Arrowleaf elephant's ear (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Flower, Leaf, Care, Uses

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Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Xanthosoma sagittifolium

Also known as: American taro, Purplestem tannia, Blue taro, Yellow yautia, Arrowleaf elephant ear, Green Arrow Elephant Ears, New Cocoyam, Barbados Nut Eddoe

Arrowleaf elephant's ear (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a herbaceous perennial that can grow from 3 to 3.5 m tall. It has large, blue green, arrow-shaped leaves that resemble an elephant’s ear. The leaves can grow to 91 cm long, much larger than most elephant ear plants. It prefers partial to full shade.

Every week

Water

Partial sun

Sunlight

Care Guide for Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Fertilization

Arrowleaf elephant's ear is a large plant that needs plenty of water and fertilizer to grow its absolute best. For leaves that grow up to their maximum length and width, use a mineral fertilizer once every two weeks throughout the spring.

Soil

Slightly acidic

Sunlight

Partial sun, Full sun, Full shade

Hardiness Zones

9 to 11

Planting Time

Early spring

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Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Water

Every week

Sunlight

Partial sun

Hardiness Zones

9 to 11

Planting Time

Early spring

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Questions About Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

There are plenty of viable ways to supply your Arrowleaf elephant's ear with water. If you grow your plant in an indoor pot, for the Arrowleaf elephant's ears in small pots, you can bring your potted plant to your kitchen sink. Then, use the faucet to add water to the container. By holding the pot in your hands, you should easily notice when the water begins to run through the pot’s drainage holes, at which point you can stop watering. The cold temperature will hurt the plants' root system, so please don't do this during winter or in cold climates. Most of the time, watering via your faucet is permissible for the Arrowleaf elephant's ear. However, if the local tap water contains a high proportion of fluorine, chlorine or salts, you should consider using rainwater or lake water.

Also, since the Arrowleaf elephant's ear can respond well to overhead watering and watering directly into the soil, you can use a watering can, hose, or just about any tool you’d like to water it.

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What should I do if I water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear too much or too little?

If you discover that you have underwatered your Arrowleaf elephant's ear, your first step towards remedying the situation is to give your plant some water. Water deeply until excess water runs from the container’s drainage hole, or if you grow outside, water until the soil has become entirely moist. If you find your Arrowleaf elephant's ear is receiving too much water, begin by reducing your watering schedule. You also want to address the soil and container your Arrowleaf elephant's ear grows in. If either the soil or the container makes it difficult for water to drain efficiently, your plant will likely become overwatered again. Resolve the issue by moving your plant to looser soils and/or a container with bigger drainage holes or a more porous material. Also check the location of the plant. If the plant is in places like a corner, then it is recommended to move it to a window or around a door to enhance ventilation. Making sure the plants are in a well-ventilated location can reduce the occurrence of overwatering to some extent.

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How often should I water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

The Arrowleaf elephant's ear is not a species that requires consistent soil moisture. Instead, it is better to allow this plant’s soil to become dry between waterings. If you are like the many gardeners who grow Arrowleaf elephant's ears in containers, you can judge whether or not it is time to add water by how dry the soil within the container is. For instance, if about top half of the soil in your container has become dry, it is time to add water. You can feel it by inserting your fingers or sticks into the soil or with soil moisture meter. For those who grow the Arrowleaf elephant's ear outdoors, you can plan to do your watering about once every other week, provided it has not rained recently.

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How much water does my Arrowleaf elephant's ear need?

After waiting for the first several layers of soil surrounding your Arrowleaf elephant's ear’s root to become dry（top half of the soil）, it is time to add enough water to make them moist again. The amount of water it takes to achieve that goal depends on if you use a container, how large that container is, and how large your plant itself is. For a small Arrowleaf elephant's ear growing in a small to a medium-sized container, one to two cups may be enough to dampen the soil sufficiently. As you would expect, the volume of water you supply should increase for a larger plant. The best way to make sure your plant has received enough water is to stick your finger or a trowel into the soil and feel whether it is entirely moist. Alternatively, you can water until you see excess water draining from the holes at the bottom of your container.

How can I tell if i'm watering my Arrowleaf elephant's ear enough?

