after working with diseased plants.
- Never dispose of disease plant material in a compost pile.
- Avoid overhead watering to keep moisture off of the foliage.
- Keep plants healthy by providing adequate sunlight, water, and fertilizer.
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Weed Control
Weeds
Common mullein can be found in the Americas, Australia, and other non-native temperate regions as an introduced species. Common mullein usually spreads on degraded land, and although it doesn't grow in great densities, it can overshadow native plants. Although it is easy to remove by hand or tilling, and it doesn't compete with crops, common mullein is still considered an invasive weed because it is a prolific producer of long-living seeds. Also, it can spread in degraded and poor pastures and become dominant over time as cattle and sheep avoid grazing it.
How to Control it
Common mullein can be easily uprooted manually. It’s best to do this during the first year, before the plants produce seeds, in order to prevent their further spread. Hand-pulling needs to be done repeatedly, especially with established colonies, as common mullein forms persistent soil seed banks. It is also a good practice to plant competitive native species in the area, as they can outcompete the seedlings and create unfavorable conditions for germination.
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Distribution Map
Habitat
Uncultivated fields, waste ground
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
More Info
Flower Color
Yellow
Bloom Time
Summer
Leaf Color
Green
Gray
Silver
Name story
Common mullein
It is often called common mullein, where mullein originates from the latin word "mollis" meaning "soft". Generally, it is used to describe the fluffiness and softness of its leaves, which give a delicate sensation, bringing about the name common mullein.
Beggar's blanket
It has a lesser-known utility in which its leaves can help keep shoes and clothes warm when the leaves are kept inside them during winter. Thus, it is called beggar's blanket.
Symbolism
Toughness, courage, protection, health
Usages
Garden Use
Common mullein is a commonly used border plant thanks to its attractive flowers and foliage. It is a successful self-seeder, and can tolerate a range of conditions so long as it has well-draining soils. Even without its bright yellow flowers, the wooly grey-green foliage is an interesting addition to the garden.
Scientific Classification
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Plant Collection Most Common Herb Golden pothos See More The Golden pothos is a popular flowering house plant that’s commonly seen in Australia, Asia, and the West Indies. It goes by many nicknames, including “devil’s ivy,” because it is so hard to kill, and can grow in the dark. Golden pothos has poisonous sap, soContinue reading “Most Common Herb”
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Suggested Plants to Build a Garden That Blooms All the Year Round
Plant Collection Suggested Plants to Build a Garden That Blooms All the Year Round White mulberry See More BloomTime:Spring A unique and easy-to-grow edible landscaping plant, the White mulberry is prized for its tasty fruits as well as its exquisite ornamental appeal. Originally native to China, this plant was valued for its role in silkContinue reading “Suggested Plants to Build a Garden That Blooms All the Year Round”
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Add to My Garden Common mullein
Verbascum thapsus
Also known as: Greater Mullein, Blanket Leaf, Candlewick, Duffle, Feltwort, Flannel Leaf, Fluffweed, Hare's Beard, High Taper, King's Taper, Lady's Foxglove, Light of the Lord, Old Man's Flannel, Shepherd's Club, Torches, Velvet Leaf, White Mullein, Woundweed, Aaron's rod, Jupiter's staff
Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus) has been cultivated by farmers and gardeners since colonial times. This herb has a thick stem and leaves covered with a layer of “fur” that feels like flannel. Today, it grows wild in many areas of the U.S., including roadsides and vacant lots. Flowers of common mullein are occasionally brewed into a tea.
Planting Time
Spring, Early summer, Fall, Early winter
Weeds
Care Guide for Common mullein
Water
Common mullein is not a particularly thirsty plant, and it has average water requirements, although it needs more water in its first season of growth. A simple guide to watering is to regularly check the surrounding soil, and water to ensure that it remains constantly moist.
Fertilization
Common mullein should be lightly fertilized at the start of the growing season, as soon as new growth begins. A slow-release fertilizer will ensure the plant receives consistent nutrition. Take care to ensure that it is applied to the soil and not directly to the plant.
Soil
Chalky, Clay, Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Sunlight
Full sun, Partial sun
Hardiness Zones
4 to 10
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Questions About Common mullein
Watering Pruning Sunlight Temperature Fertilizing What is the best way to water my Common mullein?
What should I do if I water my Common mullein too much or too little?
How often should I water my Common mullein?
How much water does my Common mullein need?
How should I water my Common mullein at different growth stages?
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Common Pests & Diseases
Common issues for Common mullein based on 10 million real cases
Flower withering
Flowers may dry out due to a sudden change in environment or because the plant has completed its normal flowering period.
Solutions: If flower withering is a natural progression due to age, there is nothing that can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible. For lack of water, immediately water the plant using room temperature rainwater, bottled spring water, or filtered tap water. Water container plants until excess water drains out the bottom; water in-ground plants until the soil is soaked but there isn’t standing water on the surface. In the event of nutritional deficiencies, the best solution is to use a granular or water-soluble liquid fertilizer, and apply it to the soil at about half the recommended dosage. Keep it off the leaves and make sure granular products are watered into the soil well. If the plant is infected with a bacterial or fungal pathogen, there is no course of treatment that cures the diseased plants. The best solution is to remove the infected plants and dispose of the plant material off-site. Do not put in a compost pile.
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Aged yellow and dry
Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.