Overwatering and underwatering are both bad for the health of your Arrowleaf elephant's ear. These two issues also manifest themselves in subtly different ways when they occur. Arrowleaf elephant's ear that receives too little water may begin to develop yellow leaves. Underwatering may also cause the leaf margins to become brown and brittle. By contrast, Arrowleaf elephant's ear that gets overwatered will often show yellow and brown marks on its leaves at the same time. Overwatering can also lead to diseases like root rot, some of which may also be visible on your plant. However, if you know the signs of overwatering and underwatering, you stand a good chance of correcting both issues.

How should I water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear through the seasons?

During spring and fall, your watering schedule for the Arrowleaf elephant's ear will remain relatively the same, which will involve watering this plant about once every week. During summer, you may find that the hot weather causes your plant to need more water than usual, especially if it grows where there is a considerable amount of daily light exposure. In the winter, if it's hard to find some warm places for you plant, your Arrowleaf elephant's ear will enter a dormant growth phase, in which it will need far less water than usual. At this time, you may get by without watering your plant at all. If you do choose to water during winter, you should not do so more often than once every two to three weeks.

How should I water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear at different growth stages?

After planting a new, young Arrowleaf elephant's ear or after transplanting an older Arrowleaf elephant's ear, you will probably need to give this plant more water than usual. Young plants often need consistent soil moisture during the early stages of their growth to help them adapt to their new growing locations. Transplants also need more water for a brief time to overcome transplant shock. In either case, you may need to water multiple times per week until your plant has exhibited continuous healthy growth. In most situations, your water should be moderate and should never be significant enough to cause overwatering.

What's the difference between watering Arrowleaf elephant's ear indoors and outdoors?

There are a few reasons why you may need to water an indoor Arrowleaf elephant's ear more often than one that grows in the ground outdoors. First, indoor growing settings tend to be drier than outdoor ones, often due to the effect of air conditioning units. While thw size of the pot and the soil determines the warer accumulating ability. Additionally, when your plant grows indoors, it will rely on you entirely for its water By contrast, Arrowleaf elephant's ear that grows outside can receive water from rain. If you are in an area with high rainfall, you may not have to give it extra watering. When there is not enough rain, you should water additionally to ensure that the soil does not dry out completely.

Is pruning necessary for my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

It is helpful to lightly prune this plant periodically during the spring and summer. When performing this light pruning, you should search for leaves that have wilted, become discolored, show signs of disease, or have died completely. Remove dead or damaged leaves by cutting their petioles, or trimming off stems that have died. This will increase the light and ventilation of the plant and help it to grow. Some gardeners also choose to remove the flower buds of the Arrowleaf elephant's ear. However, removing flower buds before they open is a strictly aesthetic decision that will emphasize the beauty of this plant’s showy leaves.

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When should I prune my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

You can prune your Arrowleaf elephant's ear any time you notice dead, diseased, or damaged leaves during the growing season. Once you notice such a leave, locate an unwanted leaf, then follow its stem all the way to the bottom of petiole. Removing dead stems will increase the light and ventilation of the plant and help it to grow. you can cut its stem just above the soil’s surface to remove it. Such pruning can take place as needed during spring and summer. Also, this plant can bloom any time between spring and fall, and some gardeners choose to remove flower buds before they have a chance to open. Removing unopened flower buds allows this plant to focus most of its growing energy on its beautiful leaves. However, pruning in this manner does not necessarily influence the plant’s overall health.

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How do I prune my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Pruning the Arrowleaf elephant's ear is as easy as waiting until you notice dead or damaged leaves on your plant. When you recognize these leaves, equip yourself with a pair of sharp and sterile hand pruning shears. Hand pruning shears will work best as larger tools like loppers will not be well suited to the precise cuts you need to make. Once you have a proper set of pruning tools, locate an unwanted leaf, then follow its stem all the way to the bottom of petiole. Removing dead stems will increase the light and ventilation of the plant and help it to grow. Cut the stem just above where it exits the soil to remove it entirely. If you wish to stop this plant from flowering, you can use the same pruning shears to remove any buds before they open. Finally, you may prefer to just trim off dead or damaged portions of the plant, including deadheading spent flowers, to keep it looking its best. This can be done at any time of year. Diseased or damaged stems should be cut right at the soil line and removed completely. Blooms should be cut off just below the flower head.

What should I do after pruning my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Since pruning for the Arrowleaf elephant's ear should take place periodically throughout the season, what you do after pruning can vary. For instance, if you prune to remove selected leaves and stems from your Arrowleaf elephant's ear, you won’t need to do anything except continue your regular maintenance routine. At times, you may choose to remove healthier leaves and include them in a display of cut flowers and foliage. However, there is no crucial maintenance task to perform for this plant after typical pruning. The only thing to note is that when watering after pruning, you need to be careful not to touch the wound to prevent fungus from infecting the plant through the fresh wound. Placing Arrowleaf elephant's ear in a well-ventilated location will also help the wounds to dry out and heal in time. The timely replenishment of Arrowleaf elephant's ear after pruning will help the Arrowleaf elephant's ear to recover as soon as possible.

Are there any important tips when pruning my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

For your major pruning, use sharp pruning sheers that will make clean cuts to avoid damaging your plants. As you are pruning your Arrowleaf elephant's ear, step back occasionally to check the appearance of the plant to make sure it has the shape you want and that you are pruning it symmetrically. If the overall growth of the plant is weak, the flowers need to be pruned back in time for flowering to be able to save nutrients for leaf growth and allow the plant to grow more vigorously.

What is the optimal temperature for Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

For this tropical plant to thrive, you’ll want to keep them between 75℉ and 90℉ (25-32℃). Each species can handle temperatures outside of this range, but keeping it within several degrees of these limits will ensure they grow to their maximum potential.

As for its extreme temperature limits, any environment below 50℉ (10℃) or above 95℉ (35℃) will begin to hinder its growth and cause various aberrations to its leaves and stems. This is especially true with low temperatures; even a light frost can cause your tropical plants to perish. Cellular death can begin to happen at a rapid pace, with some species dying in as little as 12 to 24 hours.

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Does Arrowleaf elephant's ear require different temperatures for different growing phases?

While Arrowleaf elephant's ear doesn’t require any changes in temperature to enter different growing phases, it is important to stay consistent. Wild temperature fluctuations can slow down its growth regardless of its current phase, so it's always better to keep them in a controlled environment. That optimal temperature range of 75℉ and 90℉ (25-32℃) is vital to maintain, especially staying above the lower limit. Going above 90℉(32℃) isn’t ideal, but as tropical plant it won’t suffer too much. On the other hand, going below 50℉ (10℃) (and especially 40℉/5℃) will begin to directly damage this heat-loving plant species.

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Does Arrowleaf elephant's ear need different temperatures for different seasons?

Arrowleaf elephant's ear does not need different temperatures for different growing seasons. The most important step in seasonal care is to keep the environment within the optimal temperature range. That's why it's always best to keep this plant indoors. That way, you can control the temperature no matter what the climate is like outside.

Light is also important for tropical species, with all of these plants preferring a partial side level of sun exposure. This means any light they receive needs to be dappled or filtered, with bright but indirect light being the best option when growing your plants indoors. Too much direct sunlight can negatively affect your plant’s leaves, reducing its growth potential.

What are the temperature guidelines to keep your Arrowleaf elephant's ear healthy?

Tip #1: Don’t Leave Your Plant Near Windows in Colder Months

If you want to make sure your plant isn’t exposed to colder temperatures, you may want to keep them away from windows. In colder months like late fall and winter, even the smallest draft can leak cold air into your home through cracks in your windows. While this air usually dissipates and warms up as it travels throughout your home, any plants placed in close proximity to the window will be affected. Move your tropical plants into an area where they will still get bright but indirect light, while making sure they won’t be affected by potential drafts.

Tip #2: If You Find Dry Patches, Your Plant May Be Getting Too Much Sunlight or Heat

You may notice the leaves become white or even scorched on a sunny day. These discolorations and unusual markings usually indicate that a plant is getting too much heat or sunlight, and it may be dehydrated. Excess light and heat will dry out the soil, stopping plants from getting the moisture they need to support their cellular structure. It also slows down or stops the process of photosynthesis, further hindering growth. If ignored for too long, these dry spots can spread and eventually result in the death of your plants.

Tip #3: Avoid Frost at All Costs

Colder temperatures and frost can damage your plants by causing ice crystals or disrupt normal physiological activity. This makes it nearly impossible for water to move freely throughout plant tissue, creating a deficit of moisture in their stems and leaves. You can tell a plant has been damaged by frost if it begins to suffer from hydrosis (it will appear as though it's soaked with water.) If the problem persists, your plants may begin shriveling and turning a dark brown or black hue. After that, the plant will almost certainly die.