Solutions: If the yellowing and drying of leaves and flowers is a natural progression due to age, nothing can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
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Wilting after blooming
Flowers may wither for a variety of reasons.
Solutions: Check the soil or potting medium. Coarse textures can allow water to drain too rapidly, preventing the plant from taking up enough. If the soil and roots seem very dry, add sphagnum moss or other mediums that hold water. Water according to recommendations for each plant's species. Low humidity can be corrected by misting the plant regularly or placing it near a humidifier. Keeping it near other plants helps, too. Keep the environment consistent in terms of temperature, humidity, and lighting. Keep it away from vents, heaters, and air conditioners, and avoid moving it to locations where it will experience a temperature shock. Hot, dry heat, and cold drafts are problematic for many plants. Especially if the plant is outside, it could be experiencing heat or light stress. Try moving it to a shadier location.
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
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Flower withering
Flowers may dry out due to a sudden change in environment or because the plant has completed its normal flowering period.
Overview
Flower withering occurs when flowers become weak, droopy, wilted, or faded until they can’t be revived. During withering, they begin to wrinkle and shrink until the flower becomes completely dry or dead.
Any flowers, regardless of the plant type or the climate they are grown in, are susceptible to withering. It is a worldwide problem across houseplants, herbs, flowering ornamentals, trees, shrubs, garden vegetables, and food crops.
Unlike wilting—which withering is often confused with—withering can be caused by different things and is often due to more than a lack of water. Withering can be fatal in severe cases.
Symptom Analysis
Flower withering progresses from very mild cases to severe occurrences that kill the flower. The severity of the symptoms is related to the cause and how long the condition is allowed to progress before action is taken.
- Wilted, droopy flowers
- Petals and leaves begin to wrinkle
- Brown papery streaks or spots appear on the petals and leaf tips
- Flowerhead shrink in size
- Petal color fades
- Yellowing leaves
- Complete death of the flower
Disease Cause
The main causes of flower withering include natural age progress, lack of water, nutritional deficiencies, and bacterial or fungal diseases. It’s critical to determine the underlying cause when flower withering is noticed. This will guide the best course of action, if treatment is possible.
Check the soil for moisture and then closely examine the entire plant for signs of nutrient deficiencies. If neither of those appears to be the cause then cut open the stem below a flower. If a cross-section reveals brown or rust-colored stains it is safe to assume that this is a bacterial or fungal infection.
If the flower is nearing the end of its normal lifespan, genetic coding within the plant increases the production of ethylene, a phytohormone that controls senescence, or cell aging and death. Cell division stops and the plant begins breaking down resources within the flower to use in other parts of the plant.
In all other cases, flower withering happens when the plant seals off the stem as a defense mechanism, stopping transport within the vascular system. This prevents further water loss through the flowers but also stops bacteria and fungi from moving to healthy parts of the plant. Once water and nutrient transport stops, the flower begins to wither and ultimately die.
Solutions
If flower withering is a natural progression due to age, there is nothing that can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
For lack of water, immediately water the plant using room temperature rainwater, bottled spring water, or filtered tap water. Water container plants until excess water drains out the bottom; water in-ground plants until the soil is soaked but there isn’t standing water on the surface.
In the event of nutritional deficiencies, the best solution is to use a granular or water-soluble liquid fertilizer, and apply it to the soil at about half the recommended dosage. Keep it off the leaves and make sure granular products are watered into the soil well.
If the plant is infected with a bacterial or fungal pathogen, there is no course of treatment that cures the diseased plants. The best solution is to remove the infected plants and dispose of the plant material off-site. Do not put in a compost pile.
Prevention
This is definitely one of those instances where prevention is more effective than cure. Here are some preventative measures for avoiding premature flower withering.
- Water plants according to their needs -- either keep the soil slightly moist or allow the top inch or two to dry out before watering again.
- Fertilize lightly on a consistent basis, depending upon the plant’s growth. Quick-growing plants and those that flower or develop fruit will need more frequent fertilizing than slow-growing plants.
- Purchase plants that are certified disease- or pathogen-free.
- Look for disease-resistant cultivars.
- Isolate plants showing disease symptoms to prevent the spread to neighboring plants.
- Practice good plant hygiene by removing any fallen plant material as soon as possible.
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Aged yellow and dry
Natural aging can cause leaves to turn yellow and dry out.
Overview
Regardless of the type of plant or where it is grown, at some point, it will begin to aged yellow and dry. This is a natural, unavoidable process that happens when the plant has completed all of the steps in its life.
Annual plants go through this process at the end of a single growing season. Perennial plants live for multiple years, if not tens or hundreds of years, but will still ultimately exhibit these symptoms.
Symptom Analysis
When plants have progressed through their natural developmental stages and are nearing the end of their lifecycle, they begin showing signs of decline. Leaves will start to yellow and droop, and over time they turn papery brown and dry.
Once completely dry, the leaves begin to fall from the plant until the entire plant has dried out.
Disease Cause
At the end of its life, genetic coding within the plant increases the production of ethylene, a phytohormone that controls senescence or natural aging and death. Cell division stops, and the plant begins catabolizing resources to use in other parts of the plant.
As this happens, the tissues begin yellow and drying until the entire plant is desiccated and perishes.
Solutions
If the yellowing and drying of leaves and flowers is a natural progression due to age, nothing can be done to slow or stop the process. Once hormones within the plant begin the process of senescence, it’s irreversible.