What is the best way to maintain the right temperature for my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

The best way to maintain the right temperature range for Arrowleaf elephant's ear is by keeping an eye on both the climate and humidity. You’ll want to try to keep each species in a room where you have access to climate control, keeping the heat in the temperature range best mimics its natural habitat. The humidity levels will also have a direct effect on temperature, so it's important to monitor these as well. You can artificially raise the humidity of your growing space by using a humidifier or lightly misting the leaves with water.

If you intend to grow this species outside, you may find it difficult to maintain the right balance of temperature and humidity. If temperatures begin to drop or the air becomes too dry, your best option is to find room within your home and move your plant inside. An indoor growing space will allow you to control the climate more closely, helping your plant reach its full potential.

Why do I need to fertilize my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

All plants rely on soil nutrients to facilitate their growth, and the Arrowleaf elephant's ear is no exception. However, it is not always a guarantee that the soil in which your plants grow will have all of the nutrients required. Fertilization and soil amendments help ensure that the plants in your garden not only have the basic nutrients they need but also that they get the nutrients that are specifically necessary to them.

Arrowleaf elephant's ear needs fertilizer to ensure that its roots and stems continue to develop in a healthy way throughout the growing season. Fertilization will also help a Arrowleaf elephant's ear a set of leaves that looks fantastic, which is especially important for this plant since its foliage is its main point of ornamental appeal.

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When is the best time to fertilize my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

A Arrowleaf elephant's ear will need the greatest amount of fertilizer during the seasons in which it is actively growing. This active growth phase typically spans most of the months that make up spring, summer, and early fall.

Once winter ends, you should plan to feed your Arrowleaf elephant's ear about once every two to four weeks. Continue feeding at this rate until the fall months arrive. Once fall arrives, you can reduce your fertilization rate, reducing the amount of fertilizer you give gradually until you cease feedings entirely in anticipation of winter, when the Arrowleaf elephant's ear will have far less active growth.

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When should I avoid fertilizing my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Throughout most of the year, including spring, summer, and most of the fall, you should continue feeding your Arrowleaf elephant's ear regularly. The only exception to this is if you notice that your Arrowleaf elephant's ear has received too much fertilizer or if you have managed to fertilize your Arrowleaf elephant's ear incorrectly, causing fertilizer burn or some other issue that you'll need to remedy before returning to a regular feeding schedule.

The only time of year when you should not fertilize a Arrowleaf elephant's ear is during winter. If you grow this plant indoors in an area where the winters are cold, it will enter a dormant phase during the winter. Feeding this plant during its dormant phase is not only unnecessary and unhelpful to this plant's growth, but it is also very likely to cause fertilizer burn.

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What type of fertilizer does my Arrowleaf elephant's ear need?

The fertilizer for a Arrowleaf elephant's ear has a specific blend of nutrients, each of which is present in relatively low amounts. An ideal fertilizer will have an N-P-K ratio of 3-1-2. However, a general-purpose fertilizer that has an even blend of nutrients can work well in some cases. Still, even when using a balanced fertilizer, the ratio number representing the volume of each nutrient should be at 10 or lower.

The fertilizer you use can be either granular or liquid based. If you choose to use a liquid-based fertilizer, it is often best to dilute the strength by half. While there is not much downside to granular fertilizer, it is often most sensible to use liquid fertilizer, especially if you feed your Arrowleaf elephant's ear while you supply water.

How do I fertilize my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

The fertilizer that you purchase for your Arrowleaf elephant's ear will likely come with application instructions that you should follow in most cases. However, for a Arrowleaf elephant's ear, you should always fertilize just before or while you are watering the soil, as this will prevent the fertilizer from burning the plant's roots.

If you use a slow-release granular fertilizer, you should sprinkle it on the soil and then provide water immediately after. If you use a liquid-based fertilizer, you should dilute it with water, apply it to the soil, then supply a bit more water. Diluting your fertilizer by at least half is especially important in spring and fall when the plant's growth is ramping up and decelerating, respectively.

What happens if I fertilize my Arrowleaf elephant's ear too much?

Since it is advisable to fertilize your Arrowleaf elephant's ear every few weeks throughout the growing season, overfertilization is not often an issue. However, it remains possible for this to occur. If you overfertilize your Arrowleaf elephant's ear, you may notice accumulations of excess fertilizer on the soil’s surface and foliage discoloration.