Prevention
Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent plants from dying of “old age.” To help prolong their life, and put off symptoms of aged yellow and dry for as long as possible, take care of them by giving them enough water, fertilizing them appropriately, and making sure they get enough sunlight.
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Wilting after blooming
Flowers may wither for a variety of reasons.
Overview
Wilting after blooming is sometimes a natural aging process of the flower, while other times it may indicate a problem. Orchids, for example, can bloom for anywhere from two weeks to three months, so wilting after a few days signals a problem for most varieties. This can happen to virtually any ornamental flowering plant, but those with shallow roots and limited tolerance for drought, full sun, and low humidity are more susceptible.
This is a common problem, and often has an easy fix. Sometimes, however, it is the result of more serious causes such as pests or disease of the root system.
Symptom Analysis
- At first, flowers may look a little limp.
- Petals may start to appear dried out and turn brown.
- Eventually they may drop off the plant all together.
Disease Cause
Wilting blooms can be a sign of an unhealthy root system. Any condition that prevents the plant from absorbing enough water and nutrition can result in wilting blooms and sometimes other symptoms. If the plant doesn’t have enough water, it cannot maintain appropriate pressure within stems, leaves, and blooms, causing them to wilt.
This can result from physical damage – for example from root breakage during re-potting or attack by insects like cutworms. If you recently re-potted your plant, physical damage to the roots is a likely cause. If you see insects, they may be eating leaves, roots, or flowers. Fungal infections can also cause root rot and damage, preventing water and nutrient uptake.
Finally, wilting blooms can result simply from age. If no other symptoms are visible, it may simply signal the natural end of the flower’s lifespan. If it seems premature, this may be caused by environmental factors: water, humidity, light, or stress. Under-watering is a common cause. Similarly, plants adapted to high humidity dry out easily when humidity is low, like during winter or in dry climates. Too much light can also stress plants that need shade, causing blooms to wilt.
Solutions
- Check the soil or potting medium. Coarse textures can allow water to drain too rapidly, preventing the plant from taking up enough. If the soil and roots seem very dry, add sphagnum moss or other mediums that hold water.
- Water according to recommendations for each plant's species.
- Low humidity can be corrected by misting the plant regularly or placing it near a humidifier. Keeping it near other plants helps, too.
- Keep the environment consistent in terms of temperature, humidity, and lighting. Keep it away from vents, heaters, and air conditioners, and avoid moving it to locations where it will experience a temperature shock. Hot, dry heat, and cold drafts are problematic for many plants.
- Especially if the plant is outside, it could be experiencing heat or light stress. Try moving it to a shadier location.
Prevention
- Read up on moisture, light, and soil type preferences for each plant to avoid underwatering, incorrect light levels, or other conditions that can cause wilting blooms.
- Avoid re-potting during the flowering period. This causes additional stress on the plants because they need to repair root damage and adapt to the new micro-environment, all of which can result in wilting.
- One other potential cause is ethylene gas, a plant hormone related to ripening. Some fruits and vegetables emit ethylene, especially bananas. Apples, grapes, melons, avocados, and potatoes can also give it off, so keep flowering plants away from fresh produce.
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
- Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
- Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
- May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
- Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
- Leaf margins may turn yellow.
- Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
- Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
- The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
- Partial or complete premature defoliation
- Reduced growth
- Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
Solutions
In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary.
Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading.
- Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear.
- Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread.
- Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Prevention
Like many other diseases, it is easier to prevent brown spot than cure it, and this is done through cultural practices.
- Clear fall leaves from the ground before winter to minimize places where fungi and bacteria can overwinter.
- Maintain good air movement between plants through proper plant spacing.
- Increase air circulation through the center of plants through pruning.
- Thoroughly clean all pruning tools after working with diseased plants.
- Never dispose of disease plant material in a compost pile.
- Avoid overhead watering to keep moisture off of the foliage.
- Keep plants healthy by providing adequate sunlight, water, and fertilizer.
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Weed Control
Weeds
Common mullein can be found in the Americas, Australia, and other non-native temperate regions as an introduced species. Common mullein usually spreads on degraded land, and although it doesn't grow in great densities, it can overshadow native plants. Although it is easy to remove by hand or tilling, and it doesn't compete with crops, common mullein is still considered an invasive weed because it is a prolific producer of long-living seeds. Also, it can spread in degraded and poor pastures and become dominant over time as cattle and sheep avoid grazing it.
How to Control it
Common mullein can be easily uprooted manually. It’s best to do this during the first year, before the plants produce seeds, in order to prevent their further spread. Hand-pulling needs to be done repeatedly, especially with established colonies, as common mullein forms persistent soil seed banks. It is also a good practice to plant competitive native species in the area, as they can outcompete the seedlings and create unfavorable conditions for germination.
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Distribution Map
Habitat
Uncultivated fields, waste ground
Map
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
More Info
Flower Color
Yellow
Bloom Time
Summer
Leaf Color
Green
Gray
Silver
Name story
Common mullein
It is often called common mullein, where mullein originates from the latin word "mollis" meaning "soft". Generally, it is used to describe the fluffiness and softness of its leaves, which give a delicate sensation, bringing about the name common mullein.
Beggar's blanket
It has a lesser-known utility in which its leaves can help keep shoes and clothes warm when the leaves are kept inside them during winter. Thus, it is called beggar's blanket.
Symbolism
Toughness, courage, protection, health
Usages
Garden Use
Common mullein is a commonly used border plant thanks to its attractive flowers and foliage. It is a successful self-seeder, and can tolerate a range of conditions so long as it has well-draining soils. Even without its bright yellow flowers, the wooly grey-green foliage is an interesting addition to the garden.
Scientific Classification
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Water
Common Mullein Watering Instructions
Common mullein hails from regions in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to various parts of the world, including North America and Australia. It is well-adapted to dry and sunny environments, typically found in open habitats such as fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas. Due to its native habitat, common mullein is drought-tolerant and can survive in low moisture conditions. Therefore, it prefers well-drained soil that allows excess water to quickly drain away, and does not require frequent watering.
When Should I Water My Common Mullein?
Introduction
Proper and timely watering plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and development of the common mullein. It contributes to its optimal growth, vibrant flower production, and resistance against diseases. Therefore, understanding the appropriate signals indicating when the plant should be watered is essential.
Soil Dryness
A clear sign of when common mullein needs water is the dryness of the soil. This can be checked by touching the soil around the plant base. If the top 1 to 2 inches of soil is dry to the touch, this means the plant most likely requires watering.
Leaf Condition
The condition of the leaves of common mullein can also be a reliable indicator for watering necessities. If the leaves appear wilted, lackluster, or begin to lose their vibrant color, tending to fade or yellow, these are indicative of the plant being under-watered.
Leaf Drooping
When the leaves of common mullein start to droop, it is a clear signal that the plant needs water. Drooping leaves indicate that the plant is experiencing water stress and is in need of hydration.
Stalled Growth
If the growth rate of common mullein slows down or stalls, it could be a sign that the plant requires more water. Lack of water limits nutrient uptake and can hinder the overall growth and development of the plant.
Temperature And Sunlight Exposure
Common mullein has a high water requirement during warm temperatures and high sunlight exposure periods. Therefore, one must ensure to observe proper watering if these conditions are persistent.
Early Watering Risks
Watering common mullein too early, when the soil is still moist, could risk root rot, fungus infestation, and other root diseases due to over-watering.
Late Watering Risks
Watering common mullein too late, when it has been excessively dry for an extended period, could risk temporary wilting and might stunt the plant's growth. In extreme conditions, it can lead to plant death due to dehydration.
Conclusion
Understanding these signs is critical to effectively manage the watering schedule for the common mullein. Proper water management not only encourages its growth and flowering but also prolongs its lifespan and maintains plant health.
How Should I Water My Common Mullein?
Unique Requirements
Common mullein is a drought-tolerant plant that thrives in dry, well-drained soils. Overwatering can lead to root diseases, so it's essential to maintain a balance and avoid over saturation. The plant's thick, woolly leaves are designed to trap moisture and withstand periods of dryness, further emphasizing the need for careful watering strategies.
Preferred Watering Technique
The most effective watering technique for common mullein is deep watering. This ensures the water reaches the plant's deep root system, encouraging healthy and robust plant growth. It helps to water the plant thoroughly once, then waiting for the top inch of soil to dry out before watering again. This technique can prevent the risks of overwatering.
Special Tools & Equipment
A long-spouted watering can or a hose with a soft-spray nozzle is well suited for deep watering of common mullein. Additionally, incorporating a moisture meter can be beneficial in determining when the plant needs watering, especially for beginners who find it challenging to measure soil dryness by touch.
Areas to Focus On/Avoid
When watering common mullein, concentrate on the base of the plant to ensure adequate hydration to the root system. It's crucial to avoid wetting the foliage of the plant as its leaves are sensitive to excess moisture and can easily develop fungal diseases.
Additional Notes
If the common mullein is planted in a container, extra care should be taken as container plants can dry out faster. It's advisable to check the moisture level of the soil more regularly and ensure the container has sufficient drainage to avert waterlogging.
How Much Water Does Common Mullein Really Need?
Introduction
Common mullein is a plant species native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is commonly found in open areas such as fields, meadows, and roadsides. Its natural habitat suggests that it has adapted to a range of soil moisture conditions.
Optimal Watering Quantity
Common mullein has a taproot that can reach depths of up to 1 meter, allowing it to access water from deeper soil layers. The optimal watering quantity for common mullein depends on various factors such as pot size, root depth, and plant size. Generally, common mullein requires moderate watering, ensuring that the soil is consistently moist but not waterlogged. A good indicator of proper watering is to provide 2 centimeters of water per week, evenly distributed during watering sessions.
Signs of Proper Hydration
When common mullein is receiving the right amount of water, its leaves will appear healthy and a vibrant green color. The stems will be sturdy and upright. However, if common mullein is over-watered, it may develop root rot, which can be identified by brown, mushy roots and wilting leaves. Under-watering common mullein can cause the leaves to become dry and crispy.
Risks of Improper Watering
Overwatering common mullein can lead to root rot and fungal diseases, as it is sensitive to excessive moisture. On the other hand, under-watering can hinder common mullein's growth and result in poor flowering. It can also make common mullein more susceptible to pests and diseases.