Fertilizer burn is the most common issue you should worry about when feeding a Arrowleaf elephant's ear. This issue occurs when you overfertilize, fail to dilute your fertilizer, or when don’t water during and after fertilization. In any of those cases, the fertilizer can draw moisture out of your plant’s roots, causing it to dry out. Often, fertilizer burn will manifest with browning and yellowing of this plant’s leaves.

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Distribution Map

Habitat

Tropical rainforest

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info

Plant Type

Herb

Flower Color

Green

White

Yellow

Bloom Time

Spring, Summer

Leaf Color

Green

Blue

Name story

Arrowleaf elephant's ear

The arrowleaf elephant's ear comes by its common name quite honestly: the large, attractive green leaves look like particularly pointed elephant’s ears. The plant’s specific epithet “sagittifolium” also means “arrow-shaped.”

Symbolism

Tropical, stiff, internal.

Scientific Classification

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Monocotyledons

Order

Water plantains and allies

Family

Arum

Genus

Elephant's ear

Species

Arrowleaf elephant's ear

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View More Articles

Add to My Garden

Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Xanthosoma sagittifolium

Also known as: American taro, Purplestem tannia, Blue taro, Yellow yautia, Arrowleaf elephant ear, Green Arrow Elephant Ears, New Cocoyam, Barbados Nut Eddoe

Every week

Water

Partial sun

Sunlight

Care Guide for Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Fertilization

Soil

Slightly acidic

Sunlight

Partial sun, Full sun, Full shade

Hardiness Zones

9 to 11

Planting Time

Early spring

Tips, advice, and instructions for over 13,000 species that you will find nowhere else

Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Xanthosoma sagittifolium

Water

Every week

Sunlight

Partial sun

Hardiness Zones

9 to 11

Planting Time

Early spring

Questions About Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Watering

Pruning

Sunlight

Temperature

Fertilizing

What is the best way to water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Free

What should I do if I water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear too much or too little?

Free

How often should I water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Free

How much water does my Arrowleaf elephant's ear need?

How can I tell if i'm watering my Arrowleaf elephant's ear enough?

How should I water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear through the seasons?

How should I water my Arrowleaf elephant's ear at different growth stages?

What's the difference between watering Arrowleaf elephant's ear indoors and outdoors?

Is pruning necessary for my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Free

When should I prune my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Free

How do I prune my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

What should I do after pruning my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Are there any important tips when pruning my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

How many hours of sunlight does Arrowleaf elephant's ear need to grow?

Free

What will happen if Arrowleaf elephant's ear doesn’t get enough sunlight?

What will happen if Arrowleaf elephant's ear gets too much sunlight?

What is the optimal temperature for Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Free

Does Arrowleaf elephant's ear require different temperatures for different growing phases?

Free

Does Arrowleaf elephant's ear need different temperatures for different seasons?

What are the temperature guidelines to keep your Arrowleaf elephant's ear healthy?

What is the best way to maintain the right temperature for my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Why do I need to fertilize my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Free

When is the best time to fertilize my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Free

When should I avoid fertilizing my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

Free

What type of fertilizer does my Arrowleaf elephant's ear need?

How do I fertilize my Arrowleaf elephant's ear?

What happens if I fertilize my Arrowleaf elephant's ear too much?

You’ve got questions. We’ve got answers.

Let us help take all the guesswork out of your gardening.

Distribution Map

Habitat

Tropical rainforest

Map

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Potentially invasive

Exotic

No species reported

More Info

Plant Type

Herb

Flower Color

Green

White

Yellow

Bloom Time

Spring, Summer

Leaf Color

Green

Blue

Name story

Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Symbolism

Tropical, stiff, internal.

Scientific Classification

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Monocotyledons

Order

Water plantains and allies

Family

Arum

Genus

Elephant's ear

Species

Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Related Plants

Shame plant

Mimosa pudica

Dwarf umbrella tree

Schefflera arboricola

Best Perennial Plant to Grow

# Useful Tips

Best Perennial Plant to Grow

# Useful Tips

Most Common Herb

# Useful Tips

Discover more articles?

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Care Guide for Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Questions About Arrowleaf elephant's ear

More Questions People Also Ask

Distribution Map

Habitat

More Info

Name story

Symbolism

Scientific Classification

Related Plants

Related Articles

Care Guide for Arrowleaf elephant's ear

Questions About Arrowleaf elephant's ear

More Questions People Also Ask

Distribution Map

Habitat

Map

More Info

Name story

Symbolism

Scientific Classification

Related Plants

Related Articles