Additional Advice
To ensure proper drainage, common mullein should be planted in well-draining soil, and excessive water should be allowed to drain away. Additionally, common mullein can tolerate short periods of drought once established, but prolonged dry spells can stress the plant. Therefore, regular watering during dry periods is important to keep common mullein healthy and thriving.
How Often Should I Water Common Mullein?
Every week
Watering Frequency
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Just like people, each plant has its own preferences and needs. Devote time to understanding your plants so you can nurture them properly. Observe your plants attentively, learning from their growth patterns, and becoming more in tune with their needs as you grow together. Keep a watchful eye on new plants and seedlings, as they are sensitive to both overwatering and underwatering. Shower them with gentle love and attention, fostering their growth and strength. Let the rhythm of your local climate guide your watering habits, adapting your schedule to the changing weather and the needs of your plants. What Kind of Water is Best for Common Mullein?
Preferred Water Types for common mullein
Common mullein is a hardy and adaptable plant, able to grow in various conditions. Though it typically prefers rainwater for its natural minerals, it can also tolerate distilled, filtered, or tap water with minimal adverse effects.
Chlorine Sensitivity for common mullein
Common mullein can tolerate tap water with chlorine. However, for optimal growth, it is preferable to use water that has been left out for 24 hours to allow chlorine to evaporate, or use filtered water that has minimal chlorine.
Fluoride and Mineral Tolerance
Common mullein demonstrates a high tolerance for various minerals and can manage high levels of fluoride without showing signs of toxicity. This makes tap water suitable for most cases. However, too much of certain minerals like boron and sodium can detriment the plant's health.
Water Treatments for common mullein
While not necessary, it can be beneficial to allow tap water to sit out for a day before watering common mullein to evaporate chlorine, or to use a water filter. In the absence of rain water, occasionally mixing in liquid kelp or seaweed into the water can also provide valuable minerals.
Water Temperature Preferences for common mullein
Common mullein has no specific water temperature preferences and is quite resilient. However, it would be best to avoid extremes such as icy or very hot water, sticking to water at room temperature.
How Do Common Mullein's Watering Needs Change with the Seasons?
How to Water common mullein in Spring?
As temperatures start to rise, common mullein will experience a growth spurt. Though it is a self-sufficient plant, it may need watering if the spring season is particularly dry. Be sure not to overwater, as this can lead to leaf yellowing and root rot. Ensure the soil is well-draining and use your finger to check the soil's moisture before watering.
How to Water common mullein in Summer?
In summer, common mullein enters a state of semi-dormancy to tolerate the heat. Frequently check the dryness of the soil without watering necessarily, since excess watering in this stage can promote rot and diseases. Water only when conditions are excessively dry and the plant shows signs of wilting.
How to Water common mullein in Autumn?
During autumn, common mullein is nearing its dormancy phase, and its watering needs reduce. Only water if the soil is extremely dry, as these plants generally prefer drier soils. As temperatures lower, the plant's ability to absorb water decreases, increasing the chances of standing water and root rot.
How to Water common mullein in Winter?
Common mullein does not require much water in winter and can usually rely on natural precipitation. Watering is rarely needed unless the winter is exceptionally dry. Be cautious of overwatering, which can result in root rot when the plant is in its dormancy phase.
What Expert Tips Can Enhance Common Mullein Watering Routine?
Moisture Meter
Using a moisture meter can help assess common mullein's deeper soil moisture needs and prevent over or under-watering. This plant prefers well-draining soil, so the meter will help ensure that the soil doesn't become waterlogged.
Watering Time
Water common mullein early in the morning to allow the water to penetrate the soil before the sun's heat causes evaporation. This also helps prevent fungal diseases by giving the foliage time to dry before nighttime.
Assessing Soil Moisture
Instead of relying solely on surface appearances, try the finger test to check the moisture level in the soil. Insert your finger 2-3 inches deep. If it feels slightly moist, it's time to water. If it feels damp or wet, wait a few more days.
Avoid Over-watering
One common mistake is over-watering common mullein. This plant is drought-tolerant and prefers its soil to dry out between waterings. Make sure to let the top inch or two of soil dry before watering again.
Signs of Thirst
If common mullein starts to wilt or its leaves become soft and droopy, it's a sign that it needs water. However, avoid waiting until the plant is extremely wilted, as it can cause stress and may take longer to recover.
Adjusting Watering in Special Conditions
During a heatwave, common mullein may need more frequent watering due to increased evaporation. However, be cautious not to over-water. If it's raining heavily, reduce watering to prevent waterlogged soil. When common mullein is stressed, such as after transplanting, water deeply but less frequently to encourage root growth.
Considering Hydroponics? How to Manage a Water-Grown Common Mullein
Overview of Hydroponics
Common mullein is a plant that can be successfully grown using hydroponics, which is a method of growing plants without soil. Hydroponics allows for precise control over nutrient and water delivery, resulting in faster growth and higher yields.
Best Hydroponic System
The nutrient film technique (NFT) is well suited for growing common mullein hydroponically. NFT involves a continuous flow of a thin film of nutrient solution over the plant roots, providing them with constant access to water and nutrients.
Nutrient Solution Requirements
The nutrient solution for common mullein should have a balanced NPK ratio of around 20-20-20. The pH level should be maintained between 5.8-6.2 for optimal nutrient uptake. It is recommended to change the nutrient solution every 1-2 weeks to prevent nutrient imbalances.
Common Challenges
One common challenge when growing common mullein hydroponically is root rot. To prevent this, ensure proper oxygenation of the root zone by using an air stone or air pump in the nutrient solution. Additionally, maintaining proper nutrient levels and avoiding nutrient imbalances will help prevent nutrient deficiencies or toxicities.
Monitoring Plant Health
Monitor common mullein's health by regularly checking the leaves for any signs of discoloration, wilting, or abnormal growth. Pay close attention to the roots for any signs of rot or nutrient deficiencies. Early detection and timely adjustments can prevent potential issues.
Adjusting Hydroponic Environment
During the vegetative stage, common mullein prefers higher light intensity (5000-10000 lux) and slightly cooler temperatures (18-25°C). During the flowering stage, reduce light intensity to around 3000-5000 lux and maintain a slightly warmer temperature (20-30°C). Adjust nutrient concentrations based on the plant's growth stage, providing higher nitrogen levels during vegetative growth and slightly lower nitrogen levels during flowering.
Hydroponics Guide Conclusion
Growing and managing common mullein hydroponically can result in healthy plants with increased growth rates and yields. By providing the right nutrient solution, monitoring plant health, and adjusting the environment based on growth stages, you can successfully cultivate common mullein using hydroponics.
Important Symptoms
Overwatering
Common mullein is more susceptible to developing disease symptoms when overwatered because it prefers a soil environment with moderate humidity. Symptoms of overwatering include yellowing leaves, brown or black spots, root rot...
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Brown or black spots
Excessive watering can damage the plant's root system, making it vulnerable to fungal infections. The plant may develop dark brown to black spots that spread upwards from the lower leaves which are usually the first to be affected.
Root rot
Excess water in the soil can lead to the growth of harmful fungi and bacteria, causing the roots to rot and eventually kill the plant.
Soft or mushy stems
Excess water can cause stems to become soft and mushy, as the cells become waterlogged and lose their structural integrity.
Increased susceptibility diseases
Overwatering plants may become more susceptible and diseases as their overall health declines, weakening their natural defenses.
Solutions
1. Adjust watering frequency based on seasons and soil dryness. Wait for soil to dry before watering.2. Increase soil aeration by loosening surface and gently stirring with a wooden stick or chopstick.3. Optimize environment with good ventilation and warmth to enhance water evaporation and prevent overwatering.
Underwatering
Common mullein is more susceptible to plant health issues when lacking watering, as it can only tolerate short periods of drought. Symptoms of dehydration include wilting, leaf curling, yellowing leaves...
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Wilting
Due to the dry soil and insufficient water absorption by the roots, the leaves of the plant will appear limp, droopy, and lose vitality.
Leaf curling
Leaves may curl inward or downward as they attempt to conserve water and minimize water loss through transpiration.
Increased susceptibility to pests and diseases
Underwatered plants may become more susceptible to pests and diseases as their overall health declines, weakening their natural defenses.
Dying plant
If underwatering continues for an extended period, the plant may ultimately die as a result of severe water stress and an inability to carry out essential functions.
Solutions
1. Thoroughly saturate soil with slow ring watering to ensure uniform and sufficient moisture for plants. 2. Increase air humidity with water trays or misting to slow leaf water evaporation. 3. Watering according to the recommended frequency.Adjust watering frequency based on seasons and soil dryness.
Watering Troubleshooting for Common Mullein
Why are the leaves of my common mullein turning yellow?
Yellowing leaves are often a sign of overwatering in common mullein. These plants do well in dry conditions and don't require too much watering. Cut back on the amount of water and allow the soil to dry out a bit between waterings to help solve this problem.
Why is my common mullein wilting despite regular watering?
Common mullein prefers dry, well-drained soils. If it's wilting despite being watered, it could be due to waterlogging or poor drainage, causing the roots to be constantly soaked and leading to root rot. If this is the case, try to improve the drainage of your plant's soil by adding some coarse sand or fine gravel. It might also be necessary to repot the plant if the current pot doesn't have enough drainage holes.
Why are the lower leaves of my common mullein falling off?
If the lower leaves of your common mullein are falling off, it might be due to overwatering. Common mullein are drought-tolerant plants and excessive water can suffocate their roots, causing leaf drop. Cut back on watering and ensure the soil fully dries between waterings.
The leaves of my common mullein are curling up. What could be the problem?
Curling leaves can be a symptom of underwatering, but considering the common mullein's tolerant nature to drought conditions, it's less likely. More probable it's the overwatering. Slow down on watering and allow the soil to dry. If the condition continues, it may also point to a disease or pest issue.
My common mullein plant isn't growing or flowering, even though I water it regularly. What could be the issue?
Common mullein grows best in dry, well-drained soils. Overwatering could cause poor growth and inhibit flowering as it leads to root rot and the plant becomes stressed. Reduce your watering frequency and ensure the soil drains well to promote healthy growth and flowering.
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Lighting
Indoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Choose a site here for personalized care tips. Requirements
Full sun
Ideal
Above 6 hours sunlight
Partial sun
Tolerance
About 3-6 hours sunlight
Watch how sunlight gracefully moves through your garden, and choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade for your plants, ensuring their happiness. Essentials
Common mullein thrives when generously immersed in sun rays throughout the day. However, it can also withstand areas where sunlight is less abundant. Originating from environments abundant in sunlight, it benefits from maximum exposure, nonetheless, excessive rays can lead to impaired growth, while scarce light can result in limited growth and development.
Preferred
Tolerable
Unsuitable
Artificial lighting
Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
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Indoor plants require adequate lighting for optimal growth. When natural sunlight is insufficient, particularly in winter or in less sunny spaces, artificial lights offer a vital solution, promoting faster, healthier growth.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.
1. Choose the right type of artificial light: LED lights are a popular choice for indoor plant lighting because they can be customized to provide the specific wavelengths of light that your plants need.
Full sun plants need 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, partial sun plants need 20-30W/sq ft, and full shade plants need 10-20W/sq ft.
2. Determine the appropriate distance: Place the light source 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight.
3. Determine the duration: Mimic the length of natural daylight hours for your plant species. most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.
Important Symptoms
Insufficient light
Common mullein, a plant that thrives in full sunlight, is commonly grown outdoors with ample sunlight. When cultivated indoors with inadequate light, it may exhibit subtle symptoms of light deficiency.
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Small leaves
New leaves may grow smaller in size compared to the previous ones once they have matured.
Leggy or sparse growth
The spaces between leaves or stems of your common mullein may become longer, resulting in a thin and stretched-out appearance. This can make the plant look sparse and weak, and it may easily break or lean due to its own weight.
Faster leaf drop
When plants are exposed to low light conditions, they tend to shed older leaves early to conserve resources. Within a limited time, these resources can be utilized to grow new leaves until the plant's energy reserves are depleted.
Slower or no new growth
Common mullein enters a survival mode when light conditions are poor, which leads to a halt in leaf production. As a result, the plant's growth becomes delayed or stops altogether.
Lighter-colored new leaves
Insufficient sunlight can cause leaves to develop irregular color patterns or appear pale. This indicates a lack of chlorophyll and essential nutrients.
Solutions
1. To ensure optimal growth, gradually move plants to a sunnier location each week, until they receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Use a south-facing window and keep curtains open during the day for maximum sunlight exposure and nutrient accumulation.2. To provide additional light for your plant, consider using artificial light if it's large or not easily movable. Keep a desk or ceiling lamp on for at least 8 hours daily, or invest in professional plant grow lights for ample light.
Excessive light
Common mullein thrives in full sun exposure and can tolerate intense sunlight. With their remarkable resilience, symptoms of sunburn may not be easily visible, as they rarely suffer from it.
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Chlorosis
Chlorosis is a condition where the plant's leaves lose their green color and turn yellow. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll from excessive sunlight, which negatively affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize.
Sunscald
Sunscald occurs when the plant's leaves or stems are damaged by intense sunlight exposure. It appears as pale, bleached, or necrotic areas on the plant tissue and can reduce the plant's overall health.
Leaf Curling
Leaf curling is a symptom where leaves curl or twist under extreme sunlight conditions. This is a defense mechanism used by the plant to reduce its surface area exposed to sunlight, minimizing water loss and damage.
Wilting
Wilting occurs when a plant loses turgor pressure and its leaves and stems begin to droop. Overexposure to sunlight can cause wilting by increasing the plant's water loss through transpiration, making it difficult for the plant to maintain adequate hydration.
Leaf Scorching
Leaf scorching is a symptom characterized by the appearance of brown, dry, and crispy edges or patches on leaves due to excessive sunlight. This can lead to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity and overall plant health.
Solutions
1. Move your plant to the optimal position where it can receive abundant sunlight but also have some shade. An east-facing window is an ideal choice as the morning sunlight is gentler. This way, your plant can enjoy ample sunlight while reducing the risk of sunburn.2. It is recommended to trim off any completely dehydrated or withered parts of the plant.
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Temperature
Indoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Choose a site here for personalized care tips. Requirements
Ideal
Tolerable
Unsuitable
Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care. Essentials
Common mullein is indigenous to areas with a temperature range of 68 to 95 °F (20 to 35 ℃). Please remember, this perennial plant prefers warmth. Adjustments to temperatures may be necessary in colder seasons.
Regional wintering strategies
Common mullein has strong cold resistance, so special frost protection measures are usually not necessary during winter. However, if the winter temperatures are expected to drop below {Limit_growth_temperature}, it is still important to provide cold protection. This can be achieved by covering the plant with materials such as soil or straw. Before the first freeze in autumn, it is recommended to water the plant abundantly, ensuring the soil remains moist and enters a frozen state. This helps prevent drought and water scarcity for the plant during winter and early spring.
Important Symptoms
Low Temperature
Common mullein is cold-tolerant and thrives best when the temperature is above {Suitable_growth_temperature_min}. During winter, it should be kept above {Tolerable_growing_temperature_min}. When the temperature falls below {Limit_growth_temperature}, although there may not be any noticeable changes during winter, there may be a decrease in sprouting or even no sprouting during springtime.
Solutions
In spring, remove any parts that have failed to sprout.
High Temperature
During summer, Common mullein should be kept below {Suitable_growth_temperature_max}. When the temperature exceeds {Tolerable_growing_temperature_max}, the leaves of the plant may become lighter in color, prone to curling, susceptible to sunburn, and in severe cases, the entire plant may wilt and become dry.
Solutions
Trim away the sunburned and dried-up parts. Move the plant to a location that provides shade from the midday and afternoon sun, or use a shade cloth to create shade. Water the plant in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist.
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Transplant
How to Successfully Transplant Common Mullein?
The perfect time to transplant common mullein is during the pleasant days of mid-spring to early summer. Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil to ensure successful growth. Gently tease out the roots when necessary to encourage robust establishment.
What Preparations are Needed Before Transplanting Common Mullein?
What is the Ideal Time for Transplanting Common Mullein?
The perfect moment to transplant common mullein is during mid-spring to early summer, as the soil begins to warm up. This period ensures strong root establishment and healthy growth. Transplanting at this time promotes common mullein's overall vitality and resilience.
How Much Space Should You Leave Between Common Mullein Plants?
For common mullein, give each plant plenty of room to grow by spacing them 1-2 feet (30-60 cm) apart. This will ensure enough space for the plants to spread and develop.
What is the Best Soil Mix for Common Mullein Transplanting?
Choose an area with well-draining soil for common mullein. Add organic matter, such as compost or well-aged manure, to improve soil fertility. Apply a balanced, slow-release base fertilizer to give the plant a good start.
Where Should You Relocate Your Common Mullein?
Select a location that receives full sun for common mullein as they love the sunlight. Aim for at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day, if possible. This helps the plants to grow strong and healthy.
What Equipments Should You Prepare Before Transplantation Common Mullein?
Gardening Gloves
To protect your hands while working with the soil and plant.
Shovel/Spade
To dig planting holes and lift the plant from its original location.
Pruning Shears
To snip off any damaged or dead roots.
Trowel
To help transfer the plant into the planting hole.
Measuring Tape
To ensure appropriate spacing between plants.
Watering Can
To water the surrounding area after transplanting.
How Do You Remove Common Mullein from the Soil?
Step1 Site Selection
Choose a location with appropriate sunlight and space for your common mullein plant to grow to its mature size.
Step2 Preparing the Planting Hole
Use a shovel to dig a hole that is twice as wide and a little deeper than the root ball of the common mullein plant.
Step3 Preparing the Plant
If the roots of the common mullein plant are bound together, gently loosen them with your fingers. Use pruning shears to snip off any damaged or dead roots.
Step4 Planting
Carefully place the common mullein plant in the planting hole, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. Fill the hole with soil, gently firming the soil around the roots to eliminate air pockets.
Step5 Watering
Water the common mullein plant thoroughly after transplanting, ensuring that the surrounding soil is settled and moist.
Step6 Spacing
If planting multiple common mullein plants, use a measuring tape to maintain proper spacing between plants.
Step-by-Step Guide for Transplanting Common Mullein
Step1 Site Selection
Choose a location with appropriate sunlight and space for your common mullein plant to grow to its mature size.
Step2 Preparing the Planting Hole
Use a shovel to dig a hole that is twice as wide and a little deeper than the root ball of the common mullein plant.
Step3 Preparing the Plant
If the roots of the common mullein plant are bound together, gently loosen them with your fingers. Use pruning shears to snip off any damaged or dead roots.
Step4 Planting
Carefully place the common mullein plant in the planting hole, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. Fill the hole with soil, gently firming the soil around the roots to eliminate air pockets.
Step5 Watering
Water the common mullein plant thoroughly after transplanting, ensuring that the surrounding soil is settled and moist.
Step6 Spacing
If planting multiple common mullein plants, use a measuring tape to maintain proper spacing between plants.
How Do You Care For Common Mullein After Transplanting?
Watering
Keep the soil around the common mullein consistently moist, but not soggy, for the first few weeks after transplanting to help establish strong roots.
Pruning
Remove any wilted, dead, or damaged leaves to encourage healthy growth.
Pest Control
Regularly check the common mullein plant for signs of pests and diseases, and treat them promptly to prevent further damage.
Support
If the common mullein plant grows tall and heavy, provide support such as stakes or cages to prevent it from falling over.
Fertilizing
One month after transplanting, apply a balanced fertilizer to encourage healthy growth and blooming for the common mullein plant.
Troubleshooting Common Issues with Common Mullein Transplantation.
When is the best time to transplant common mullein?
Transplant common mullein during mid-spring to early summer for optimal growth and establishment.
What is the ideal spacing between common mullein plants?
Provide 1-2 feet (30-60 cm) spacing between common mullein plants to ensure proper growth and airflow.
Should I loosen the roots before transplanting common mullein?
Yes, gently loosen the root ball to encourage new root growth and better establishment after transplanting.
How deep should I plant common mullein while transplanting?
Plant common mullein at the same depth it was growing in its previous container for optimal establishment.
How much should I water common mullein after transplanting?
Water common mullein thoroughly after transplanting, and keep the soil consistently moist until it establishes.
What type of soil is ideal for transplanting common mullein?
Common mullein thrives in well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Amend soil if needed before transplanting.
Do I need to fertilize common mullein during transplant?
A slow-release fertilizer can be beneficial, but avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause leggy growth and fewer flowers.
What if my transplanted common mullein starts wilting?
Wilting may occur due to transplant shock. Maintain consistent moisture and provide support if needed; it should recover soon.
Can I transplant common mullein in a container?
Yes, choose a container with drainage holes and adequate space for root growth. Use well-draining soil mix.
What kind of sunlight does transplanted common mullein need?
Common mullein needs full sun to partial shade. Make sure to choose a transplant site with proper sunlight exposure.
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